В работе рассмотрены некоторые результаты функционирования автоматизированных систем сейсмометрического контроля на плотинах Красноярской и Зейской ГЭС. Представлены информационная модель и программное обеспечение как инструмент для исследования изменения динамических характеристик во времени и в сопоставлении с основными факторами внешних воздействий на плотину ГЭС. The paper considers some results of the operation of automated seismometric control systems at the dams of the Krasnoyarskaya and Zeyskaya HPP. An information model and software are presented as a tool for studying the changes in dynamic characteristics over time and in comparison with the main factors of external impacts on the hydroelectric dam.

By analyzing the seismic records made by the automated seismometric monitoring system (ASMS) of the Nizhnekamsk HPP using the STA/LTA sliding-window algorithm, signs of typical dynamic loads were identified for detecting seismic events of intensity lower than the level of vibrations at the dams during normal operation of HPPs.

Приведены результаты инженерно-сейсмометрических обследований низконапорных плотин Нижнекамской и Майнской ГЭС, проведённых в процессе проектирования автоматизированных сейсмометрических систем контроля (АССК). Целью обследований было установление возможности выполнения требований нормативных документов, разработанных для высоких бетонных плотин, для обследования ГТС низконапорных плотин и определение параметров, позволяющих осуществлять мониторинг низконапорных плотин. По результатам обследований авторами предложены параметры мониторинга, обоснованы схемы размещения стационарных пунктов наблюдения.

The results of processing annual data of the automated seismometric monitoring system (ASMS) of the Zeya HPP are presented. They are compared with the results of detailed seismometric surveys conducted in 2000 – 2001. As part of field supervision, the quality of the pilot operation of the ASMS is evaluated, and the parameters of seismic events recorded by the system are estimated as well. The dependence of the frequencies of transverse vibrations of the dam during filling and drawdown of the reservoir is plotted.

На основе результатов сейсмометрических обследований разработаны методические рекомендации по проведению обследований и мониторинга технического состояния зданий различного назначения для обеспечения их безопасной эксплуатации. В работе приведены основные требования по организации и проведению обследований и сейсмометрического мониторинга, требования к средствам измерения, программам сбора, обработки и интерпретации данных, выбору параметров регистрации колебаний. Детально рассмотрены определение динамических характеристик 1-й группы (частот и форм собственных колебаний, диссипативных характеристик, скоростей распространения упругих волн), расчёт динамических характеристик 2-й группы (упругих характеристик несущего каркаса здания и основания), оценка динамических характеристик 3-й группы (реакция на ветровую нагрузку и сейсмическое воздействие, сценарий разрушения)

Дан обзор систем сейсмометрического мониторинга зданий и сооружений, приведено описание инженерносейсмометрического метода оценки их технического состояния. Разработаны модель и структура информационной системы сейсмометрического мониторинга плотин ГЭС, отвечающие заданным функциональным требованиям. Описаны процессы сбора, обработки, хранения и анализа данных для регистрации сейсмических событий и контроля технического состояния. На основе модели системы и технологии анализа данных сейсмометрического мониторинга разработаны и запущены в эксплуатацию автоматизированные системы сейсмометрического контроля технического состояния Красноярской и Зейской ГЭС. Системы обеспечивают регистрацию сейсмических событий интенсивностью выше двух баллов по шкале MSK64 на плотине и плановопериодическую регистрацию микросейсмических колебаний плотины в режиме штатной эксплуатации оборудования. The purpose of this study is to create information system for seismometric monitoring of the technical condition of hydroelectric dams. To achieve this, the authors of the article used modern methods and principles for designing software and technical systems. The methodological basis of this system is the engineeringseismometric method. The registered vibrations determine the dynamic and elastic characteristics of the structure. Analyzing their variations and taking into account the influence of factors of external influences, it is possible to estimate the technical condition of the structure. The authors provide a survey of seismometric monitoring systems for buildings and structures, defined main technical and functional requirements, which a monitoring system should provide. A model and a structure of the information system for seismometric monitoring of hydroelectric dams were developed using structural analysis technique. The paper describes the processes of collecting, processing, storing and analyzing data for seismic events recording and monitoring the technical condition. Based on the system model and the technology for seismometric monitoring data, automated systems for seismometric monitoring for the dams of Krasnoyarsk and Zeya hydroelectric stations were developed and put into operation. The systems provide registration of seismic events with an intensity of more than 2 points on the MSK64 scale on the dam and scheduled periodic recording of microseismic dam oscillations in the normal operation of equipment for monitoring the technical condition.

An automated system for seismometric control of the technical condtion of the Zeiskaya hydro power plant (HPP) was developed and installed for trial operation. The system provides registration of seismic events with an intensity of more than 2 points on MSK-64 scale on the dam and the periodic (according to a schedule) recording of dam microseismic oscillations in the mode of normal operation of equipment for monitoring the technical condition. The system hardware and software configuration, its operation are described in the paper.

The objective of the present study is to design a basic software and hardware complex (SHC) of a seismometric monitoring system for buildings and structures recommended for serial production. To do this, the authors used modern methods and principles of designing software and hardware systems. The system is methodologically based on the engineering-seismometric method. This method uses recording of spatial vibrations of an object as a result of microseisms of natural and anthropogenic origin. Next, dynamic and elastic characteristics of the structure are determined by vibrations that make it possible to evaluate its technical condition. As a result of conducted studies, the authors defined the main technical and functional requirements for the monitoring system for a wide range of applications. A three-level structure of a modular technical condition monitoring system is proposed for discussion. This structure makes it possible to create an extensible open system in which the number of measuring channels can be easily increased by increasing the number of plugin standard modules. In addition, the system can both record seismic events, earthquakes, and perform seismometric monitoring by microseisms. In order to represent the main processes and structure of the proposed basic complex of the system in the case of its full operation, the authors developed a functional model of the system. The model is based on a data flow diagram that describes the processes of collecting, processing, storing, analyzing, and presenting seismometric monitoring data. The functioning of the proposed complex is briefly described. The input data of the complex are the vibrations of the structure recorded at observation points using three-component geophones. Then, the seismic signal recorder collects, amplifies, digitizes, and transmits data to the server. The server either records seismic events and then evaluates their impact on the structure or carries out a planned recording of microseisms in order to monitor the technical condition of the structure and stores vibration data in the corresponding files. If an earthquake is detected, the system notifies the responsible personnel. Records of microseisms are used by the data processing software to compute the statistical parameters of vibrations and complex transfer functions according to the spectra of which the operator manually selects the values of natural frequencies. Seismic monitoring data processing software evaluates elastic characteristics by a number of natural frequencies using a mathematical design model of the structure vibrations. On the basis of the analysis of the change in the obtained dynamic and elastic characteristics and taking into account the effect of external factors, the software generates information for monitoring the technical condition of the structure. These results, as well as data of the evaluation of the event impact on the structure, are the output data of the system.

The paper puts forward a method for processing data from detailed seismic assessments of HPP dams (dynamic tests). A detailed assessment (hundreds of observation points in dam galleries) is performed with consideration of operating dam equipment and the microseismic noise. It is shown that dynamic oscillation characteristics (natural oscillation frequencies and modes in the main dam axes, the velocities of propagation of elastic waves with given polarization, and so on.) can be determined with sufficient accuracy by using complex transfer functions and pulse characteristics. Monitoring data is processed using data from a detailed assessment, taking account of identified natural oscillation modes and determined ranges of natural frequencies. The spectra of characteristic frequencies thus obtained are used to choose substitution models and estimate the elastic characteristics of the “dam – rock bed” construction system, viz., the modulus of elasticity (the Young modulus), the Poisson ratio, the dam section stiffness with respect to shear, tension and compression and the elastic characteristics of the rock foundation.

Different combinations of loads on structural components of the machine room are analyzed.