Non-lactational mastitis is an inflammatory process in the breast tissue that is not associated with lactation. The detection of a malignant transformation during inflammation process is often difficult, because it has similar clinical manifestations. Medical approach depends on the characteristics of the processes which are received from the data obtained from radiation diagnostic methods: whether or not there is a nodular formation or infiltrate, cystic cavities, dilatation of the ducts, how the axillary lymph nodes are changed. Diagnostic errors in inflammatory breast diseases are quite common; according to the literature, errors in the interpretation of clinical, mammographic, and ultrasound signs of cancer during inflammation account for up to 53.1% of cases. Inflammation, as well as cancer, in majority of cases is accompanied by a visually detectable increase in blood flow due to proliferation and neoangiogenesis. Magnetic resonance imaging with dynamic contrast enhancement (MRI) is highly sensitive in detecting areas with increased vascularization and makes it possible to assess their nature with a high degree of probability during any changes in the structure of the breast tissue, including edema and inflammatory infiltration. MR signs that allow to make differential diagnosis are a combination of pathological accumulation and lymphadenopathy, which are coded by the BIRADS system as category 4 and only the absence of contrast agent accumulation may suggest an inflammatory nature of the changes. According to the literature, MRI-DCE is a highly sensitive diagnostic method of identifying cancer during inflammation processes. The results of 85 MR studies with clinical manifestations of non-lactational mastitis were analyzed.The purpose of study: is to evaluate the possibilities of magnetic resonance mammography in making a differential diagnosis of non-lactational mastitis and breast cancer.

Aim: Studying, statistical processing and classification of complications that arose after breast augmentation with silicone gel implants. Material and methods. Complex clinic-radiological examination of 590 women after a breast augmentation with silicone gel implants was performed. Various complications after breast augmentation were diagnosed in 223 (37.8%) cases. Radiology examination included X-ray mammography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (X-ray, US and MRI). Results. The analysis of the data obtained allowed us to divide all the identified complications of breast augmentation into 3 groups depending on the etiology and pathogenesis of their occurrence. Conclusion. The proposed classification of complications of breast augmentation using silicone gel implants, based on their etiology and pathogenesis, will allow to choose the optimal treatment method predicting its efficiency.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most effective method of diagnosing breast pathology due to its high resolution in the study of soft tissues and high sensitivity based on the contrast effect. There is still no consensus on the choice of the optimal method of examination of patients after mastectomy and breast reconstruction. Changes in breast tissue that are associated with surgery and radiation therapy cause difficulties in interpreting mammographic and ultrasound images. MRI using a high-field tomograph (> 1 T), a specialized coil and a paramagnetic contrast agent is highly informative in the detection and differential diagnosis of recurrent formations against the background of infiltrative and scarring changes.

The improvement of methods of radiation diagnostics has led to an increase in the frequency of detection of breast cancer in the early stages. According to our study (a retrospective analysis of data from 195 MRM with DKU), the results of studies of women with a histologically verified diagnosis of intra-ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). For formations of more than 5 mm in 60 %, we obtained reliable criteria for the malignant process (contrast capture of more than 100 % for type II-III, the presence of feeding arteries). Various contrast zones without / or with the presence of less than 5 mm formation in 10–20 % of in situ carcinomas had a pattern of accumulation similar to benign proliferative changes, a statistically significant criterion was the strengthening of the vasculature on MIP reconstruction around the contrast zone, which in 31 % of cases coincided with the areas of accumulation of atypical microcalcinates detected in mammography (BI-RADS 4). MR mammography with dynamic contrast enhancement, having a high sensitivity in detecting vascularized areas, allows us to assess their nature with a high degree of probability against the background of any types of breast tissue structure.

A case of acute oral poisoning by 1.4-butanediol, complicated by the development of severe hypoxia in a 34-year-old patient actively engaged in bodybuilding, is presented. The psychoactive substance was used by the patient to increase sexual activity and physical stamina. The duration of systematic daily intake was 4 months. The toxicogenic stage of acute poisoning was caused by a single dose of 50 ml of undiluted 13% 1.4-butanediol together with ethanol, manifested by convulsive syndrome, depression of consciousness to the level of coma II, acute respiratory failure with aspiration syndrome, respiratory acidosis (pH 7.22; partial pressure carbon dioxide 61.2 mm Hg), lactic acidosis up to 7 mmol / L, hyperammonemia up to 240 μmol / L, cerebral edema (decrease in white matter density to 21.6 ± 1.7 HU units), loss of vascular tone resistance (pareso arterioles) and a significant increase in cerebral blood flow rate to 115 ± 20.1 ml / 100 g per minute, increasing the volume of extracellular fluid (+ 130% of the proper volumes). Intensive therapy was complex, including infusion and detoxification therapy, correction of acid-base disorders, hypoxic disorders by using a substrate antihypoxant (Cytoflavin) in a daily dosage of 0.57 ml / kg body weight daily, for 9 days. The article discusses the toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of 1.4-butanediol, radiation diagnostics and the clinical picture of acute poisoning, the features of its course, and pathogenetic approaches to therapy.

The article deals with the results of radiological and clinical laboratory testing of 108 victims treated in «St. Petersburg research Institute of emergency care named after I. I. Dzhanelidze», in the period from 2015 to 2017, with associated trauma of the spine. The patients developed suppurative-inflammatory diseases and their complications. CT diagnosis of purulent-inflammatory diseases of the spine combined injury. In addition, the article presents literature data about the use of radiologic methods of examination (x-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) purulent-inflammatory diseases of the spine and their complications.