The formation conditions of the Paleogene–Neogene metalliferous coals have been studied under conditions of activated tectonic movements in the junction zone of the Turan Block and Zeya–Bureya Basin. A keyboard structure of the block hosting the Selemdzha–Tom and Arkhara grabens, which are divided by the Bureya Horst limited by a systems of NE-trending strike-slip faults, has been established. It is shown that the most favorable conditions for the accumulation of ore trace elements in coals were provided by submerged areas of the block due to erosion of the Late Cretaceous ore-bearing chemical weathering mantles. Trace elements migrated via a paleohydronetwork, which drained the grabens and adjacent sedimentation troughs of the eastern margin of the Zeya–Bureya Basin. The ore material was transported to the areas of coal accumulation mostly in the dissolved and clastic forms, which is evident from the similar elemental composition of coals of the Zeya–Bureya Basin and geochemical anomalies of the Turan Block.

The conditions for the formation of Paleogene-Neogene metalliferous coals in a setting of tectonic movement intensification in the zone of junction between the Turan massif and Zeya-Bureya basin have been studied. The massif with the Selemdzha-Tomsk and Arkhara grabens separated by the Bureya horst and bounded by the systems of northeastern strike-slip faults was found to have a keyboard structure. The research showed that the most favorable conditions for the ore microcomponent accumulation in coals through the erosion of the Late Cretaceous ore-bearing chemical residue were within the submerged blocks of the massif. The paleodrainage system carrying microcomponents drained the grabens and the associated sedimentary sub-basins of the Zeya-Bureya basin eastern margin. Ore components were transported mainly in solution and as solid clasts to the areas of coal accumulation as evidenced by the resemblance of the elementary composition of coals in the Zeya-Bureya basin and geochemical anomalies of the Turan massif.

The concept of the role of the biosphere in the evolution of the Earth is proposed and confirmed by calculations. According to this concept, in the prebiosphere period, a shell structure was formed, the global convection occurred in the form of tectonics of small plates, and the absence of continents excluded the involvement of water in the oxidation of igneous rocks. In the biosphere period, photosynthetic organisms began to supply free oxygen and organic matter (OM) to the environment. Oxygen began to take part in the geochemical processes of ore conversion, the formation of the nitrogen–oxygen composition of the atmosphere, and the generation of granitoids from volcanic rock. Global systems for the generation of granitoids of the continental crust and hydrocarbons (HCs), which are formed during subduction–collision absorption of the oceanic crust, have been identified for the first time. On the transit route to the Benioff zone, granites are melted out from oxygen-enriched halmyrolysis products and the thermal metamorphism of OM yields solid allotropic carbon compounds, oil, and combustible and other gases and is accompanied by the release of OM decomposition energy. This is one of the ways to convert biosphere solar energy into the endodynamic processes of the evolution of the Earth. The average annual precipitation of the primary OM in the ocean is 785.5 Mt, and 1.7 km 3 of the continental crust are generated. Over the biosphere period, the World Ocean became shallower by 904.5 million km 2 . Geodynamic and geophysical processes, primarily global convection, in conjunction with biosphere factors, have resulted in the current state of the Earth’s shells and the existence of HCs and continental-crust generation systems in them.

Проанализированы углеводородные системы, соответствующие теориям минерального и органического происхождения нефти и газа. Углеводородная система минерального (абиогенного) происхождения предполагает синтез нефти и газа в результате глобальной дегазации ядра, мантии, астеносферы. Углеводородная система органического (биосферного) генезиса нефти и газа основана на предположении генерации из органического вещества геологических осадков в условиях конвективного погружения. На основе системного подхода сделан вывод о глубинном происхождении нефти и газа из органического вещества океанических осадков, которые достигают верхней мантии при субдукции и коллизии и подвергаются метаморфизму на трассе погружения поглощаемой океанической литосферы. Флюиды метаморфизма органики фильтруются к дневной поверхности через субдукционно-коллизионную кровлю, в которой образуются скопления нефти и газа. Ориентирами размещения прогнозируемых проявлений служат шовные зоны, АКО террейнов, аккреционные призмы, что необходимо учитывать при планировании поисковых работ.