Twenty-one strains belonging to 18 species of basidiomycetes from different ecological groups of fungi were isolated from natural sources. Light and electron microscopy was used to determine the morphological properties of the cultures, which confirmed their classification as basidiomycetes and facilitated their identification in monocultures. The capacity of the fungal strains for biosynthesis of antibiotics was determined by one- or two-stage cultivation on seven nutrient media. It was established that, under submerged cultivation, antimicrobial substances were formed by 13 strains (81.25%) of 12 fungal species ( Armillaria sp., Coprinus comatus, Flammulina velutipes, Hypsizygus ulmarius, Lentinus tigrinus, Lycoperdon pyriforme, Macrolepiota procera, Panellus serotinus, Pholiota aurivella, Pholiota lenta, Rhodocollybia maculate , and Sparassis crispa ). The antibiotics formed were efficacious against bacterial test strains, including the methicillin-resistant strain Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the strain Leuconostoc mesenteroides VKPM B-4177 that is resistant to the glycopeptide antibiotics. No antibiotic activity was revealed against fungal test cultures ( Aspergillus niger INA 00760 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae RIA 259).

Изучено прорастание конидий микромицетов рода Trichoderma. Доля прорастающих конидий во всех случаях существенно снижается при повышении показателя популяционной плотности. Наблюдаются различия в экологической стратегии между штаммами. Максимальное количество проросших конидий (30-70%) регистрируется при среднем расстоянии между конидиями 50 мкм.

Изучены особенности ауторегуляции прорастания конидий культур фитопатогенных микромицетов родов Fusarium, Botrytis и Bipolaris. Показано, что Trichoderma longibrachiatum уступает в конкурентоспособности Fusarium oxysporum, однако при обеспечении первой конкурентных преимуществ путем более раннего внесения, она может оказывать на культуру фитопатогена ингибирующее воздействие. Показано, что при воздействии T. longibrachiatum на F. oxysporum для последней утрачивает значение фактор аутоингибирования и, напротив, проявляется кооперативный эффект.

The autoregulation of conidium germination in phytopathogenic micromycetes of the genera Fusarium, Botrytis , and Bipolaris was studied. It was shown that Trichoderma longibrachiatum was less competitive than Fusarium oxysporum after their simultaneous inoculation but inhibited the phytopathogen growth in the case of earlier introduction. In the latter case, no autoinhibition of the germination of F. oxysporum conidia occurred; moreover, a cooperative effect was observed, i.e., the number of germinated F. oxysporum conidia increased with an increase in their density.

The autoregulation of conidium germination in phytopathogenic micromycetes of the genera Fusarium, Botrytis, and Bipolaris was studied. It was shown that Trichoderma longibrachiatum was less competitive than Fusarium oxysporum after their simultaneous inoculation but inhibited the phytopathogen growth in the case of earlier introduction. In the latter case, no autoinhibition of the germination of F. oxysporum conidia occurred; moreover, cooperative effect was observed, i.e., the number of germinated F. oxysporum conidia increased with an increase in their density.

The amount of germinated conidia of micromycetes belonging to the genus Trichoderma considerably decreased with an increase in the population density. Strains exhibited different ecological strategies. The maximum number of germinated conidia (30–70%) was recorded when the average distance between conidia was 50 μm.