Исследования полиморфизма в генe ESR1 представляют интерес в связи с ассоциацией с хозяйственно-полезными признаками свиней. Целью данной работы явилось исследование влияния полиморфизма гена ESR1 на изменчивость воспроизводительных качеств свиней пород крупная белая и ландрас. Studies of polymorphism in the ESR1 gene are of interest in connection with the association with economically useful traits of pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of ESR1 gene polymorphism on the variability of the reproductive qualities of Large White and Landrace pigs.

Выявление областей генома, прямо или опосредованно связанных с признаками пороков развития у домашних свиней, может способствовать идентификации генетических мишеней, используемых в качестве биомаркеров индивидуальных особенностей формирования экстерьера, их метаболического статуса, а также подверженности генетическим заболеваниям. Такие исследования напрямую связаны с повышением экономической эффективности, поскольку позволяют выявлять и исключать из селекционного процесса животных-носителей нежелательных генов, фенотип которых может не проявляться. В данной работе проведен поиск подобных целевых генов и геномных регионов с помощью полногеномных ассоциативных исследований (GWAS) с использованием ДНК-чипов PorcineSNP60K BeadChips (Illumina, San Diego, USA). Проанализировано 48 хряков свиней крупной белой породы селекционно-гибридного центра «Знаменский» Орловской области по 21 недостатку экстерьера и дефектам развития у 39 153 их потомков. Расчеты производили по линейной модели смешанного типа в программном пакете GEMMA. Из изначального сета в 61 000 SNP были отобраны 36 704 полиморфных SNP, в которых найдены 24 полиморфизма, входящих в 11 генов (P < 0.1), статистически значимо коррелирующих с признаками аномалий развития в геноме свиней, такими как атрезия анального отверстия (ARMC7, FANCC, RND3, ENSSSCG00000017216), проблемы с конечностями (PAWR, NTM, OPCML, ENSSSCG00000040250, ENSSSCG00000017018) и тремор поросят (RIC3, ENSSSCG00000032665). Также была выявлена коэкспрессия генов NTM, OPCML и RND3, участвующих в регуляции клеточной адгезии. Проведенная работа подтвердила актуальность применения подобного подхода в полногеномно-ассоциативных исследованиях для детектирования единичных SNP, связанных с отдельными признаками, даже для небольших выборок.

Marker-assisted selection is an attractive way to improve the economically important traits in domestic animals and particularly in pigs.Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is one of the potentially important genetic marker for growth and carcass traits of pigs.The objective of our work was to study G3072A polymorphism of IGF2 gene in different pig breeds and to evaluate the effect of boar genotypes on productive traits of their offspring of different sexes.IGF2 polymorphism was studied in seven pig breeds including large white and their close related breeds Yorkshire and Edelswine (LW, n = 1247), Landrace (L, n = 934), Duroc (D, n = 642), Pietrain (P, n = 87), Belorussian meat (BM, n = 37), Liven (LIV, n = 54), Estonian beckon (EB, n = 10), one synthetic line Body (BD, n = 138) and one terminal cross (TM, n = 66).Association studies were performed using data records of 5908 offspring (including 5015 gilts and 893 young boars) produced from twenty LW boars with known genotype for IGF2.The following productive traits were evaluated: body weight at the end of growing period (BW, kg), daily gain during entire growing period (DG, g), daily gain during early period from birth to 76.41±0.04days (DG1, g), daily gain during late period from 76.41±0.04 to 170.23±0.05(DG2, g); the age at 100 kg (AGE 100kg , days), average actual back fat thickness measured in four points at the end of growing period (BF, mm) and average back fat thickness calculated for the 100 kg body weight (BF 100kg , mm).Significantly higher frequencies of the potentially «desired» A allele and AA genotype were observed in BD (0.986 and 0.971, respectively), ТМ (0.977 and 0.955), P (0.966 and 0.931) and D (0.960 and 0.921).LW pigs were characterized by the intermediate values of allele A (0.664) and genotype AA frequencies (0.532).In EB, BM and L the frequencies of A allele and AA genotype varied from 0.250 to 0.363 and from 0.100 to 0.243, respectively.We did not identify A allele in local Russian LIV pig breed.Association studies showed high-significant tendency to increase of BW, DG1, DG2, DG, BF and BF 100kg values and to decrease of AGE 100kg values of both gilts and boars at the order of genotypes GG → AG → AA.Calculations performed with additive-dominance model and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed the faster increasing (decreasing) above-mentioned traits in order of genotypes GG → AG → AA in young boars comparing to gilts.Principal component (PC) analysis showed that first two PCs (PC1 and PC2) determine 76.23 % of variability of the initial matrix for young boars and 82.49% for gilts.PC1 is highly associated with daily gains during the late growing period (for DG2: r = 0.501 for young boars and 0.896 for gilts) and for the entire growing period (for DG: r = 0.923 and 0.929), whereas PC2 is associated with the daily gains during early growing period (for DG1: r = 0.709and 0.769).The additive (A) and dominant (D) components of the variability and effects of allele substitution calculated for PC1 were similar for both sexes: А = 0.290, p < 0.001; D = 0.064-in gilts and А = 0.351, p < 0.001; D = 0.040 -in young boars.We received significant values for PC2 in young boars only for dominant component (А = 0.085; D = 0.177, p < 0.05), whereas in gilts it was only for additive component (А = 0.094, p < 0.001; D = 0.031).The quantitative effects of IGF2 genotypes growing performance on the growth and carcass traits of pigs, and sex-dependent effect of marker genotypes on growing performance of pigs among growing periods should be taken in a point for development of programs of markerassisted selection utilizing IGF2.

The effect of genotype for estrogene receptor (ESR) in large white boars (n=39) on the reproductive traits of their daughters (n=625) in three parities was studied. The daughters of boars carrying BB genotype of ESR comparing to daughters of boars carrying AA and AB genotypes had larger litter size (+0.11 +0.58 piglets), number of piglets born alive (+0.33 +0.76 piglets) and number of piglet at weaning (+0.06 +0.30 piglets). The significant differences for alive piglet weight in fist parity were observed: the daughters of boars carrying AA genotype has on 46.2 grams higher value of this trait comparing to daughters with BB genotype (p