Results of morphological studies of brain after acute poisoning with ethanol and its correction with combination of molixan and semax are reported. 40% ethanol solution was intragastrically administered at a dose of 12 g / kg, which corresponded to 1.5 LD50. Semax was intranasally administered in a dose of 3 mg / kg. Molixan was administrated intraperitoneally in a dose of 30 mg / kg. The efficacy of peptide drugs was evaluated according to four application schemes: prophylactic (once 1 hour before ethanol), prophylactic and treatment (1 h prior to and immediately after administration of ethanol), early treatment (immediately after administration of ethanol and then once daily for 2 consecutive days), and delayed treatment (30 min after administration of ethanol and then once daily for 2 consecutive days). The preparation of material for the morphological study was performed 1 hour, 3 hours, 1 day and 3 days after modeling of alcohol intoxication. It was found out that ethanol at a dose of 1.5 LD50 causes congestion and stasis in the blood vessels of the pia mater, plasma-mpregnation of endothelium, microvascular damage to the blood-brain barrier that is followed by increase in their permeability, penetration of erythrocytes outside blood vessel walls, perivascular edema in brain tissue, change in shape and size of neurons (wrinkling of neurons). It was shown that the prophylactic and treatment application of the molixan and semax combination causes a reduction of ethanol toxic effects, which is manifested in significantly decreased plasmorrhagia severity and in the absence of wrinkled neurons.

In experiments on rats, influence of preventive administration of sulfur containing radioprotectors (cystamine, gammaphos), agonists of α 2 adrenoreceptors (indraline, naphthyzin) and immunomodulators (prodigiosane, betaleukine) on reparative processes in local (due β or X-ray irradiation) and combined radiation injures (general irradiation with superficial or deep radiation skin burns) is investigated. It is established that aminothiols and adrenomimetics show their radioprotective efficiency only in superficial radiation burns, with the most expressed wound healing action for cystamine. In combined radiation injures including superficial skin burns, reparative processes are accelerated when using cystamine, naphthyzin and betaleukine; in injures combined with deep radiation burns – when using cystamine or betaleukine.

Results of the investigation into biochemical indices of blood serum, liver and brain homogenates of rats at acute ethyl alcohol poisoning, using peptide preparations molixan and semax are reported. 40 % ethanol solution was intragastrically administrated in a dose of 12 g/kg that corresponds to 1.5 LD50. Molixan was administered intraabdominally in a dose of 30 mg/kg and semax intranasally in a dose of 3 mg/kg. The preparations efficacy was evaluated using of therapeutic and prophylactic (an hour before and just after administration of ethanol) application scheme. The evaluation of biochemical parameters was performed 3 hours, 1 day and 3 days after modeling of the alcohol intoxication. It was found out that acute ethanol poisoning induced cytolytic and cholestatic hepatitis syndromes in poisoned animals, as well as increased oxidative stress processes which varied time-dependently after administration of ethanol. The therapeutic and preventive application of molixan and semax had a positive impact on the dynamics of indicators characterizing metabolism, hepatic cytolysis and increased the amount of reduced glutathione and significantly lowered malondialdehyde in the tissues of poisoned animals as well.

A comparative assessment of new peptide drugs with a common molecular structure Acetyl–Lys–Lys–Arg–Arg–amide (index KK) and molixan as correction means for CNS functional disorders evolving in toxicogenic and somatogenic stages in ethanol-intoxicated rats is presented. 40% ethanol was delivered intragastrically in a dose of 1 LD 50 (8 g/kg). Peptides KK 1 and KK 10 were administrated intranasally in a dose of 40 mkg/kg, molixan has been injected intraabdominally in a single dose of 30 mg/kg, 30 min. after the intoxication onset. It was found out that 1 LD 50 dose of ethanol delivered to rats at the intoxication toxicogenic stage disturbs the neurological status and also leads to their 44% death and delivered at the somatogenic stage, ethanol causes impairments in survived rats memory, ability to training and physical activity over two weeks after intoxication onset. When acute alcohol intoxication was corrected with peptide preparations KK 1 and KK 10 , the rats survival was 100% and 88% when molixan was used. Along with it, the therapeutic introduction of KK 1 and KK 10 peptides allowed to avoid the emergency of states classified as “coma” and posed anti-amnesic effect. The use of KK line peptides and molixan accelerates restoration rates of learning ability, physical endurance and motor coordination in poisoned animals by 1.5-2 times.

Установлено, что на фоне введения крысам генистеина в дозе 200 мг/кг за 1 ч до облучения уровень содержания в крови нейтрофилов к 1-м сут исследования превышал показатели контроля в 1.32 раза, а к 7-м сут – в 1.53 раза. На 3-и и 7-е сут наблюдения у защищенных генистеином животных регистрировали повышение числа тромбоцитов в 2.25 и 2.33 раза соответственно по сравнению с группой контроля. Содержание интерлейкина-1 (ИЛ-1) у защищенных генистеином животных через 3 ч после радиационного воздействия повышалось в 1.25 раза, а ИЛ-2 – в 1.21 раза. Через 72 ч после облучения у животных на фоне введения им генистеина содержание ИЛ-1 было в 1.35 выше, чем в контроле. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют, что синтетический генистеин обладает гемо- и иммуностимулирующими эффектами, которые лежат в основе радиорезистентности облученного организма.

The article provides an overview of published scientific data about toxic chemical compounds formed during thermal degradation of various materials. In case of fire the complex of physical and chemical factors affect the human, along with injuries, thermal burns of the skin and respiratory tract there is a lack of oxygen in the inspired air and the impact of thermal degradation products. The greatest number of deaths in.a fire due to the inhalation by the victims smoke and toxic gases. The impact of the combination of toxic substances leads to the development of various forms of toxic process. The main causes of poisoning at the fires due to the effects of toxic substances and substances which can cause structural and functional disorders of the respiratory organ. Intoxication manifestations by some of them appear already in the fire zone, in other cases, in cases of poisoning by the compounds of the slow motion, there is the latent period of of intoxication. Knowledge of the spectrum of toxic products thermal destruction on the human during the fire, it is necessary to develop approaches to improve medical care and creation of tools of medical protection.