Restoring the passage of urine through the upper urinary tract routinely is achieved by installing of external or internal drainage. Due to its objective advantages, internal drainage has been successfully used in surgery of the upper urinary tract. This review outlines the problems associated with the use ofinternal stents, namely difficultyin installation, migration, and reflux and stent obstruction, bacterial colonization of the stent, the development of functional and morphological changes in the drained segment of urinary tract.

The article investigates hardness of a spiral of a nanotructural spiral stent. The stent biological and biomechanical compatibility was examined in the course of drainage of the native gullet of rats. The degree of microcirculation disorders and inflammatory changes in the gullet wall depended on hardness of the stent spiral.

Controlled draining of choledochojejunoanastomosis and pancreaticojejunoanastomosis is associated with a range of objective problems, for example, with impossibility of performing endoscopic control, especially after radical surgery on pancreaticoduodenal area. In this article we have presented results of study of mechanical characteristics of various segments of intestinal tube and urinary tracts on autopsy material and laboratory animals. There has been presented justification of stent spiral’s stiffness and possibility of its excision through the wall of hollow organ.

E-mail: shkodkin-s@mail.ru Рентгенофизиология стентированной почки изучена на кроликах. Всем испытуемым животным установлены оба стента. В до- и послеоперационном периоде производили спиральную компьютерную томографию, экскреторную урографию и рентгеновскую цистоманометрию. Применение внутренних полиуретановых стентов в эксперименте на сроках до месяца приводило к обтурации стента мочевыми солями. В контрольной группе отмечено частое развитие обструктивной уропатии со стороны стентированной почки. Использование экспериментального стента не вызвало нарушения оттока мочи. Риск развития пузырно-мочеточникового рефлюкса был более чем в четыре раза меньше, чем в контрольной группе. Оригинальное покрытие экспериментального стента предупредило кристаллизацию мочевых солей на поверхности стента. Ключевые слова: мочеточниковый стент, рефлюкс, гидронефроз, пиелонефрит.

X-ray physiologyof a stented kidney was studied in the experiment with rabbits. All animals were installed both stents. In the preand post-operative period an X-ray computed tomography, excretory urography, and X-ray cystometry were conducted. The use of internal polyurethane stents in the experiment for a period up to a month led to the stent obstruction with urinary salts. The development of obstructive uropathy of the stented kidney was frequently observed in the control group. The application of an experimental stent did not cause any disturbances of the urine outflow. The risk of vesicoureteral reflux was more than four times less than in the control group. The original covering of the experimental stent prevented from the crystallization of urinary salts on the stent surface.

The paper presents a retrospective analysis of the effectiveness of puncture nephrostomy and internal stenting in acute pyelonephritis. It shows the advantages of puncture nephrostomy.

The article presents the results of the study of anti-bacterial properties of 10 materials, 7 of which being studied for the first time. Materials were cultivated with nosocomial bacterial strains. The ability to inhibit the growth of microorganisms in a liquid medium was determined by material type and bacterium strain. The best anti-bacterial properties were observed in nanoscale coatings based on amorphous carbon and silver atomic №2.