Описан модуль широкополосного двухканального регистратора формы импульсных сигналов, построенный на основе 12-разрядных аналого-цифровых преобразователей с максимальным значением частоты дискретизации 500 МГц. Цифровой блок регистратора реализован на элементах программируемой логической матрицы FPGA, что позволяет программно изменять функциональное назначение его базовых узлов. Прибор оснащен буферным запоминающим устройством объемом 3М отсчетов/канал и встроенным каналом связи Ethernet-10/100, поддерживающим процедуры командного и информационного обмена с сервером, а также процедуру удаленной загрузки конфигурационного файла в FPGA. Прибор ориентирован на использование в составе многоканальных измерительных систем, обеспечивающих синхронную регистрацию и предварительную обработку данных в режиме реального времени в нейтронных, спектроскопических, лазерных и иных диагностиках, применяемых при проведении исследований в области физики плазмы и управляемого термоядерного синтеза. Приведены примеры использования регистратора в подобных приложениях.

Описывается адаптивный к виду сцинтиллятора скоростной -спектрометр, способный формировать в последовательности временных окон в режиме реального времени (с разрешением < 4% в диапазоне 20 кэВ–10 МэВ) энергетический спектр -квантов при интенсивности их потока до 106 событий/с. Для разделения наложенных событий и корректного формирования спектров в приборе используются процедуры оцифровки сигнала детектора 14-разрядным а.ц.п. с частотой дискретизации 64 МГц и потоковой обработки формируемых им отсчетов в режиме реального времени.

The data recording system of a multichannel double-pass dispersion interferometer based on a CO2 laser is described. This system has been designed to record the linear density of plasmas in a real-time mode with a time discreteness of 4 μs and resolution 〈N e L〉 ∼ 0.34 × 1013 cm−2 (N e is the electron component of the plasma density, and L is the plasma size in the wave propagation direction) in the range of linear density variations of up to 1017 cm−2. The system is built from unified recording modules that use fast ADCs to record the shape of photodetector and modulator signals and FPGA-based digital units of dataflow processing to form results of measurements. The single-channel recording module of the dispersion interferometer has been tested under actual experimental conditions of the GDL gas-dynamic trap and the TEXTOR tokamak (Julich, Germany).

A double-pass dispersion interferometer based on a 9.6-µm CO2 laser with a sensitivity of 〈 n e l〉min ∼ 1 × 1013 cm−2 and a temporal resolution of ∼50 µ s, designed to measure linear plasma density, is described. A ZnGeP2 nonlinear crystal is used as the frequency doubler. The main advantages of the interferometer are its compactness and a low sensitivity to vibrations of optical elements. The interferometer requires no special vibration isolation. Its main components are arranged compactly on an optical bench outside the apparatus, except for a window for radiation injection and a retroreflector; these are mounted on the wall of the experimental facility's vacuum chamber. The advantages of the dispersion interferometer have been demonstrated in an experiment with a gas-dynamic trap.

Using the upgrading of the measuring system of the GOL-3 plasma facility as an example, the structure of hardware and software environment developed for data-acquisition systems of large pulse electrophysical plants is considered. The equipment is built into 3U-size 19-inch subracks. The control computers are connected to the measuring equipment via standard network facilities (Ethernet-10/100 interface and TCP/IP protocol). At present, we have begun making basic diagnostic measurements using the ADC1250/32 multichannel synchronous data-acquisition systems.

На примере модернизации измерительного комплекса плазменной установки ГОЛ-3 рассматривается структура аппаратных и программных средств, разработанных для систем регистрации и сбора экспериментальной информации крупных импульсных электрофизических установок. Оборудование выполнено в каркасах механического стандарта “Евромеханика” 3U. Связь управляющих компьютеров с измерительным оборудованием осуществляется при помощи стандартных сетевых средств (интерфейс Ethernet-10/100 и протокол TCP/IP). В настоящее время начат перевод основных диагностик на измерения при помощи многоканальных синхронных систем сбора данных ADC1250/32.

The simultaneously sampling data acquisition system contains 16 eight-channel modules, which record the shapes of single pulse signals, and the controller module of the system bus of the Eurocrate, which interacts with the basic computer of the diagnostic complex via an Ethernet-FX communication line supported by TCP/IP protocols. The recording modules are based on 12-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADC). The ADC samples are fixed in buffer storage units with a capacity of up to 1 Mword/channel. The current amplitudes of the input signals are measured simultaneously in all recording channels with a time jitter of ∼3 ns. The maximum sampling frequency is below 4 MHz.

The discriminator is intended for the plasma density recording systems based on optical heterodyne interferometry. The discriminator has a high phase resolution (10–3 rad) and a virtually unlimited dynamic range in a modulation band of up to one-half of the carrier frequency (1 MHz). These features allow one to use the discriminator for recording phase shifts caused by both slow and fast plasma-density fluctuations on setups with high levels of thermal and mechanical influences on the interferometer.

The backbone of the system is an eight-channel recording module based on a unique circuit of a precision phase detector with a resolution of <0.5 mrad at a 1-MHz carrier frequency and in a 0- to 500-kHz modulation band. The dynamic range of each channel of the recording module varies from –250 to +250 rad.

The system is intended for recording data in the multichannel diagnostic sections of experimental plasma facilities. It contains eight four-channel modules that record the shapes of single pulse signals, a controller module of the system bus of the crate, a fiber-optic communication line, and an interface card for connection to the ISA bus of a personal computer. The recording modules are based on 12-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) with a sampling frequency of up to 50 MHz, ensuring a conversion accuracy equal to the least significant bit in a band of the input signal of up to 20 MHz. The ADC samples are fixed in 32-Kword/channel buffer storage units with a page organization. The current values of the amplitude of the input signals in all of the recording channels are measured simultaneously with a time jitter of no more than 0.2 ns. The software selects an amplitude conversion scale and a zero offset voltage value for each recording channel, as well as the current value of the sampling frequency for all the channels.

A data acquisition system containing up to four multichannel galvanically insulated modules capable of recording the shapes of single pulse signals is described. The recording modules are built on 12-bit ADC with sampling frequencies of 0.5 and 40 MHz and connected by serial fiber-optic communication lines to an interface board, which connects them to an ISA bus. The system is intended for the multichannel diagnostic sections of plasma setups.

Two modifications of multichannel recorders of single pulses employing AD9058 parallel 8-bit analog-to-digital converters are described. These devices cover a sampling rate range from 25 kHz to 200 MHz with a +/-0.5% accuracy up to 10-MHz frequency band of the input signal and comply with the CAMAC standard.