OBJECTIVE: the assessment of potential benefits of implementing hardware technologies, available for supply in the Russian Armed Forces to hold mass rapid screening test of servicemen for RNA virus SARS-CoV-2 by PCR on «endpoint» in field conditions.MATERIALS AND METHODS: PCR on «endpoint» was applied according to the protocol of RNA virus detection by the set of test system PCR-RV «PolivirSARS-CoV-2» with extraction reagent «RNA-express», joint production of LLC NPF «Litech» and the Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine FMBA. The biomaterial for the research was 157 samples of nasal-pharyngeal smears, taken from patients with clinical symptoms of respiratory disease who had contacts with COVID-19. Statistics. The data received from pilot studies had standard statistical processing in the program «Statistica 6,0». Non-parametric Pearson’s chi-square (c2) criteria was used to assess the significance of different observation frequencies of the studied feature in independent groups. Probability p≤0,05 and higher was considered sufficient to conclude statistical importance of the differences received.RESULTS: It is stated that out of 157 biomaterial samples, assessed for the content of SARS-CoV-2 virus’s genetic markers by PCR on «endpoint» and PCR «Realtime», 141 and 146 samples, respectively, turned out to be positive. In addition, there were no statistically important differences between the received data in these methods (c2=1,013, р=0,31).DISCUSSION: It is shown that comparative characteristics of the studied methods in laboratory SARS-Соv-2 virus diagnostics suggested the possibility of detecting specific segment of the virus genome by PCR «endpoint» technology, using expendable reagents, made for PCR «Realtime».

The publication presents the experience of organizing the introduction of PCR diagnostics methods into everyday laboratory practice. The main stages of redevelopment and equipping the laboratory with the necessary equipment, consumables and personal protective equipment for employees are highlighted. The necessity of regular organization of specialized conferences and symposia with the involvement of military bacteriologists and specialists in laboratory diagnostics of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, both remotely and in person. The preliminary results of the laboratory’s work on the etiological diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection have been analyzed. So, along with official statistics for all regions of the Russian Federation, the increase in the incidence of COVID-19 in Crimea and the city of Sevastopol among the military and civilian population occurred in the fall of 2020. There were revealed comparable indicators of positive test results from among the studies carried out in our laboratory with the data on Crimea and Russia as a whole.

The publication presents the experience of organizing the introduction of PCR diagnostics methods into everyday laboratory practice. The main stages of redevelopment and equipping the laboratory with the necessary equipment, consumables and personal protective equipment for employees are highlighted. The necessity of regular organization of specialized conferences and symposia with the involvement of military bacteriologists and specialists in laboratory diagnostics of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, both remotely and in person. The preliminary results of the laboratory’s work on the etiological diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection have been analyzed. So, along with official statistics for all regions of the Russian Federation, the increase in the incidence of COVID-19 in Crimea and the city of Sevastopol among the military and civilian population occurred in the fall of 2020. There were revealed comparable indicators of positive test results from among the studies carried out in our laboratory with the data on Crimea and Russia as a whole.

Results of the investigation into biochemical indices of blood serum, liver and brain homogenates of rats at acute ethyl alcohol poisoning, using peptide preparations molixan and semax are reported. 40 % ethanol solution was intragastrically administrated in a dose of 12 g/kg that corresponds to 1.5 LD50. Molixan was administered intraabdominally in a dose of 30 mg/kg and semax intranasally in a dose of 3 mg/kg. The preparations efficacy was evaluated using of therapeutic and prophylactic (an hour before and just after administration of ethanol) application scheme. The evaluation of biochemical parameters was performed 3 hours, 1 day and 3 days after modeling of the alcohol intoxication. It was found out that acute ethanol poisoning induced cytolytic and cholestatic hepatitis syndromes in poisoned animals, as well as increased oxidative stress processes which varied time-dependently after administration of ethanol. The therapeutic and preventive application of molixan and semax had a positive impact on the dynamics of indicators characterizing metabolism, hepatic cytolysis and increased the amount of reduced glutathione and significantly lowered malondialdehyde in the tissues of poisoned animals as well.

The study was aimed to evaluate experimentally the radioprotective effectiveness of synthetic genistein in terms of the glutathione system and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes of irradiated rats. The animals were exposed to single acute X-ray irradiation at a dose of 6 Gy. Genistein was administered intraperitoneally at 200 mg/kg 1 hour before radiation exposure. The irradiation caused the initiation of lipid peroxidation in the background depletion of reduced glutathione. Decrease by 25% in the number of malondialdehyde in the rats treated with genistein was registered 5 min after irradiation compared with the control. It is established thatl day after irradiation the level of reduced glutathione in the rats treated with genistein was 26% higher. However, intraperitoneal administration of genistein did not cause statistically significant changes in the activity of glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase during the whole period of observation. The results suggest that the radioprotective effect of synthetic genistein is implemented, along with other mechanisms, by stimulating the glutathione system and reducing the severity of lipid peroxidation.

Установлено, что на фоне введения крысам генистеина в дозе 200 мг/кг за 1 ч до облучения уровень содержания в крови нейтрофилов к 1-м сут исследования превышал показатели контроля в 1.32 раза, а к 7-м сут – в 1.53 раза. На 3-и и 7-е сут наблюдения у защищенных генистеином животных регистрировали повышение числа тромбоцитов в 2.25 и 2.33 раза соответственно по сравнению с группой контроля. Содержание интерлейкина-1 (ИЛ-1) у защищенных генистеином животных через 3 ч после радиационного воздействия повышалось в 1.25 раза, а ИЛ-2 – в 1.21 раза. Через 72 ч после облучения у животных на фоне введения им генистеина содержание ИЛ-1 было в 1.35 выше, чем в контроле. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют, что синтетический генистеин обладает гемо- и иммуностимулирующими эффектами, которые лежат в основе радиорезистентности облученного организма.

In March 2015 marked the 80th anniversary of the creation of the 637th Center of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance. The date of establishment of the Centre is rooted in the pre-war period, when sanitary-epidemiological laboratories of the Black Sea Fleet were organized as a scientific and methodological institution. During the Great Patriotic War, as well as during the early postwar period, the staff of the Centre carried out valuable work on provision of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the Black Sea Fleet. Later, soldiers of the Center participated in the aftermath of the Chernobyl accident, fulfilling their international duty in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, on the island of Dahlak, as well as in the Chechen Republic during the anti-terrorist operation. During its existence, the Centre repeatedly reorganized and is now an institution that successfully solves the problem of ensuring sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the troops in the area of responsibility.

This work is devoted to the study and obtaining of new radioprotective agents based on natural flavonoid genistein and spherical amorphous nanoparticles (SANPs) produced from a mixture of birch bark triterpenoids. The physicochemical characteristics of the nanoparticles were studied by electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and UV-VIS spectroscopy. The radioprotective efficacy of the nanodrug in vivo and the possibility of its use as a radioprotective agent was shown.

Prospects of creation and use of radiomitigators--the treatment-and-prophylactic means intended for rendering medical care by the victim of influence of ionizing radiation in the earliest terms after irradiation (hours, days) are presented. It is shown that the most effective radiomitigators are found among natural biopolymers of a microbic origin (a vaccine from bacteria of enterotyphus group, preparations of lipopolysaccharide or protein-polysaccharide components of these microbes). Very perspective such preparations as desoxinate, translame and flagellin are represented. The expressed radiomitigate properties such antioxidants as a-tocopherole, xantosine, caffeine, selenium methionine, inosine, guanosine and antioxidant complexes are possess. Among steroids the greatest interest represents 5-androstenediol. Radiomitigate properties have some cytokines, for example interleukine-1beta (betaleukine), trombopoetin, stem cell factor, and also their combination with colony stimulated factors. Tasks of increase of efficiency of medical radiation protection at early stages of a radiation injures are formulated.

The study was aimed at evaluating the radioprotective effectiveness of genistein administered at different times before or after acute irradiation. Evaluation ofradioprotective efficiency was performed by studying the 30-day survival rate, life expectancy, bone marrow hemapoiesis using the method of endogenous and exogenous colony formation. We have established that genistein at a dose of 200 mg/kg when administered 1 hour prior to irradiation has the highest radioprotective efficiency. In this case, genistein protects mice against death due to X-ray radiation at doses LD(50-90/30), increasing their survival rate by 30-44%, and reduces expression of post radiation disorders of bone marrow hematopoiesis.

Проведена оценка радиозащитной эффективности отечественного синтетического препарата генистеина при его введении в разные сроки до или после радиационного воздействия путем изучения 30-суточной выживаемости, средней продолжительности жизни погибших животных, исследования костномозгового кроветворения облученных мышей в методике эндо- и экзогенного колониеобразования. Установлено, что генистеин в дозе 200 мг/кг при введении за 1 ч до облучения обладает наибольшей радиозащитной эффективностью. При этом он снижает постлучевую гибель мышей, подвергнутых рентгеновскому облучению в дозах СД50-90/30, увеличивая их выживаемость на 30–44%, а также уменьшает выраженность постлучевых нарушений костномозгового кроветворения.

Experimental studies on white outbred male mice subjected to gamma-irradiation at doses LD(80/30) have found that the therapeutic use of Litan contributes to the increase (by 40-50%) in the survival rate of the animals. Introduction to irradiated animals of Litan increases the intensity of the inclusion of 3H-thymidine in the DNA of the bone marrow cells and is associated with a growing number of splenic endogenous colonies, which can testify to the stimulating influence of the drug on the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells, as well as on the deficit restoration of full-fledged mature cell forms in the peripheral blood.