Background. The personalized approach implies an individual choice of medicines and their doses for the patient, providing the most effective and safe pharmacotherapy. Objective: analysis of the frequencies of UGT1A1 and DPYD polymorphisms and comparison of genotyping data with irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil-induced toxicity, respectively.Materials and Methods. Venous blood of 94 Caucasian patients (46 men and 48 women, median age 61 years). The *6 and *28 UGT1A1 alleles were identified by pyrosequencing, and the *2А DPYD allele was identified by Real-time PCR.Results. The genotyping of 94 patients with colon cancer did not reveal the *2A SNP in the DPYD gene. The frequency rate of the *6 and *28 alleles of the UGT1A1 gene was 0.346 and 0.016, respectively. 24 % of patients receiving chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil developed side effects associated with the circulatory system and the gastrointestinal tract. Hematological and nonhematological toxic reactions were noted in 48 % and 50 % of patients receiving irinotecan. Severe bilirubinemia was associated with the *28/*28 UGT1A1 genotype. The presence of a high-risk genotype (*28/*1, *28/*28 UGT1A1) correlated with the development of side effects (p=0.040).Conclusion. The absence of carriers of the *2А DPYD allele in the sample with a significant proportion of pronounced adverse toxic reactions to 5-fluorouracil causes the need for the inclusion of new polymorphisms of the DPYD gene in pharmacogenetic testing. The inclusion of genotyping of UGT1A1 polymorphisms into a complex of preliminary examination is advisable when planning treatment with irinotecan.

The attention to the problem of studying etiologic structure and patterns of prevalence of sexually transmitted infections is conditioned by their high morbidity, affection of population of reproductive age mainly and aftermath effecting health of people and their posterity. The polymerase chain reaction in real-time was applied to detect DNA of agents of sexually transmitted diseases in patients with inflammatory and oncologic diseases of urogenital tract. It was established that 55.4% of patients (64.6% females and 35.0% males) were infected by agents from group of sexually transmitted diseases. The mixed infections made up to 53.0% (54.9% females and 45.5% males). The index of prevalence of C. trachomatis in total cohort of examined individuals is equal to 2.2%. The age and gender differences were established concerning rate of detection of DNA of agents of sexually transmitted diseases. The DNA of C. trachomatis and viruses of herpes simplex type I and II was registered more often in males and the DNA of U. parvum/urealyticum, G. vaginalis, M. hominis, Candida spp. and cytomegalovirus - in females. The decreasing of amount of total bacterial mass and lactobacteria was established in all female patients with oncologic diseases. In females of this group the index of total prevalence of urogenital infections is 1.4 times lower than in group with inflammatory pathologies. The rate of mixed infections has factually no differences (52.9% and 55.2% correspondingly) and the level of detection of DNA of virus of human papilloma against the background of sexually transmitted diseases on the contrary is 1.7 times higher. In females being in menopause period total prevalence of agents of sexually transmitted diseases and rate of mixed infections were lower than in female patients of reproductive age.

Objective. To study level and structure of microbial colonization in cancer patients before admission to a surgery department using molecular methods. Materials and Methods. The presence of DNA of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillinresistant coagulase-negative staphylococci, Candida albicans/C. glabrata/C. krusei, Acinetobacter baumannii in the clinical specimens and the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes in cultures were detected by multiplex real-time PCR. A total of 741 clinical samples and 313 cultures were studied. Results. The high level of microbial colonization, including microorganisms with antibiotic resistance genes, was found in cancer patients. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci, A. baumannii and Candida spp. were detected in 56.6%, 20% and 24.8% of cancer patients, respectively. Of patients infected with A. baumannii, 35.9% had OXA-carbapenemase genes. A. baumannii producing blaOXA40 was the most common cause of infectious complications. Conclusions. Molecular methods can be used effectively not only for the diagnosis of infectious diseases, but also in microbiological monitoring programs.

Objective: analysis of the type-specific prevalence of high-risk HPV in dependence on gender, age, the presence of cancer. Material and methods: 424 patients of the RRIO were examined. Urogenital smears in women and in men, urine in men were tested for HPV DNA using PCR. Results: The relative share of HPV-positive patients was 34.4% in women and 39.9% in men. The percentage of HPV-positive patients decreased in older women and increased in men. HPV was registered more oft en in women younger than 25 and older than 45 years old and in men aged 26-45 years. Multiple-type HPV infection was registered more oft en in young patients. HPV 16 was the most prevalent in men and women; next most prevalent types were HPV 31, 52, 18 and 56 in women and HPV 52, 56, 45 and 18 in men. HPV 51 was found in women only. HPV infections were registered in cancer patients 1.9 times more oft en than in patients with inflammatory diseases. A high viral load prevailed in women with cancer; viral load with varying clinical significance was equally frequent in patients with inflammatory diseases. Combinations of simultaneous infection with HPV and STI agents in women with cancer amounted to 70.6% of the total number of STI-positive patients and 41.5% in women with inflammatory diseases, in men – 66.7% and 38.1%, respectively. Conclusions: The obtained results allowed to reveal gender and age differences in the HPV prevalence in dependence on gender, age and the presence of cancer.