Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoid pigments that affect the function of the visual analyzer. They selectively accumulate in the yellow spot of the retina, form macular pigment and determine the density of the retina macula. Lutein and zeaxanthin slow down the progression of age-related macular degeneration, a leading cause of senior-age blindness. The main food sources of non-vitamin carotenoids are green leafy vegetables, zucchini, pumpkin, green peas, broccoli. The aim of the study is a retrospective assessment of the levels and sources of alimentary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin in young people and research of the effect of lutein and zeaxanthin in the diet on macula density. A specially designed questionnaire was used to quantify the content of lutein and zeaxanthin in the diet, reflecting the amount of consumption of the main sources of these carotenoids on the day preceding the survey. A non-invasive non-contact method of optical coherence tomography of the retina was used to determine the density of the macula. The study involved 96 students of Sechenov University at the age of 21-27 years. The study found that only 6.25% of the respondents had daily intake of lutein and zeaxanthin of 6 mg or more, 8.33% had 4.6-5.9 mg, 8.33% had 3.0-4.5 mg, in 18.75% - 1.5-2.9 mg, in 45.83% <1.4 mg. 12.5% of respondents didn't include sources of lutein and zeaxanthin in the diet. The more common sources of lutein and zeaxanthin in the diet were eggs and fresh tomatoes. Retinal density indices corresponded to the age standards in the majority of the examined. In 8.3% surveyed the thickness of the retina was decreased, and 4.2% had higher thickness of the retina in comparison with the standards. Significant differences in the Central subfield thickness in men and women were revealed. There was no dependence of the levels of lutein and zeaxanthin coming from food sources on the retina thickness indicators.

Purpose: To assess IOP-lowering efficacy of bimatoprost/timolol fixed combination (Ganfort (R)) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and uncontrolled secondary neovascular glaucoma (NG).Materials and Methods: Fifty patients (51 eyes) with uncontrolled secondary neovascular glaucoma and diabetes mellitus were enrolled in the study. All patients with an uncontrolled IOP have been proposed to switch current IOP-lowering therapy to Ganfort (R). In case target IOP level was not reached filtration surgery was recommended. Ganfort (R) administration - once a day in the morning.Results: IOP-lowering has been observed in all patients when switched to Ganfort (R). Mean IOP level was almost 3-x lower versus baseline in 72.5% of patients (37 eyes). The patients achieved target IOP of 15-17 mmHg. As a result, no surgical intervention was required. Significant IOP-lowering has been observed in another group of patients (14 eyes, 27.5 %) nevertheless due to glaucoma progression, these patients are still subjected to surgical treatment.Conclusion: IOP-lowering fixed combination Ganfort (R) (Allergan) can be used in patients with secondary neovascular glaucoma and diabetes mellitus as a drug of choice to control the IOP level. Even in cases when target IOP is not achieved, Ganfort (R) can be administered in pre-operative period and helps to reduce postoperative complications.

PURPOSE:To evaluate the effectiveness of bimatoprost/timolol fixed combination (Ganfort) in decreasing intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and uncontrolled secondary neovascular glaucoma (NG).MATERIAL AND METHODS:The study included 50 patients (51 eyes) with diabetes mellitus and sings of uncontrolled secondary NG, which was later confirmed by the results of ophthalmological assessment. All the patients were offered to change their IOP-lowering medications and if the new regimen is still ineffective--to undergo drainage surgery. Therefore they were switched to Ganfort once daily in the morning.RESULTS:After switching the therapy a decrease of intraocular pressure was observed in 100% of cases. In 72.5% of patients (37 eyes) the average IOP was almost 3 times lower than at the baseline and achieved target values (15-17 mm Hg), thus allowing to avoid surgical intervention. In 27.5% of patients (14 eyes), despite a significant decrease of IOP, surgical treatment was considered still necessary due to glaucoma progression and, therefore, drainage surgery was performed.CONCLUSION:The IOP-lowering combination Ganfort (Allergan) can be used in patients with secondary neovascular glaucoma and diabetes mellitus as the treatment of choice. Even if target IOP is not achieved, Ganfort is still useful as a preoperative medication able to reduce postoperative hemorrhagic complications.

A pandemic expansion of diabetes mellitus (DM) observed nowadays across the globe is increasingly acknowledged as a disaster by all peoples of the world. Statistical analysis indicates an annual increase in prevalence of DM in Russian Federation that had reached 3 779 423 registered patients by 01.01.2013. Besides the humanitarian aspects, DM poses severe economic challenges for this country - challenges that stem both from high mortality and growing disability rate due to limb loss, decrease in visual acuity and need for hemodialysis, plaguing many DM patients.Aim. To produce an epidemiological evaluation based on the dynamics of prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in the Russian Federation - nationwide and in individual regions - across the last 13 years.Materials and Methods. Current survey included patients from various regions of the Russian Federation that were examined during epidemiological missions conducted by the federal Endocrinology Research Centre (2000- 2009), as well as National Programmes "Health" (2007) and "Diabetes - Learn In Advance" (2012-2013).Results. In the Russian Federation registered more than 630,000 patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among adults (18 years and older) with type 1 diabetes is 35.25%, while in type 2 diabetes - 16.67%. On average, this means that almost one in five patients (17.63%) with diabetes have certain eye problems.Conclusion. In summary, our data indicate a dramatic growth in the rate of diabetic ocular complications, with a particular increase in proliferative diabetic retinopathy, complicated cataract and neovascular glaucoma. These findings call for an even closer attention to early diagnostics, adequate management and, above everything else, timely prevention of ocular pathologies in patients with DM.

We present two atypic clinical cases of "middle" proliferation in patients with proliferative stage of diabetic retinopathy. Both patients underwent hospitalization in Department of diabetic retinopathy and ophthalmic surgery of Endocrine Research Centre, Moscow. We conducted full-scale endocrine and ophthalmologic examination, including A/B scanning."Middle" proliferation in diabetic retinopathy should be considered a severe disorder and managed in conjunction of endocrine and ophthalmologic approaches. Adequate and timely compensation of diabetes mellitus combined with vitreoretinal surgery may substantially improve prognosis in such patients and reduce the risk of incapacitation.

The purpose of the given work became an estimation of efficiency of drainage surgery and combined preparations at treatment secondary newvascular the complicated diabetic glaucoma at patients with a diabetes militus (DM). Material and methods. Results of 46 operations and 34 cases of conservative therapy by the combined preparations at patients with a diabetic glaucoma and a DM have been investigated. Results. At all patients in the postoperative period the painful syndrome has been stoped and proof reduction in intraocular pressure is received. In the early postoperative period there were following complications: gifema, cataract, reduction of depth of the forward chamber of an eye because of swelling a crystalline lens and detachment a vascular environment. In the late postoperative period “exposure” of a drainage tube, a vascular cataract and dystrophy of cornea were observed “capture” iris. More than in half of cases high preoperative intraocular pressure it was possible to compensate at use of combined preparation Коsopt (MSD, USA). Conclusions. The diabetic glaucoma objectively exists also drainage surgery there should be “the gold standard” treatments of this pathology and its complications at patients with a DM. Combined preparation Коsopt (MSD, USA) has shown high efficiency in reduction in intraocular pressure at patients with a diabetic glaucoma and their preparations for scheduled surgical intervention.

Diabetes morbidity grows steadily despite recent progress in its diagnostics and treatment. Its most frequent complication is retinopathy although there are increasingly more cases of diabetic cataract, secondary rubeous (neovascular) glaucoma, eyelid diseases, and transient impairment of vision.Aim To analyse late results of ophthalmosurgery in diabetic patients with vision problems.Materials and methods Over 24,000 patients were examined from January 2006 to November 2010 at the Department of Diabetic Retinopathy and Ophthalmosurgery, Endocrinological Research Centre.Results of more than 2660 seances of retinal laser coagulation and about 350 surgical interventions for diabetic cataract and secondary neovascular glaucoma were available for analysis.Conclusion Timely and correct application of retinal laser coagulation, modern facoemulsification of complicated cataract and drainage surgery of uncompensated secondary rubeous glaucoma produces good functional results and permits to preserve or even improve visual acuity. The efficacy of surgical intervention is directly related to the quality of diabetes compensation and depends on the joint efforts of ophthalmologists, endocrinologists, and anesthesiologists.