BACKGROUND:Acute bacterial sinusitis is one of the most common causes of prescribing systemic antibacterial drugs in otorhinolaryngology. With bacterial etiology of the disease, beta-lactam antibiotics are prescribed, in particular cefixim. Cefixim in the form of dispersible tablets has high clinical and bacteriological efficiency, as well as good tolerability in patients with acute sinusitis. OBJECTIVE:To study the therapeutic equivalence of two drugs of cefixim (reproduced drug Cefixim Express and reference drug Suprax Solutab) in patients with acute bacterial sinusitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS:60 adult patients with a diagnosis of acute bacterial sinusitis took part in a randomized open comparative clinical study. Patients of group 1 (n=30) received the drug Cefixim Express in the form of dispersible tablets 400 mg once a day. Group 2 (n=30) received Suprax Solutab in the form of dispersible tablets 400 mg once a day. The duration of treatment course was 7 days. All patients conducted general clinical and otorhinolaryngological examinations, assessment of symptoms of acute sinusitis, assessment of the general clinical impression of the therapy, tolerance of treatment, analysis of the frequency of unwanted phenomena before treatment, 3 days after the beginning of therapy and after the course completion (7 days). RESULTS:Recovery occurred in 63.3% of patients in group 1 according to the inspection on the 7th day of treatment and in 66.67% of patients in group 2. The rate of clinical symptoms regression by the end of therapy was comparable in the comparison groups. Hyperemia of the nasal mucosa, purulent nasal discharge and difficulty in nasal breathing (p<0.01) regressed by the 7th day in patients of both treatment groups. The incidence of adverse reactions on the 7th day of treatment in group 1 was 10%, in group 2 - 6.7% (p>0.05). CONCLUSION:The drug Cefixim Express has high therapeutic effectiveness in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis, comparable to Suprax Solutab. Cefixime EXPRESS has demonstrated a good tolerability and a favorable safety profile.

Otitis externa is one of the most common diseases in otorhinolaryngological practice frequently requiring prescription of analgesic medications and antimicrobials. The total of 2714 patients were included in the retrospective study to evaluate bacterial etiology, effectiveness, and safety of topical empirical treatment of patients with diagnosed otitis externa during 2018-2023. The most common pathogens isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (38.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (24.2%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (12.3%). Mixed bacterial infection was observed in 17.0% of patients. Majority of patients (76.1%) complained of erythema and swelling of the ear canal area, 38.2% had otorrhea, hearing loss (35.7%), otalgia (34.7%), itching in the ear (33.3%) and peeling of the epidermis of the external auditory canal (19.2%). Out of 2545 patients included in the analysis 92.1% received a combination drug containing polymyxin B sulfate, neomycin sulfate and lidocaine hydrochloride (Anauran) as monotherapy, whereas 7.9% received it in combination with other antimicrobials. Resolution of clinical symptoms within 7 days of therapy was observed in 97.0% of patients. Eradication of pathogens was observed in 95.1% of cases. In total 99.6% of patients reported completely no side effects during the treatment course suggesting high level of effectiveness and safety of the drug.

BACKGROUND:Typical cloth and medical masks, which are mandatory to wear during the COVID 19 pandemic, create visual barrier, obscure linguistic and nonverbal communication and interaction. Ski-slope hearing loss patients often don't admit their auditory insufficiency and do not use hearing aids due to acceptable speech intelligibility by using visual access to the mouth and other potential facial cues.PURPOSE:To assess the impact of universal face medical masks in public places on motivation to using hearing aids of patients with ski-slope hearing loss.PATIENTS AND METHODS:All the 504 patients (18-65 years old), who applied for < hearing care assistance and for the first time bought hearing aid were included. 266 patients (group A) applied from June to November 2020, when wearing facial masks was mandatory; 238 patients (group B) applied from June to November 2019, when wearing facial masks wasn't required. In both groups patients, who fulfilled the following criteria, were selected: 1) binaural mild to severe sensorineural ski-slope hearing loss lasting more than 3 years; 2) no progression of hearing loss within the last 3 years; 3) pure tone audiometry <20 dB HL at 125-1000 Hz frequencies; 4) hearing care with mono- or binaural hearing aids with the receiver-in-the-canal open-type. Questionnaires were administered to eligible patients in group A to assess the motivational components of acquiring hearing aids.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:In group A, 74 (28%) patients received hearing aids according to the inclusion criteria, and in group B, 46 (19%) patients received hearing aids (p=0.033). Significant factors determining hearing aid acquisition were lack of visual contact when wearing a mask, communication difficulties in noisy environments and lack of intelligibility in a concert hall or lecture.CONCLUSION:Patients' motivation to hearing care grows in mandatory wearing facial masks conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic leading to an increase in patients using hearing aids.

The article covers the problems of diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases of the oropharynx. The authors consider the main nosological forms of focal inflammation in the throat, discuss the role of β-hemolytic streptococcus group A in the genesis of angina and chronic tonsillitis and their complications. The authors discuss the influence of irritants - smoking, alcohol, cold air, gastroesofareal reflux on the development of chronic inflammation of the oropharynx mucosa. Leading clinical symptoms in oropharyngeal diseases and the main methods of their treatment are presented. The authors conclude that the most effective treatment of focal inflammation in the throat is the use of combined topical drugs. As a choice for local therapy of pharyngeal diseases, the authors offer a combined drug Doritiricin, effectively and safely relieving pain syndrome and local inflammatory response.

Bacterial infections of the upper respiratory tract in the structure of the incidence of the population ranked second. Recently in practice there are more and more cases of a protracted course of the disease, chronic inflammation, as well as various kinds of complications. The abuse and misuse of antibiotics has contributed to the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. This problem is named one of the most pressing for public health in the world. In this regard, the topical issue is the search for alternative drugs foe treating infectious diseases. Bacteriophage preparations that have a 100-year history and have gone a long way in development have shown their effectiveness as an alternative to antibiotics, and as an additional therapy in the treatment of certain bacterial infections. This review includes data from various studies available in English, as well as the results of domestic reports published in Russian scientific literature.

The purpose of the work is to study the current state of the problem of diagnosing and treating fungal adenoiditis and tonsillomycosis in children. This article summarizes the literature data on the predisposing factors and characteristics of the occurrence of fungal infections of adenoid vegetations and tonsils in children. The works present modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of children with fungal adenoiditis and tonsillomycosis, depending on the selected genus and the type of fungus. Based on the conducted research, performed on the basis of "The Sverzhevskiy Otorhinolaryngology Healthcare Research Institute", we found that the incidence of fungal adenoiditis in children is 16.4%, and the incidence of tonsillomicosis in children with chronic tonsillitis is 21.5%. The most frequently detected strain in this pathology is C. albicans. In the presented study, a justification of the chosen treatment regimen was made on the basis of the data obtained during microbiological (bacteriological and mycological) studies.

He article describes an observational (non-intervening) research 'Analysis of the therapeutic efficacy of the Polyvalent Piobacteriophage (secstafag) in the treatment of acute sinusitis'. The obtained results prove the effectiveness of the drug in the treatment of this ENT pathology.

The results of treatment of 38 patients suffering from sensorineural hearing loss with the Gliatilin (solution 3 ml intravenously for 10 days, capsules 400 mg 3 times a day or solution for ingestion 600 mg 2 times a day for 3 months) are presented. All patients in dynamics were given a comprehensive audiological, neurological examination, as well as an assessment of psycho-emotional status and cognitive function. Subjective improvement of ear noise tolerance by patients by 40 days of observation and continuation of this trend during the whole period (100 days) outside of the form of the medicinal preparation is noted. A reliable improvement in the 50% speech intelligibility threshold by day 100 of observation was established in patients of both groups, with a tendency towards earlier (on day 70 of the study) onset of this effect when taking the drug inside as a solution. The Gliatilin has been proven to reduce anxiety and depression, as well as reliably improve cognitive function. Thus, Gliatilin (injection solution, ingestion solution, capsules) can be used to improve the subjective tolerance of ear noise, speech intelligibility and quality of life of patients in chronic sensorineural hearing loss.

The objective of the present work was to study the influence of the dry extract from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba EGb 761 (used as monotherapy at a dose of 120 mg twice daily during 4 months) on the vestibular function of the patients presenting with cochleovestibular pathology of peripheral and mixed genesis. We present the results obtained by the objective and subjective methods for the evaluation of the vestibular function as well as the neurological and psychoemotional state of the 40 patients that was carried out during the four months of memoplant monotherapy. It is concluded that monotherapy with the use of the dry extract from Ginkgo biloba leaves can be applied for the purpose of improvement of static and dynamic balancing state. Moreover, this memoplant preparation can be used as a means of prophylaxis of recurrent dizziness that in addition reduces the severity of anxiety and depression without producing adverse side effects.

200 children aged 4 to 12 years diagnosed with grade 3 adenoids, chronic adenoiditis, admitted for routine surgical intervention – adenoidectomy, have been examined and treated in the Pediatric ENT-pathology Department of the Moscow Department of Health L.I. Sverzhevskiy Otorhinolaryngology Healthcare Research Institute.2 groups of patients were formed depending on the treatment performed in the postoperative period. Group I (active treatment): 100 children who underwent conservative treatment after adenoidectomy, including: tested/investigational drug – Umckalor solution (per os), dosing regimen: children aged from 4 to 6 years – 5–10 drops 3 times a day, aged from 6 to 12 years – 10 to 20 drops 3 times a day; topical decongestants (in the age-related dosage); silver proteinate (nasal drops in age-specific doses); secondand third-generation antihistamines (in the age-specific doses). Group II (control): 100 children, who received conservative therapy after adenoidectomy, including: antibacterial therapy (in the age-specific doses) (third-generation cephalosporins); topical decongestants (in the age-specific doses); silver proteinate (nasal drops in age-specific doses); secondand third-generation antihistamines (in the age-specific doses). In both groups, the course of postoperative therapy amounted to 7 days. The clinical studies have shown that in the early postoperative period the clinical efficacy of Umckalor as part of combined therapy in children, who underwent adenoidectomy, involves reducing the duration of reactive events, accelerating the healing of the postoperative nasopharynx wound. The combined antiviral, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, mucolytic and secretory-motor effect of the drug allows Umckalor to be used as an alternative to antibacterial drugs as part of combined therapy in children who underwent adenoidectomy.

Nasal congestion in adults and children remains a major challenge in otorhinolaryngology. Nasal breathing difficulty is one of the most common complaints of patients visiting otorhinolaryngologists. The main causes of nasal congestion are acute upper respiratory tract viral infections, manifested, for example, by acute rhinitis. [1]

Chronic pharyngitis is one of the most common diseases in ENT practice. [1] Experts have not yet come to a consensus on how to treat chronic pharyngitis. The search for combination drugs which are effective in the treatment of chronic pharyngitis is determined, first, by an attempt to prevent polypharmacy and complications caused by treatment, and, second, by the problem of antibiotic resistance. The role of medications with combined action, including the immunomodulating effect, cannot be overestimated. One of the most commonly used drugs today is Tonsilgon® N (Bionorica SE, Germany). [2]

Oral and oropharyngeal dysbiosis is characterized by a decrease in quality and quantity of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi) that are normally found in the mouth, and the emergence of other types of microorganisms which are not typical for the biotope. According to foreign authors, more than 700 species of bacteria and other microorganisms are found in the human oral cavity which can form complex polymicrobial associations ("biofilms") at various biotic and abiotic surfaces of anatomical structures located in the oral cavity and oropharynx [1, 2].

The article discusses the features of clinical pattern of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses of various etiologies. The article also describes the scheme of treatment of rhinitis and sinusitis of infectious and noninfectious nature. The article provides a detailed description of the place of the drugs with anti-inflammatory and antihistamine effect, such as cetirizine in the treatment of this group of diseases.

On the premises of the SBUE Sverzhevsky Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Otorhinolaryngology we examined 30 patients at the age from 21 to 53 years with a deviated nasal septum (IIT), vasomotor rhinitis (n = 10), a cyst of the maxillary sinus (n = 10) and chronic tonsillitis (TAF. I, II, n = 10). All patients were admitted for planned surgical procedures - septoplasty with vasotomy of inferior turbinates, the endonasal maxillectomy and tonsillectomy under combined endotracheal narcosis. Clinical studies demonstrate safety, efficacy and ease of use of the drug Umckalor in this category of patients. Umckalor effectively eliminates subjective symptoms of nasal breathing obstruction, pain when swallowing, accelerates normalization of nasal breathing, mucosilia transport and indicators of intratympanic pressure and can be recommended for treatment in the postoperative period in patients undergoing surgical treatment for septoplasty and bilateral tonsillectomy.