The component composition of essential oil (EO) obtained by hydrodistillation, as well as hexane extract of the roots of the plant Perovskia scrophulariifolia Bunge, collected in the Samarkand region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, was studied. Using GC-MS, 43 compounds were identified in the EO, which is 90.5% of the total amount of EO, while in the hexane extract – 21 substances, which make up 73.6% of the total amount of the extract. Oxidized sesquiterpenes (40.5%) and sesquiterpenes (31.4%) predominate in the EO, while the main components of the hexane extract are oxidized diterpenes (43.0%). The dominant components of the EO are aromadendrene (16.1%), caryophyllene (10.1%), valerenal (7.0%), spathulenol (5.6%), hydroxyeremophilone (5.6%), ledol (5.0%), aristo-1(10)-en-9-ol isovaleric acid ester (4.6%), sclareol (4.2%) and eremophilone (4.1%). The major components of the hexane extract are bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (19.4%), ferruginol (12.9%), sclareol (6.5%), 9,10-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-ethanoanthracene (6.1%) and 1b,4b-epoxy-6-hydroxy-a-homo-5,7,9-estratrien-17-one (5.6%). Five individual phenolic compounds were isolated from various fractions of the methanol extract of P. scrорhulariifоlia roots and identified with cryptotanshinone, rosmarinic and caffeic acids, D-pinitol and β-sitosterol based on 1H, 13C NMR, HSQC and HMBC spectra. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of rosmarinic acid and hexane extract of roots was studied in vitro using the disk diffusion method in agar. It was found that B. subtilis, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa are sensitive to the studied samples, with the greatest antibacterial effect observed for rosmarinic acid against the gram-positive bacterium S. aureus.

The component composition of the essential oil (EO) obtained by hydrodistillation from the air-dry and fresh aboveground parts of the plant Perovskia angustifolia Kudr., growing on the territory of the Namangan region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. By GC-MS, 57 compounds were identified in the composition of the EO from the air-dried plant, while 46 substances were found in the composition of the EO from the fresh plant, which is 94.0 and 96.2% of the total amount of EOs, respectively. The main EO components of both the air-dry and fresh aerial parts are 1,8-cineole, its content is 24.2 and 25.1%, respectively. EO from an air-dry plant contains camphor (8.6%), endoborneol (7.3%), bornyl acetate (6.2%), caryophyllene (4.4%), α-humulene (4.1%), δ-cadinene (3.8%) and other connections. The dominant components in the composition of EO from a fresh plant, in addition to 1,8-cineol, are camphor (13.8%), endoborneol (8.6%), bornyl acetate (7.0%), γ-terpinene (7.0%), m-cymene (5.2% ), Δ-3-karene (4.5%), δ-cadinene (2.9%). The aerial part of P. angustifolia can serve as a rich source of 1,8-cineole, which is used in bronchitis, colds of the respiratory tract, chronic and inflammatory respiratory diseases. EO from the aerial part of the air-dry P. angustifolia exhibits a noticeable antimicrobial and antifungal effect against test strains of gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria, while gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus turned out to be the most sensitive to the effects of essential oil.

The component composition of the essential oil (EO) obtained by hydrodistillation from the air dried aerial part of the Lophanthus schtschurowskianus (Regel) Lipsky, growing in the Surkhandarya region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, was studied. By the GC-MS method were identified 57 components in the composition of EO, which was 93.8% of the total amount of oil, of which 52 volatile compounds were identified. The main components of the essential oil were 1,8-cineol (13.4%), viridiflorol (8.5%), α-terpineol (4.3%), terpinen-4-ol (4.2%), τ-cadinol (4.1%), β-spatulenol (3.9%), α-p-dimethylstyrene (2.1%). Oxygenated monoterpenes (33.6%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (24.7%) predominate in the composition of the essential oil; compounds related to sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (8.6%) were also found. The composition of the EO components of L. schtschurowskianus significantly differs from the EOs of other studied plant species of the genus Lophanthus. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the essential oil, as well as various extracts from the aerial parts of L. schtschurowskianus, was studied using a modified agar diffusion method. Gram-positive bacteria were found to be susceptible to all the studied samples. Among the studied samples, the essential oil showed the highest antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Three individual phenolic compounds were isolated from various fractions of a 75% alcoholic extract of the aerial part of L. schtschurowskianus, which, based on the study of 1H, 13C NMR, HSQC and HMBC spectra, were identified as caffeic, rosmarinic acids and luteolin.

The component composition of the essential oil (EO) from the air-dry and fresh aerial parts of the plant Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall growing on the territory of the Namangan region of the Republic of Uzbekistan during the flowering period has been studied. The GC-MS method identified 49 compounds in the EO from an air-dry plant, while 22 substances were found in the EO from a fresh plant, which is 98.0% and 99.2% of the total amount of EO, respectively. The main components of EO, both air-dry and fresh aboveground parts, is coumarin, the content of which is 83.2% and 87.9%, respectively. EOs also contained alcohols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes and ketones, a small amount of monoterpenes and oxidized monoterpenes, etc. The antimicrobial activity of essential oil against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans was studied.

The chemical composition of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation method from two plants of the genus Scutellaria, grown in Uzbekistan and used in folk medicine were comparatively investigated by GC/MS and FID. Overall individually thirty three constituents were identified in both of aerial parts of S. adenostegia and S. comosa essential oils, representing 94.4 and 97.0% of the total, respectively. The main components were determined as acetophenone (24.2%), eugenol (12.3%), caryophyllene oxide (8.9%), and β-caryophyllene (7.0%) in the oil of S. adenostegia. β-Caryophyllene (12.5%), phytol (11.4%), linalool (11.1%), acetophenone (10.4%), caryophyllene oxide (6.6%),1-hexanol (5.3%), and (E)-2-hexenal (5.1%) were found as major components in the S. comosa oil. The composition of the oils of S. adenostegia and S. comosa was being reported for the first time. The essential oils of S. adenostegia and S. comosa showed significant antimicrobial properties against Bacillus subtilis, moderate effect against Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli.

The review summarizes the scientific literature on the degree of knowledge of the chemical composition and biological activity of metabolites and plant extracts of the genus Equisetum L. of the world flora. Many types of horsetail are widely used in folk medicine as a diuretic, hemostatic, as well as for pulmonary tuberculosis and skin diseases, ulcers, dropsy, jaundice, as a heart remedy, for diseases of the kidneys, bladder, etc. Based on extracts of the horsetail canes (Equisetum arvense L.) a number of drugs and biologically active additives with a wide spectrum of pharmacological action have been created. The review presents data on the structural diversity and biological activity of metabolites of plants of the genus Equisetum L. Information is provided on the composition of the metabolites of 16 species of the genus Equisetum L., the structure and sources of more than 200 natural substances related to terpenoids, phytosterols, brassinosteroids, vitamins, alkaloids and other nitrogen-containing compounds , lignans, styryl pyrones, indanones, phenylpropanoids, organic acids, hydrocarbons, aldehydes and phenolic compounds. The main biologically active substances of plants of the genus Equisetum are flavonoids and other plant phenolic compounds. Extracts and individual compounds possess antioxidant, diuretic, antibacterial, antifungal, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, antimutagenic, sedative, anxiolytic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory properties. An analysis of literature data shows that plants of the genus Equisetum are promising for the creation of new effective drugs. The information presented in the review can be used as reference literature by phytochemists, biologists, and pharmacologists, as well as to solve the problems of chemosystematics of plants of the genus Equisetum L.

Изучена кинетика химической реакции кислотного гидролиза салицина в водных растворах. Содержание салицина в реакционной массе определяли методом ВЭЖХ с УФ-детектированием. Обнаружено, что скорость гидролиза салицина в большей степени зависит от кислотности среды, чем от температуры. Установлена зависимость константы скорости гидролиза салицина от температуры и кислотности раствора. Максимальная реакционная способность салицина наблюдается в водных растворах при температуре 90 °C и рН менее 1,0. Препараты салицина могут храниться более 1 года без заметного разложения при комнатной температуре и рН более 2,0.

The chemical composition of polyphenolic compounds of cranberry fruits (Vaccinium oxycoccus L.), blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.), growing in the Surgut region of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Ugra, was first studied. Fresh berries were extracted five times with an 80% aqueous-alcoholic mixture at room temperature. The obtained extracts were combined, filtered, and the solvent from the filtrate was distilled off under vacuum on a rotary evaporator. The composition of the obtained extracts by HPLC identified 15 glycosides of anthocyanidins, as well as 30 phenolic compounds related to hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols, catechins and procyanidins. The phenolic compounds were identified in accordance with the retention times and absorption spectra of the corresponding analytical standards. The main phenolic compound of cranberry berry extract is chlorogenic acid. The increase in the polyphenol content in the series was established: cranberries–lingonberries– blueberries. Our data on the whole in terms of the content of polyphenols and antioxidant activity are comparable with the results of a study of cranberries and blueberries from the Alaska region, not significantly differing in the content of anthocyanins and individual flavones. Significant differences in phenolic components are revealed when comparing our data with data on cranberries and cranberries from the regions of northern and eastern Europe (Poland, Belarus, Norway). The quantitative differences found for individual polyphenols are likely to be related to geographic and local environmental conditions. The high content of polyphenols in the berries we studied suggests the possibility of using them as pharmaceutical raw materials.

The review presents data on the use in traditional medicine, the chemical composition, degree of knowledge, structural diversity and biological activity of flavonoids and isoflavones of the genus Trifolium L. world flora. Many species of clover are widely used in folk medicine for asthma, shortness of breath, cough, dysentery, pulmonary tuberculosis, metabolic diseases and kidney stones, kidney disease. On the basis of clover extracts meadow (T. pratense L.), a number of dietary supplements with a wide range of pharmacological effects. The information on the composition of flavonoids and isoflavones species of Trifolium, the distribution in plants, structure and sources produce 176 compounds. Flavonoids and isoflavones genus Trifolium possess cholesterol-lowering, choleretic, antizotemition, diuretic, estrogenic and antioxidant properties. Species Trifolium are promising for further phytochemical study and development of new effective drugs. Cited in the survey data can be used to address issues chemosystematics plants of the genus Trifolium L.

Из надземной части Equisetum silvaticum L. (хвощ лесной) семейства Equisetaceae выделены четыре индивидуальных флавоноловых гликозида, которые на основании химических превращений и результатов изучения данных ИК-, УФ-, 1 Н-ЯМР и масс-спектров идентифицированы с кемпферол-3-О-β-D-глюкопиранозидом, кверцетин-3-О-β-D-глюкопиранозидом, кемпферол-3-О-β-D-глюкопиранозид-7-О-α-L-рамнопиранозидом и кемпферол-3-О-β-D-глюко­пиранозид-7-О-β-D-глюкопиранозидом.