The ability of 22 strains of the Emericellopsis alkalina species to synthesize the antimicrobial peptaiboles A118-35, A118-36, and A118-37 with antifungal activity was studied. The ability to synthesize peptaibols is typical for 72% of the studied strains of the species. It was established that peptaibol production is a strain-specific feature and depends on the cultivation conditions and the concentration of sugars and carbon sources. The isolated peptaibol A118-37 was active against opportunistic Candida albicans yeast and Apergillus niger mold fungus, as well as against clinical fungal isolates of mycosis pathogens with multiple resistance.

Thionins (NsW1 and NsW2), earlier isolated from the seeds of endemic Middle-Asian black cumin (Aligella sativa L.), showing signilicant inhibitory action on some bacterial and yeast pathogens were investigated for cytotoxic properties against several tumor cell lines (AsPC-1, Colo357, RD and Jukart) in vitro within nano- and micromolar ranges of the active concentrations and as modulators of expression of the genes controlling conversion of normal cells to malignant ones. Suppression of the expression of the genes from MMP, RhoA, miR21 families in human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells was observed, whereas the influence of the molecules on the genes in normal blood cells was not identified. It was shown that the thionins from black cumin induced almost 90% of the cell death in RD and Jukart lines. Moreover, the polypeptides inhibited clinical isolates of Aspergillus ochraceus and A.fimigatus at the level comparable with that of amphotericin B. The data demonstrated that the peptides could be considered as perspective antitumor and antimycotic agents.

The results of the laboratory diagnosis of respiratory tract candidiasis in patients with tuberculosis of the respiratory organs within 2-year observation in a tuberculosis clinic were generalized. The species composition of 327 isolates of the pathogens of the respiratory tract mycotic infection and the frequency of their detection in the specimens of various clinical material from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were determined. The data on the resistance of the Candida spp. isolates to 6 antifungal drugs are presented. The number of the strains resistant to azol drugs (intraconazol and fluconazol) amounted to 10% of the total number of the Candida spp. isolates.