A proton injector based on electron cyclotron resonance is described. It can operate for a long time without the need to apply a high voltage to its power-supply equipment without providing a coolant. For a supplied microwave power of ~150 W, the extracted ion current in a continuous mode was 17 mA at an energy of 45 keV and a proton content of 68%. The proton-beam divergence was 0.4°, and the normalized rms emittance was ε = 0.13π mm mrad.

An overview of studies into the physics and technology of ion and neutral beams carried out at the Bunker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS since 1960 up to now is presented. These studies were initiated by Academician G I Budker for the charge-exchange injection of particles into storage rings. Sub-sequently, a whole series of ion sources were created and particle beams were produced for applications in accelerators and plasma devices for plasma heating and diagnostics.

Injection of high-power flows of high-energy neutral atoms is often required in modern facilities designed for fusion research. At energies of several hundreds keV, obtaining neutral atom flows is ineffective and converting them from negative ion beams is expedient. The efficiency of negative-ion production increases by many times if a cesium film is applied to the surface on which negative ions are produced. An optimized system of distributed cesium feeding is described. Using this system, it is possible to transport cesium vapor through large distances and its uniform application to large-area emitting surfaces in high-power sources of negative hydrogen ions.

The long-pulse multiaperture surface-plasma source with negative ion production on a cesiated grid is under construction at Budker Institute. The ion source includes RF plasma driver, an expansion chamber with multicusp magnetic filed, an external magnetic filter and a four-electrode ion-optical system for beam extraction and acceleration. The projected parameters of the ion source are: beam current 1.5 A, beam energy 120 keV, pulse duration 100 s, RF power in plasma 40 kW, hydrogen filling pressure < 0.5 Pa, e/H− ratio 1:1, H− ions emission current density 30 mA/cm2.

Erosion of copper target irradiated by deuterium ion beam with ultimate fluence is studied. The target originally destined for neutron generation represents bulk copper substrate covered by 3-\mum titanium layer. The target was irradiated by deuterium ion beam generated in Bayard-Alpert type ion source with energy of ions 17.5 keV/nuclear. Maximal fluence in the center of the target achieves 2.5x10^23atoms/cm^2. Measurements of the profile of irradiated target and estimation of fluence shows that physical sputtering is a dominating process that determines the target erosion Most interesting feature is growth of \mum-size tadpole-shaped structures, localized in the cracks of the surface. RFA analysis of these structures showed extremely large (up to 60%at.) carbon content.

Formation of blisters on the surfaces of metal targets made of the selected materials was studied. The targets were irradiated by 100-200 keV, 1-2 mA proton beam up to the doses above 10(24) m(-2). Real-time monitoring of the target surface was performed with a set of in situ optical surface diagnostics that allows detection of the moment of blisters appearance.The overview of experimental setup and the results of testing of different materials are presented. The number and the size of blisters gradually increase during the irradiation. Critical fluence of blistering strongly depends on the target temperature, proton energy and surface machining method. The features of blistering under the proton beam irradiation and the effects of hydrogen diffusion and interaction with the target lattice are discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Pilot innovative facility for neutron capture therapy was built at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk. This facility is based on a compact vacuum insulation tandem accelerator (VITA) which is designed to produce proton current up to 10 mA. Epithermal neutrons are proposed to be generated by 1.915 MeV protons bombarding a lithium target using Li(p, n)Be threshold reaction. Experiments on neutron generation have been started in the March of 2008. Gamma-ray spectrometer based on NaI scintillator was used for measuring gamma rays emitted by lithium under the action of protons, and by other nuclei under the action of neutrons. The gamma-ray spectrometer was calibrated by radioactive sources Со, Cs, Be and K. This spectrometer was used as activation detector due to capture of epithermal neutrons by iodine also. Bubble detectors were used for registration of fast and thermal neutrons. Total yield of neutrons was defined by Be activity. Simulation of flux and spectrum of both gamma-ray and neutrons at 50 μm lithium thickness and 1.915 MeV proton beam were performed by means of PRIZMA code. Calculation of speed of detector activation had been carried out. In the report the results of the first experiments on neutron generation and results of simulations are presented and discussed. Prospect of accelerator based facility and near threshold regime of neutron generation for boron neutron capture therapy had been confirmed by current experiment. The immediate plans of target improvement and using of time-of-flight technique for neutron spectra measurement are declared.

To provide basic operations of semiconductor and radiation materials technologies, a multipurpose implanter with intense ion beams was developed at the Institute of Nuclear Physics. The generated beamparameters are as follows: ions are H+, O+; C+; the ion energy is up to 200 keV; the beam current is up to 2 mA; and the implantation mode is continuous. The size of the target to be processed can reach 76 × 76 mm2. During the implanter operation, the target chamber vacuum reaches 10−4 Pa. The entire process of target irradiation is fully automated.

A new vacuum-insulated tandem accelerator capable of producing a 5-mA proton beam with energy up to 2 MeV was used to produce a mono-energetic beam of 9.17-MeV gamma rays from the resonant production reaction, 13C(p,γ)14N, at 1.76 MeV. A graphite target enriched with 13C capable of withstanding the proton beam power was designed and fabricated. The 9.17-MeV gamma rays were subsequently resonantly absorbed in 14N via the inverse reaction, 14N(γ,p)13C. The data acquisition system to measure the resonance absorption in nitrogen includes a BGO detector and a goniometer and collimator assembly that rotate around the axis produced by the intersection of the proton beam and the production target. The accuracy of rotation of the detector around the target is approximately 0.1°. The results of the resonance gamma ray absorption measurements are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the method to sensitively and selectively detect high concentrations of nitrogen, comparable to those found in most explosives.

Present status of the accelerator mass spectrometry facility at BINP is described. The results of first experiments for (14)C selection and background measurements are presented.

_____________ 1 The work was partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 08-02-13570). Abstract – Formation of blisters in metal targets irradiated by intense proton beam was studied. Targets made of different materials were irradiated by 100–200 keV, 1–2 mA proton beam up to fluencies more than 10 20 cm –2 . One of the features of presented experiments is a set of in-situ optical surface diagnostics that allows real-time monitoring of surface conditions and detection of the moment of blisters appearance. Overview of the experimental setup and results of testing of different materials are presented. Unlike most publications concerned blistering we observe gradual increase of number and size of blisters during the irradiation. Critical fluence of blistering strongly depends on target temperature, proton energy and surface machining method. The measured values of blistering fluence for several materials are presented. Features of blistering under the proton beam irradiation and effects of hydrogen diffusion and interaction with target lattice are discussed.

The results of the tandem commissioning as initial high voltage tests and beam injection experiments on BINP proton tandem-accelerator are given. The accelerator is intended to be used in facilities generating resonant gamma rays for explosives detection and epithermal neutrons for boron neutron-capture therapy of brain tumors. A magnetically coupled DC voltage multiplier derived from an industrial ELVtype electron accelerator is used as a high voltage source for the accelerator. A dc high-current negative ion source has been developed for injection into the tandem. In the tandem accelerator there is set of nested potential electrodes with openings which form a channel for accelerating the negative hydrogen ion beam and subsequently accelerating the proton beam after stripping in the gas target. The electrodes are connected to a high voltage feedthrough insulator to which required potentials are applied from the high voltage power supply by means of a resistor voltage divider.

Present status of an accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) facility at BINP is described. The AMS facility with addition electric and magnetic analyzers into a terminal of a tandem accelerator is designed for precise analyses of carbon isotopes at extremely low concentration levels.

The cesium sputter and Penning negative ion sources were developed and built for isotopic analysis of solid and gas samples by accelerator mass spectrometry. The results of test experiments with ion sources are presented.

New electron cooling device was constructed for LEIR accumulator ring according to ILHC project at CERN. The cooler was designed, manufactured and completely tested with electron beam at BINP (Novosibirsk, Russia). Special features of the device and the results obtained are presented in the paper.

УСКОРИТЕЛЬ-ТАНДЕМ С ВАКУУМНОЙ ИЗОЛЯЦИЕЙ КАК ОСНОВА МЕДИЦИНСКОГО КОМПЛЕКСА ДЛЯ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ЗЛОКАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ ОПУХОЛЕЙ МЕТОДОМ БОРНЕЙТРОНОЗАХВАТНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ И ТАМОЖЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА ДЛЯ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ОБНАРУЖЕНИЯ ВЗРЫВЧАТЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВВ статье описана конструкция и области применения оригинального протонного ускорителя с вакуумной изо

A device developed at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP) to measure with a high precision the direction of the magnetic field lines in the vicinity of the solenoid axis is described. The transverse field components are automatically measured by a small (<15 cm3 in volume) compass-based sensor during its motion along the axis. The sensor's absolute sensitivity is ∼0.1–0.9 mG and is limited only by external vibration noise. The upper bound of this range (∼1 G) is governed by the current in the circuits producing the fields that compensate for the local misalignments of the field lines. The capabilities of the device are illustrated by the results from adjusting the solenoid fields in electron coolers recently built by the BINP. The procedures used to do this are described. The feasibility of obtaining the highest-quality field is shown. For one plant with a field intensity of ∼1 kG, the rms deviation of the field lines from the axis is <10−5 rad within a length of 3 m.

The project of creation of first Russian accelerator mass-spectrometer at BINP is described. The scheme of AMS includes two types of ion sources (sputter and gaseous ones), low energy beam line with analyzers, electrostatic tandem accelerator with terminal voltage up to 2 MV and magnesium vapors stripper. Also it includes the high energy beam line with analyzers and final detector. The results of first experiments with ion sources are given also.