The Gross mining and processing plant under reconstruction is located in southwestern Yakutia, within a territory classified as earthquake-prone. According to the OSR 2015 map with indices A, B, C, the seismicity of the construction area is 9, 9 and 10 points MSK-64 scale, respectively.Despite significant research experience in clarifying the general seismic zoning, the issues of interpreting the source materials, as well as the results obtained, may be ambiguous. In confirmation of this, it can be noted that over the past 25 years four generations of general seismic zoning maps (OSR 97, OSR 2012, OSR 2015, OSR 2016) followed one another.The relevance of research is determined not only by the seismic safety of construction projects, but also by their economic component. Thus, 1-point seismic hazard increase entails 13% to 20% construction cost increase.The aim of the research is to specify the level of baseline seismicity for survey areas using the methodology of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis with respect to the regional seismotectonic conditions of the Gross mining and processing plant construction area.As a result of the analysis of materials from geodynamic active neotectonic zones, the presence of active structures capable of generating earthquakes with magnitudes М = 6.5 – 7.0 was established.A probabilistic assessment of the parameters of seismic impacts was carried out: macroseismic intensity (in MSK-64 points), peak accelerations and response spectra, for the case of earthquakes of the maximum possible magnitude Mmax, at the minimum possible distance R from the study area of ​​the projected construction of objects, was carried out using the EAST-2016 software.The specified level of seismic hazard for return periods of 500, 1000 and 5000 years are I = 8, I = 8.3 and 9.1 points MSK-64 scale, respectively.

Монография представляет собой обобщенный материал, полученный авторами при изучении сейсмики взрывов, наведенной сейсмичности, при производстве промышленных взрывов в Южно-Якутском угольном бассейне, и воздействия техногенной сейсмичности на окружающую среду. Приведена сейсмотектоническая характеристика Южной Якутии. Отмечено, что в связи с высокой природной сейсмичностью и близостью Южно-Якутского каменноугольного бассейна к зонам активных разломов, антропогенные воздействия могут в значительной степени влиять на уровень сейсмичности в регионе. Показано влияние техногенного воздействия на изменение локального сейсмического режима в Южной Якутии, приведены результаты геофизического мониторинга по изучению динамики напряженно-деформированного состояния геологической среды от воздействия промышленных взрывов. Оценено влияние сейсмического воздействия массовых взрывов на промышленную инфраструктуру, находящуюся в зоне влияния взрывных работ разреза «Нерюнгринский». Монография рассчитана на специалистов сейсмологов, геофизиков, геологов, аспирантов и студентов горно-геологического направления. Будет полезна специалистам горных предприятий, ведущих разработку полезных ископаемых с применением взрывных технологий. Монография содержит 25 таблиц, 98 рисунков.

ГАЗОНОСНОСТИ НЕРЮНГРИНСКОГО КАМЕННОУГОЛЬНОГО МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯГриб Н.Н. 1,2, Кузнецов П

Монография представляет собой обобщенный материал, полученный авторами при изучении сейсмики взрывов, наведенной сейсмичности, при производстве промышленных взрывов в Южно-Якутском угольном бассейне, и воздействия техногенной сейсмичности на окружающую среду. Приведена сейсмотектоническая характеристика Южной Якутии. Отмечено, что в связи с высокой природной сейсмичностью и близостью Южно-Якутского каменноугольного бассейна к зонам активных разломов, антропогенные воздействия могут в значительной степени влиять на уровень сейсмичности в регионе. Показано влияние техногенного воздействия на изменение локального сейсмического режима в Южной Якутии, приведены результаты геофизического мониторинга по изучению динамики напряженно-деформированного состояния геологической среды от воздействия промышленных взрывов. Оценено влияние сейсмического воздействия массовых взрывов на промышленную инфраструктуру, находящуюся в зоне влияния взрывных работ разреза «Нерюнгринский». Монография рассчитана на специалистов сейсмологов, геофизиков, геологов, аспирантов и студентов горно-геологического направления. Будет полезна специалистам горных предприятий, ведущих разработку полезных ископаемых с применением взрывных технологий. Монография содержит 25 таблиц, 98 рисунков.

В статье рассмотрены физико-механические свойства (ФМС) горных пород Белогорского месторождения в талом и мерзлом состоянии, выполнено их количественное сопоставление. Выполнен расчет устойчивости пород в бортах проектируемого разреза по двум методикам и показана сходимость коэффициентов запаса устойчивости по этим методикам. На основании полученных результатом ФМС рассчитаны углы устойчивых откосов для талого и мерзлого состояния горных пород. В мерзлом состоянии примерно углы круче на 10º, чем по образцам в талом. Отмечено, что в процессе разработки многолетняя мерзлота не будет деградировать, и поэтому наиболее эффективно при строительстве разреза, для расчета устойчивости пород использовать показатели ФМС в мерзлом состоянии.

Тенденции развития науки и образования -117 -РАЗДЕЛ V. НАУКИ О ЗЕМЛЕ Гриб Н.Н

Цель исследования – оценка возможности краткосрочного прогноза землетрясений по геофизическим предвестникам в конкретном регионе. Основная задача, решаемая при исследованиях – установление взаимосвязи между геодинамическими процессами в земной коре и непериодическими вариациями геофизических полей. В процессе исследований выполнен комплекс геофизических и сейсмологических исследований, который позволил выявить геофизические предвестники землетрясений, установить их взаимосвязь с сейсмической активностью и прогнозировать землетрясения. Интерпретируя предшествующие землетрясениям форшоки, прогнозируются ориентировочные координаты эпицентра землетрясения, время возникновения и его энергетический класс.

Цель исследования – оценка различия сейсмических свойств грунтов на границе пологих склонов, представленных скальными породами, и надпойменных речных террас в условиях криолитозоны. Основная задача, решаемая при исследованиях, – установление наличия или отсутствия специфических спектров отклика грунтовой толщи на стыке инженерно-геологических элементов, представленных многолетнемерзлыми породами. В процессе исследований выполнен комплекс геофизических и сейсмологических исследований, который позволил получить результаты оценки локальных грунтовых условий на примере построения специфических спектров отклика грунтовой толщи. Установлен сдвиг спектров со смещением максимального спектрального ускорения в область низких частот и усиления амплитуд над отложениями речной долины. Выявлено, что при всесторонней оценке возможной сейсмической опасности изучаемой площади для точного прогноза поведения грунтов при динамических нагрузках не всегда достаточно метода сейсмических жесткостей.

In this study, the authors used complex seismotectonic, geological and geophysical methods when carrying out scientific research, identifying unfavourable engineering geological conditions for the designed mining facility located in the cryolithozone, as well as when determining the level of basic seismic hazard and performing seismic microzonation. The seismotectonic methods consisted in establishing the relationship between the distribution of local earthquake epicentres and active geological structures. The geophysical studies employing the methods of near-surface seismic tomography and electrical resistivity tomography allowed obtaining of detailed and reliable information on the features of the engineering geological structure of the studied site required to assess the influence of soils on the seismic wave attenuation of possible earthquakes in the region, thus solving the issue of seismic microzonation. Seismotectonic studies consisted in determining the level of basic seismic hazard and were based mainly on previous field studies summarised in a number of published works, some of whose conclusions were used in this article. The analysis of geophysical data allowed the authors to establish probable location of the distributions of ice and ice-rich permafrost, as well as the heterogeneity of soil conditions that affect their behaviour under dynamic loads. The calculated values of probable earthquake intensities allowed the authors to determine the level of maximum earthquake intensity at the designed industrial sites of the mining and refining facility.

In order to obtain some clarity in the matter of assessing the seismic effects from industrial explosions of the state rock massif. Variations of the electrical properties of rock mass before and after explosions were studied by electro tomography. The monitoring studies on the experimental profile selected across the strike one of the regional faults that cut across the career field of the Neryungri was conducted. Observations were made before the explosion, immediately after the explosion, and subsequent observations at intervals of one hour. The electrical resistance increases in the rock mass of tectonic disturbance on the geological structure, which located on the side of the explosion. The electrical resistance decreases in the fault zone, some changes in the electrical resistance of the hanging geological structure. It has been found that the spatial orientation of the fracturing of the rock mass affects the pattern of change in the geoelectric properties of the rock mass. The electrical properties changes in the rock mass from the location of the explosion block in concern to the direction of fracture of the rock mass. In the case when the front of the blast wave propagates along the strike of fractures, the fractures open and the intensity of moisture migration increases significantly, which involve a significant decrease in electrical resistance not only in the zone of tectonic disturbance but also in the underlying geological structure. When the wave front propagates perpendicularly to the stretch of rock mass fractures, cracks also close and moisture migration along the cracks caused by changes in the stress-strain state of the rock mass, is not significant, which is reflected in a slight change in the geoelectric properties of the rock mass in the section of the profile under study.

Research objective - determination of the quantitative indicators of seismic wave attenuation on the area of geotechnical landscapes with contrasting properties and the forecast of the seismic intensity impact within the area of study of the linear engineering structure in conditions of permafrost zone. During the research tasks were performed: study of the geotechnical structure of the area, registration of the microseismic disturbance, acceleration graph of the industrial explosions and powerful man-caused sources of the seismic waves. Main hypothesis of the study - contrast saving of the seismic properties of for-mation from geotechnical landscapes of rooted slopes and above floodplain river terrac-es in conditions of the permafrost zone. During the research complex of geophysical and seismological researches was performed, drawing of the geotechnical section confirmed by the drilling data. Results of the study confirmed main hypothesis - major difference of seismic properties of frost soils foundations for joint landscapes has been established.

In order to estimate the influence of seismic effects from quarry blasts on the state of rock massif by means of electrotomography, magnetometry, and seismological observations, the variations in the physical properties of rocks before and after massive blasts have been studied. Experimental monitoring along the geophysical profile directed across one of the regional faults crossing the quarry field of the Neryungri open-pit coal mine has revealed no significant changes in the magnetic field after blasts. The revealed features include an increase in the electrical resistivity of rocks in the blast-directed wall of the tectonic fault and a decrease in the fault zone; the change in electrical resistivity in the hanging wall is insignificant. It has been found that the change in physical properties of the rock massif is determined mostly by the state (frozen or thawed) of the rocks, rather than by the power of the blast.

The issue of predicting seismic impact of commercial blasting on production infrastructure is of great importance in open cast mining. In this case, the interest to this problem is determined by the need to ensure both safety and efficiency of mining in the vicinity of protected facilities of PJSC Holding Company Yakutugol, affected by mining operations at the Neryungrinsky open-cast coal mine. The performed experimental studies showed that natural factors affect the seismic effect intensity, but are not decisive. Nevertheless, such natural factors as water content, permafrost and seasonal frozen rocks should be taken into account when designing drilling and blasting operations. The ground vibration velocity at the monitoring points depends primarily on the explosive charge weight being maximum in the group, and the hypocentral distance, i.e. the distance from the place (area) inside the block, where rock rupturing and fracturing begin, seismic waves arise at blasting and propagate to the recording point, as well as the single blast scale. In this regard, to ensure confidence and reliability of predicting blasting seismic action on protected facilities for increasing efficiency of drilling and blasting operations in the Neryungrinsky open-cast coal mine, a technique should be developed based on the regularities linking seismic motions during blasting with the blasting characteristics and the hypocentral distance. The dependence obtained from the findings of the experimental studies was implemented in the algorithm when developing the application program "SeismPrognoz", which allows to quickly calculate the maximum vectorial velocity of ground displacement, the explosive charge maximum weight in the group, the safe distance, the total explosive charge weight, and use the information obtained for calculating blasting pattern for a particular block.

The question of predicting the level of industrial blasts seismic effect on the industrial infrastructure is essential in the opencast mining. In our case, the interest is determined by the need to ensure the safety of mining operations with sufficient effectiveness in the protected objects area of OJSHC Yakutugol, located in the zone of mining operations influence Neryungrinsky mine. As a result of experimental researches it is established that natural factors affect the seismic effect intensity, but they are not the determining. However, such factors as water content, seasonal and perennial permafrost rocks should be considered when designing drilling and blasting operations. The speed fluctuations of the soil at the point of observation depends  primarily on the maximum group charge weight of explosives and hypocentral distance, i.e.  the distance from the place inside the block where begins the destruction, cracking the rock and any seismic waves from the explosion, and spread to the point of registration, the scale of mass blasts. That is why it has been necessary to ensure the accuracy and reliability of blast seismic action on protected objects prediction and to improve the efficiency of the drilling technology  and blasting operations at the Neryungrinsky mine. This method should contain the relations  between the seismic motion, as the blast result, and the blast characteristics with hypocentral  distance. As a result of experimental investigations we obtained the dependence, which is  implemented in the algorithm of the application program “SeismPrognoz”. The software  supports quickly calculate the maximum vector speed of ground movement, mass of explosive charge (maximum in the group), a safe distance, the explosive charge total mass and use  the calculation results to create the drilling and blasting passport of specified block.

Рассмотрены вопросы изменения динамики сейсмического процесса при производстве массовых взрывов.Рассчитана статистика распределений землетрясений и взрывов в течение суток.Установлено снижение суммарной энергии землетрясений после начала техногенного воздействия на геологическую среду.В радиусе 60 км от карьера с момента начала работ на угольном разрезе не произошло ни одного землетрясения на уровне 1012 Дж

Geophysical monitoring of the geological environment is one of the main directions in the geodynamic research which makes it possible to follow the processes in the Earth Crust. For prediction purposes it is interesting to know the statistics of the distribution of electromagnetic radiation anomalies which manifests itself in the marked periods of seismic processes. The task is to divide the sources of electromagnetic radiation into exogenous, endogenous and of anthropogenic origin. The law-based change in the distribution statistics of electromagnetic anomalies may be the result of the superposition of two processes. The total signal contains the effect from the close and far away earthquakes due to the wake-up of surface structures in the zones of dynamic influences of activated fissures and also radiation from anthropogenic seismicity which leads to the temporary surface breakup of blocks and, as a consequence, to the decrease of electromagnetic radiation.