The purpose of this study is to review etiology, diagnosis and management strategies of rhinogenic and otogenic meningitis and brain abscess in adults. Current diagnostic procedures, effective surgery and antibiotic treatment are discussed. The clinical case of diagnosis and successful treatment of the patient with rhinogenic meningitis and brain abscesses is presented.

The authors discuss the mechanisms underlying the development of chronic tonsillar pathology confirmed by the methods of histological, autoradiographic, and bacteriological diagnostics. The new aspects of vital activity of microorganisms in the parenchymal tissue of the palatine tonsils are highlighted that account for the low effectiveness of the conservative therapy of chronic tonsillitis and give evidence of the necessity of the surgical treatment of this condition.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a severe chronic disease which prevalence continues to increase steadily worldwide. According to the latest data, the number of patients with DV worldwide has more than doubled over the past 10 years and by the end of 2015 reached 415 million people. The government expenditure on the treatment of patients who have developed diabetes complications significantly outweigh the expenditure on patients without complications. Timely diagnosis, efficient and safe modern therapy, including insulin therapy with the use of next generation insulin, make it possible to optimize control over the economic burden of DM.

The authors describe various clinical forms of streptococcal infections, the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying these conditions, and peculiarities of their clinical picture. Also considered are the modern methods employed for laboratory diagnostics of streptococcal infections. The probability of the risk of development of post-streptococcal diseases in the children is evaluated. Measures for the prevention of these conditions are proposed.

Sore throat is one of the most common complaint with which patients seek the aid of doctors specializing in different areas. Sore throat may be associated with abnormalities of various organs and systems due to topographical proximity of various anatomical elements located in the oropharynx and rich and extensive innervation of the pharynx [1, 2].

Sore throat is the most common complaint of patients presenting to various clinical specialists. The most common causes of sore throat are infectious agents. Importantly, the inflammatory response may be initiated by not only classic pathogens but also representatives of the normal microflora of the oro- and hypopharynx which become pathogenic as a result of reduction of local resistance factors. [1, 2]

Sore throat is the most common complaint of patients presenting to various clinical specialists. The most common causes of sore throat are infectious agents. Importantly, the inflammatory response may be initiated by not only classic pathogens but also representatives of the normal microflora of the oro- and hypopharynx which become pathogenic as a result of reduction of local resistance factors. [1, 2]

The objective of the present study was to elucidate the objective diagnostic criteria for the differentiation between various forms of chronic tonsillitis (CT) based on the results of clinical, bacteriological, and serological investigations. A total of 13 patients presenting with various forms of CT were available for the examination. The mathematical analysis of the data thus obtained made it possible to identify the most clinically significant diagnostic criteria allowing to verify the form of CT. It is concluded that their application in the combination with the classification of chronic tonsillitis proposed earlier by B.S. Preobrazhensky and V.T. Pal'chun can be recommended for the choice of the most adequate strategy for the treatment of the patients chronic tonsillitis on an individual basis.

Etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of patients with inflammatory diseases of the outer ear remain relevant for the modern otorhinolaryngology. Reduction in the overall reactivity of the organism and local immunity factors against a background of environmental degradation, as well as widespread and largely unjustified administration of antibiotics, antiseptics or hormonal medications, contribute to the steady growth of diseases of the outer ear.

Bacterial lesion in the oropharynx is a pressing issue in otorhinolaryngology. After flu and acute respiratory infections, sore throat and chronic tonsillitis are the most common human diseases, the prevalence of which, as well as a high probability of a number of diseases of the internal organs (heart, blood vessels, kidneys, joints, etc.) which may develop as a complication of acute or chronic inflammation of the tonsils, determine the relevance of tonsillar pathology [3-5].

The objective of the present study was to analyse risk factors and the clinical course of general diseases and disorders associated with chronic tonsillitis. We overviewed domestic and foreign periodicals and present the data thus obtained together with the results of our original investigations. The study permitted to elucidate the risk factors of the complicated clinical picture of chronic tonsillar pathology and substantiate the necessity of the active surgical treatment for the prevention of the development of toxico-allergic forms of this disease. The importance of thorough diagnostics of the diseases concomitant with chronic tonsillitis both for the purpose of identification of its form and for the prevention of the development of serious life-threatening complications is emphasized.

The objective of the present study was to characterize peculiar clinical and laboratory features of trivial tonsillitis for the substantiation of the necessity of prescription of antibacterial therapy. A total of 386 patients presenting with various forms of trivial tonsillitis were available for the determination of anti-streptococcal antibody (ASLO, anti-DN-ase B, ASPH) levels. The results of the measurement were compared based on the Centor scale generally used to estimate the necessity of prescribing antibacterial therapy for the treatment of sore throat. It is concluded that laboratory studies of characteristics of S. Рyogenes activity are needed in all the patients presenting with tonsillitis in order to elucidate the etiological factors responsible for pharyngalgia and the necessity of prescription of antibacterial therapy for the prevention of pyogenic systemic complications of streptococcal infection.

The objective of the present study was to analyse etiological and pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development of toxico-allergic manifestations in the patients presenting with chronic tonsillitis. The overview of the publications in the Russian and foreign literature provided materials for substantiating the expediency of the treatment of various forms of chronic tonsillitis on an individual basis. The necessity of further studies of toxico-allergic manifestations of chronic tonsillitis and the use of the active surgical strategies for the management of toxico-allergic forms of the disease is emphasized.