Based on the analysis of the tectonophysical characteristics of the actual seismofocal zone (SFZ) in the lithosphere of the Kuril-Kamchatka region and adjacent Oceanic areas, we estimated the boundary conditions necessary for constructing the quantitative models of heat and mass transfer dynamics in compacted heterophase media under active volcanoes located over the mantle and crustal magmatic sources of the ocean–continent transition regions of the northwestern sector of the Pacific Ocean.The methodology of obtaining the information used for developing of the mathematical models of magmatogenic processes includes: 1) the study of individual porphyry deposits associated with active fluid volcanogenic systems; 2) the study of morphological structures using cosmic satellite images (Sharapov et al., 1980); 3) the study of mantle and crust xenoliths of volcanics (Kutyev, Sharapov, 1979; Sharapov et al., 2009, 2017, 2020); 4) parametric tectono-physical analysis of the modern SFZ of the studied region (Sharapov et al., 1984, 1992); 5) experimental modeling of the processes of deformation Earth's crust and lithospheric mantle rocks of modern SFZ (Sharapov et al., 1984, 1992); 6) construction of mathematical models of the petrogenesis under volcanoes (Sharapov et al., 2007, 2020)According to data on the structure of the Earth's crust under the Avacha volcano; (Koulakov et al., 2014), permeable zones are linear fractures 2-4 km wide, which are conductors of melts and magmatogenic fluids coming from magmatic systems (Koloskov et al., 2014).An analysis of the time characteristics of formation porphyric deposits in the active margins of the Pacific Ocean (Sharapov et al., 2013) showed that more than 70% of the described deposits are formed during the evolution of fluid mantle-crustal ore-magmatic systems. This study analyzes the data on the structure of the modern SFZ of Kamchatka and the Kuril Island arc, used in constructing a model of heat and mass transfer under volcanoes.Based on the analysis of the tectonophysical characteristics of the actual seismofocal zone (SFZ) in the lithosphere of the Kuril-Kamchatka region and adjacent Oceanic areas, we estimated the boundary conditions necessary for constructing the quantitative models of heat and mass transfer dynamics in compacted heterophase media under active volcanoes located over the mantle and crustal magmatic sources of the ocean–continent transition regions of the northwestern sector of the Pacific Ocean.TAn analysis of the time characteristics of formation porphyric deposits in the active margins of the Pacific Ocean (Sharapov et al., 2013) showed that more than 70% of the described deposits are formed during the evolution of fluid mantle-crustal ore-magmatic systems. This study analyzes the data on the structure of the modern SFZ of Kamchatka and the Kuril Island arc, used in constructing a model of heat and mass transfer under volcanoes.RNF grant 24-27-004

The problem of the introduction of heterophase magmatic melts into the conducting channels of the lithospheric mantle under the cratons of the Siberian platform has been studied numerically. The analysis of the features of the introduction of melts was carried out on the basis of a hydrodynamic model of the evolution of magmatic and fluid-magmatic systems. The mathematical model describes the two-speed dynamics of the redistribution of hot heterophase melts and magmatogenic fluids in the flow during their movement from the generation zones to the platform cover, as well as the processes of heat and mass transfer between melts and rocks in permeable zones of the lithosphere. The nature of the flow of mixtures of liquid fractions of aluminosilicate, sulfide, native and oxide liquids, in which a sub-liquid solid phase appears during movement and decompression boiling occurs, the features of heat and mass transfer processes determine the type of magmatic and magmatogenic deposits of the trap formation of the Siberian platform. The flow of magmatic melts in a wide temperature range of 300-1200 °C, the viscosity of the melt phases of 101-106 N, as well as the rate of penetration and the degree of stratification of the heterophase magmatic flow were studied. The figure shows an example of the randomization of an intrusive flow. (a) (b) An example of the development of heterogeneity in the distribution of the concentration of particles of the dispersed phase (a, m-3) and temperature (b, °C) in an initially stratified magmatic flow embedded in the host rocks. The temperature of the introduced flow is 500 °C, in the channel at the initial moment standard thermodynamic conditions; the dynamic viscosity of the melt is 102 P. The work was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 24-27-00411.

In the present study we have used a set of methods and metrics to build a graph of relative neural connections in a hippocampus of a rodent. A set of graphs was built on top of time-sequenced data and analyzed in terms of dynamics of a connection genesis. The analysis has shown that during the process of a rodent exploring a novel environment, the relations between neurons constantly change which indicates that globally memory is constantly updated even for known areas of space. Even if some neurons gain cognitive specialization, the global network though remains relatively stable. Additionally we suggest a set of methods for building a graph of cognitive neural network.

In the classical western musical tradition, the mutual simultaneous appearance of two tones in a melody is determined by harmony, i.e. the ratio of their frequencies. To perform NLP-based methods for MIDI file analysis, one needs to construct vector embeddings of chords, taking mutual harmonicity into account. Previous works utilising this idea were based on the notion of Euler's Tonnetz. Being a beautiful topological model describing consonance relations in music, the classical Tonnetz has a certain disadvantage in that it forgets particular octaves. In this paper, we introduce the mathematical generalisation of Tonnetz taking octaves into account. Based on this model, we introduce several types of metrics on chords and use them to construct chordal embeddings. These embeddings are tested on two types of tasks: the chord estimation task, based on the Harmony Transformer model, and the music generation task, provided on the basis of TonicNet.

The problem of heat–mass transfer in the permeable areas above the asthenosphere zones was numerically studied based on an examination of the inclusion content in the minerals (olivine and clinopyroxenes) of igneous and metamorphic rocks of the lithospheric mantle and the Earth’s crust; evaluations of thermodynamic conditions of the inclusion formation; and experimental modeling of the influence of hot reduced gases on rocks in the mantle beneath the Siberian craton. The flow of fluids of a certain composition from the upper-mantle magma chambers leads to the formation of zonal metasomatic columns in the ultrabasic mantle lithosphere in the permeable zones of deep faults (starting from the lithosphere base at 6–7 GPa). When petrogenic components enter from the magma pocket, depleted ultrabasic lithospheric mantle rocks change to substrates, which can be considered as the deep counterparts of crustal rodingites. Other fluid compositions result in strong calcination and pronounced salinization of the metasomatized substrates or an increase in the garnet content of the primary ultrabasic matrix. A region of alkaline rocks forms above these areas, which changes to pyroxenes, amphiboles, and biotites. The heat–mass transfer modeling for the two-velocity hydrodynamic model shows that gas–fluid and melt percolation lead to an increase in the thermal front velocity under convective heating and a pressure drop in flow. It is also shown that grospidites are considered to be eclogites, are found in the permeable zones of the lithospheric mantle columns serving as conduits for the melt/fluids and represent the products of the carbonated metasomatic columns. The carbonization caused by proto-kimberlite melts may essentially decrease the diamond grade of kimberlites due to carbon oxidation.

In present paper we discuss several approaches to reconstructing the topology of the physical space from neural activity data of CA1 fields in mice hippocampus, in particular, having Cognitome theory of brain function in mind. In our experiments, animals were placed in different new environments and discovered these moving freely while their physical and neural activity was recorded. We test possible approaches to identifying place cell groups out of the observed CA1 neurons. We also test and discuss various methods of dimension reduction and topology reconstruction. In particular, two main strategies we focus on are the Nerve theorem and point cloud-based methods. Conclusions on the results of reconstruction are supported with illustrations and mathematical background which is also briefly discussed.

In this paper we prove that there exists an asymptotical diagonalization algorithm for a class of sparse Hermitian (or real symmetric) matrices if and only if the matrices become Hessenberg matrices after some permutation of rows and columns. The proof is based on Morse theory, Roberts' theorem on indifference graphs, toric topology, and computer-based homological calculations.

The paper presents a non-isothermal model of hydrodynamic heating of lithospheric rocks above magma chambers in application to the seismic focal zone of the Kamchatka region and associated volcanic arcs. The effect of convective heating of mantle and crustal rocks on dynamics of metasomatic changes and convective melting was studied. In the existing models of ore-forming systems, fluid mass transfer is determined mainly by the retrograde boiling of magmas in meso-abyssal intrusive chambers. Analysis of the manifestations of deposits of the porphyry formation of the Pacific Ocean active margins shows the decisive participation in their formation of mantle-crust ore-igneous systems. The model of convective heat-mass transfer in fluid mantle-crust systems coupled with magma chambers is designed with the consideration of effects of interphase interaction in rocks of permeable zones above igneous fluid sources. Numerical simulation of the dynamics of fluid systems under the volcanoes of the frontal zone of Kamchatka shows altered ultramafic rocks in metasomatic zoning and the presence of facial changes in the mineral composition of wehrlitized rocks. In the mantle wedge of the northwestern margin of the Pacific Ocean, over which epicontinental volcanic arcs developed in the post-Miocene stage, there is possible combination of the products of different-time and different-level igneous systems in the same permeable "earth's crust-lithospheric mantle" transition zones. Assuming that the "cratonization" of volcanic sections of the continental Earth's crust follows the "metasomatic granitization" pattern, the initial element of which is the wehrlitization of mantle wedge ultramafic rocks, the processes of metasomatic fertilization of mantle wedge rocks were investigated using a flow-through multiple-reservoir reactor. In the seismically active regions of the Pacific transition lithosphere, specific conditions for heating of areas of increased permeability above mantle fluid sources should be recorded. Metasomatic columns in such fluid systems can describe the formation of at least three levels of convective melting of metasomatized mantle wedge substrates, as well as the formation of a region of high-temperature fluid change of mafic intrusion rocks in the Earth's crust. The work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grants No. 19-05-00788.

This article presents the results of numerical analysis of acoustic impact generated by small finite source on heat and mass transfer of fluid-saturated granular medium in a cavity heated from below. Thermodynamically consistent model of two-phase medium is obtained by the method of conservation laws suggesting no equilibrium in pressure between the phases. The transition from diffusive to convective regime of heat and mass transfer in fluid-saturated granular medium as a consequence of acoustic impact is shown. Effect of source frequency and initial flow pattern on the intensity of convective instability and configuration of dissipative structure is studied. Formation of stable and symmetric convective structure by choosing the source frequency is illustrated.

Refactoring is an integral part of the modern software development process. Often, the refactoring must be performed at the global level with modifications in a large number of files. Making these modifications is a long and painstaking work. However, users rarely employ automated tools for this purpose because they consider them unreliable and difficult to use. In this paper, a new tool for transforming the source code is described. It is based on the intuitively clear specification of transformation rules in the form of short code fragments in C or C++. These rules describe the code before and after the transformation. We believe that, due to the absence of additional abstractions (such as domain-specific languages), this approach can be easily used in practice. Even though the tool uses source code templates, it operates on the level of the abstract syntax tree. This enables the tool to better analyze the code and verify the validity of transformations.

As the size of software becomes larger and more complex, finding the cause of defects becomes increasingly difficult. Moreover, it is hard to reproduce defects when many components such as processes in platform environment or devices in IoT environment are involved. In this case, analyzing logs are the only way to get debugging insights, but manual log analysis is highly labor intensive work. In this paper, we propose a new log analysis system called historian which runs based on history of test logs. Our system first computes importance and noise scores of each log line by using statistical text mining techniques, and then highlights abnormal log lines based on computed scores for providing debugging insights. We applied historian to Tizen Native API test logs, and our system highlighted only about 4% log lines in average. We also provided highlighted failed logs to Tizen developers and the developers said that failure related log lines were highlighted well. These experimental results show that our system effectively highlights abnormal log lines and provides debugging insights to developers.

The aim of the research is to construct a mathematical model of the formation of a fracture system in magma intrusion in the permeable zones of the lithosphere and on this basis to study the formation of magmatic channels in the lithosphere and crust. The lithosphere substrate is modeled by a saturated porous medium in which the processes of small-scale destruction in the mantle magma intrusion lead to the formation of faults and, consequently, to a magmatic channel. Destruction and occurrence of micro-fracture fields can be associated with both magma flow and external seismic effect leading to the rock breaking. The process of small-scale destruction is described within the framework of the dynamics of the elastoplastic fracture-porous medium and causes variations in the rheological properties of the lithosphere substrate. A feature of this process is the destruction substrate in the compression zone represented by a narrow area with a sharply changing concentration of micro-fractures. The micro-fracture accumulation provides the conversion of the broken area into a macro-fissure. The elastoplastic porous matrix in the destruction zone contains both broken and intact substrate, the relative content of which is determined by relaxation of deformations, the speed of which depends on stress and yield stress point according to the power law. The obtained mathematical model provides investigation of currents in fractured-porous media and their effect on the small-scale destruction. Based on the TVD-Runge Kutta method numerical simulation of the compressible fluid infiltration into the fracture-porous permeable channel has shown that stresses in the compression domain can reach stress limits of breaking and result in fracture formation. Change in relaxation time does not result in a marked change in stress fields. The concentration of maximum stresses is observed in the channel center leading to an increase in its fracture porosity. The computational results show the appearance of high stress values in the compression domain in the process of a liquid phase injection, for instance, magma, into a low-permeable fracture-porous layer. The introduction of the destruction criterion will help to associate the occurrence of such regions to the local breaking of the porous matrix. Thus, the proposed micro-fracture generation mechanism can be used to describe the formation of fracture or channels in micro-fracture porous media. Work is done on state assignment of IGM SB RAS with partial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grants No. 16-29-15131, 19-05-00788.

The work focuses on modeling unsteady dynamics of saturated soil in problems related to trenchless technology for laying underground communications. We devise parallel algorithms for solving the corresponding nonlinear nonstationary problems of continuum mechanics. A special feature of trenchless technology is the extraction of portions of the soil core which forms inside an open-end hollow pipe while it is pushed into the ground by pneumatic percussive blows. Wave processes are to be taken into account as the pipe is “hammered” through the ground. The impact on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil must be considered as well. We apply a finite-difference approximation procedure to thermodynamically consistent equations of saturated-soil dynamics. For this, we resort to the control-volume method, whose parallel implementation is based on domain-decomposition methods. In addition, we perform numerical simulations using high-performance computing for various modes of pulsation of the pipe and periodic injections of an ejecting medium so as to compact the core and extract it.

Refactoring is a standard part of any modern development cycle. It helps to reduce technical debt and keep software projects healthy. However, in many cases refactoring requires that transformations are applied globally across multiple files. Applying them manually involves large amounts of monotonous work. Nevertheless, automatic tools are severely underused because users find them unreliable, difficult to adopt, and not customizable enough. This paper presents a new code transformation framework. It delivers an intuitive way to specify the expected outcome of a transformation applied within the whole project. The user provides simple C/C++ code snippets that serve as examples of what the code should look like before and after the transformation. Due to the absence of any additional abstractions (such as domain-specific languages), we believe this approach flattens the learning curve, making adoption easier. Besides using the source code of the provided snippets, the framework also operates at the AST level. This gives it a deeper understanding of the program, which allows it to validate the correctness of the transformation and match the exact cases required by the user.

This chapter considers the dynamics of convective heating of mantle and crustal rocks in the seismic focal zone of Kamchatka region and associated volcanic arcs, which are characterized by the predominance of compressive stresses and the compaction of the heterophase medium. Features of heating, determining the dynamics of metasomatic transformations and convective melting, are studied on the basis of nonisothermal hydrodynamic model of heating of lithospheric rocks above the magmatic chambers.

The work is devoted to the modeling of a nonstationary flow of compressible two-phase mixtures. We construct a continuum approximation to a thermodynamically consistent model of two-velocity hydrodynamics under the assumption of phase equilibrium with respect to temperature. The parallel implementation of the control volume method is based on the methods of domain decomposition. The numerical algorithm stability is studied using problems of two-velocity flows in inclined channels that inhomogeneous with respect to the volume fraction of phases. The results of numerical simulation prove the effectiveness of the approach used.