The new biostimulator stimulated the development of tomato plants, accelerated the passage of phenological phases, shortened the time of entry of plants into fruiting. The use of microdoses contributed to an increase in yield. Therefore, they can be recommended for their further experimental evaluation in field experiments at even lower concentrations on other agricultural crops.

Abstract The results of a model experiment on the use of organomineral fertilizer (OMF) based on food waste for the sowing of three mixtures of perennial cereals on a sample of the soil type of the Far North: an illuvial -ferruginous podzol with the aim of developing a technology for the restoration of disturbed soil cover are presented. It was revealed that when OMF is added in the amount of 25 and 50%, the physicochemical properties of the soil improve; there is an increase in the green mass of plants relative to control by an average of 3.3 times. When 50% of this fertilizer is applied, signs of plant inhibition are observed on day 18, which indicates an overabundance of nutrients in the soil. The mass of plants at this concentration is close to the values obtained at 25% OMF content. Organomineral fertilizer based on food waste with the obtained characteristics can be used in the restoration of the illuvial-ferruginous podzol as a reclamation fertilizer. Keywords: organic-mineral fertilizer, perennial cereals, physicochemical properties of soils.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are persistent organic pollutants used worldwide up 1990s. Although their use has been heavily restricted, PCB can be found in contaminated soils and sediments. Conducted structural-chemical studies of the destruction of polychlorinated biphenyl salts of amino acids in the soil. The effect of concentrated solutions of sodium salts of amino acids on soil particles has been investigated using FTIR spectroscopy as a means of identifying PCBs in the soil, controlling the interactions of PCBs with amino acid salts. The reaction products -C- substituted biphenyl polyamino polyacetic acids and their salts are soluble in water and extracted from particles on the surface of which polychlorinated biphenyls are adsorbed.

На примере сукцессионного цикла лесного массива Касской равнины Западной Сибири показаны значительные колебания во времени эмиссии С/СО2 на разных стадиях пирогенной сукцессии, представленных разными типами экосистем. Максимальные годовые эмиссии наблюдаются на первых стадиях сукцессии. К концу стадии климакса они постепенно снижаются на 25%. Достоверность многолетних эмиссий возрастет при учете колебаний ежегодных эмиссий за весь период сукцессии (220 лет) или среднегодовой эмиссии за этот период. Предложена идея динамической карты, меняющей содержание контуров в зависимости от изменения стадий развития экосистемы, климата и антропогенной нагрузки.

Significant variations of C/CO2 emission in time at different stages of the pyrogenic succession represented by different ecosystem types have been shown with the succession cycle of a woodland in the Kas Plain (Western Siberia) as an example. The annual emissions are at a maximum at the first succession stages and gradually decrease by 25% to the end of the climax stage. The reliability of the long-term emission values increases when the variations of the annual emissions over the entire succession period (220 years) or the mean annual emissions during this period are taken into consideration. The concept of a dynamic map with variable contents of contours depending on the development stages of the ecosystem, climate, and anthropogenic load has been proposed.

Изучено взаимодействие полихлорбифенилов (ПХБ) со щелочным аминокислотным реагентом (NaL) в растворах и загрязненной ими серой лесной почве методами ИК-спектроскопии и газо-жидкостной хроматографии в зависимости от концентрации компонентов и времени реакции. В растворах выявлено межмолекулярное взаимодействие ПХБ с реагентом NaL по водородным связям гидроксильных, амидных и карбоксильных групп, а также отщепление хлора в ароматическом кольце макромолекул ПХБ. В растворах и серой лесной почве в присутствии аминокислотного реагента установлено значительное снижение (от 32 до 75%) общего содержания ПХБ в зависимости от концентрации реагента и кратности внесения его в почвенные образцы. Выявлено, что в присутствии аминокислотного реагента как в растворах, так и в серой лесной почве, загрязненной ПХБ, происходит изменение относительного содержания низко- и высокохлорированных групп конгенеров ПХБ, что свидетельствует об их поэтапном дехлорировании.

The interaction between polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and an alkaline amino acid reagent (NaL) in solutions and a gray forest soil contaminated by these solutions was studied by IR spectroscopy and gas-liquid chromatography depending on the component concentrations and reaction time. Intermolecular interaction of PCBs with NaL by hydrogen bonds of hydroxyl, amide, and carboxyl groups, as well as the detachment of chlorine from the aromatic ring of PCB molecules, was revealed in solutions. A significant decrease (by 32 to 75%) in total PCBs was observed in solutions and gray forest soil in the presence of the amino acid reagent depending on the concentration of the reagent and the amount of its addition to soil samples. Changes in the relative content of low-and high-chlorinated PCB congeners were revealed in solutions and PCB-contaminated gray forest soil in the presence of the amino acid reagent, which indicated their stepwise dechlorination.

Model experiments were performed for studying the effect of different concentrations (2 and 20 mg/kg) of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the physical properties of natural materials (samples from the A horizon of loamy gray forest soil, river sand, and mantle loam). It was found that PCBs affect the aggregation of micro-and macroparticles in samples from the A horizon of gray forest soil and loam and the reflective properties of sand. It was also found that the coefficient of filtration in the substrates studied varies under the effect of PCBs. The rate of the water rising in the loam samples in the presence of PCBs decreases by 5.9 times for particles <3 mm and remains constant for particles <0.25 mm; in the samples from the A horizon of gray forest soil, the rate of the water rising increases by a factor of 1.3–1.9 for particles of all sizes. The water-retaining capacity of loam and gray forest soil from the A horizon decreases in the presence of PCBs.

The influence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) on the microbial biomass (measured by the method of substrate-induced respiration) and basal respiration of the 0- to 20-cm layer of a gray forest soil and the underlying loam was studied in laboratory experiments. For three months of observation, the high PCB concentrations decreased the microbial biomass, on average, by 20 and 37% in the soil and underlying loam, respectively, as compared to that in the control (without PCB) soil. The basal respiration was activated in the soil with PCBs and decreased in the loam as compared to the control variants. The value of the specific respiration was calculated as the ratio between the basal respiration and the microbial biomass. This value increased by three times and by 70% in the soil with PCB and loam, respectively, for the first 24 h after the application of the toxicant. The influence of PCBs on the microbial biomass and basal and specific respiration was related to their concentrations, natural substrates, and the time of incubation. The parameters studied may serve as indicators of the disturbed functioning of the soil microbial community under the effects of PCB.

Data on the contents of polychlorinated biphenyls (strong toxicants) in soils of the town of Serpukhov (Moscow oblast) are presented. The patterns of their distribution in soil profiles of different urban areas are found. Temporal changes in the polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations are revealed. Further special investigations into the behavior of these pollutants and elaboration of methods for their detoxication are needed.

The paper provides evidence of the necessity for the integral ecological evaluation of a territory on the basis of complex cartographic data reflecting individual environmental parameters and anthropogenic loads. We suggest a principle of step-by-step integration of different parameters by converting them into measureless characteristics on the basis of their comparison with ecological standards. We also present a method of compiling an integral ecological map of the town of Serpukhov (Moscow oblast) on a scale of 1 : 25000.