Purpose. Morphological and organoleptic evaluation of oyster mushroom strains for selection of highly productive cultivars assortment with valuable consumer properties for winter and summer cultivation and suitability for sale in fresh or processed form were investigated.Methods. The scheme of the experiment included six strains of oyster mushrooms belonging to two species: Pleurotus ostreatus (5 strains: 2301, Z, 2316, 2456, 431) and P. pulmonarius (2314). Laboratory, laboratory-industrial and statistical methods are used.Results. The dynamics of agrochemical parameters of substrates obtained by the method of aerobic fermentation in the high layer proved their optimality according to the main criteria and compliance to regulatory documentation. The biological efficiency of the strains was in the range of 40–78.9%. The highest weight of clusters was found in the “summer” strain 431 (430.7 g). The highest weight of the fruiting body was determined for the strain 2301 (15.2 g), the lowest – for the 2456 (3.3 g).Conclusions. The values of biological efficiency of strains was determined. The highest average values for the first flush of fruiting had strains 2316 (78.9%) from the “winter” group (A) and 431 (78.4%) from the “summer” group (B). According to the results of statistical analysis, significant differences were revealed between the studied strains in the main morphological indicators of clusters. It was found that the mass of clusters of «winter» cultivars is much less dependent on the strain type (220.8–273.4 g) than that of «summer» cultivars (83.4–430.7 g). The index of the asymmetry coefficient of the cluster, which can be useful for calculating the required container sizes was proposed. It was determined that the morphological features of fruiting bodies had significant differences in all studied parameters. In particular, the A group strains differed in size and weight. It was proposed the index of weight loss of the crop coefficient, which shows the ratio between the cap and stipe of the fruiting body and make it possible to predict the amount of mushroom raw material that will be sold in the form of caps, and the amount of raw material that can be processed into minced mushroom, powder and others. The best coefficient was obtained for the fruiting bodies of strain 2314 (0.87), and the worst – for 2456 (0.59), which, accordingly, is not recommended for sale by individual fruiting bodies. It was found that the fruiting bodies of high-yielding strains 2316 and 431 had a number of organoleptic defects.

Shizophyllum commune and Trametes versicolor are well-known medicinal fungi which belonged to phylum Basidiomycota and possess immunomodulating, antimicrobial and anticancer activity. The aim of current study was to investigate physiological activity (antimicrobial, hemagglutinating, and phytotoxic effect) of S. commune 1768 and T. versicolor 353 mycelia grown in submerged conditions on breadcrumb (waste of bread production), used for creation of dietary supplements and functional foods. Antimicrobial activity of S. commune and T. versicolor hot water extracts was evaluated toward Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6896, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and Candida albicans ATCC 885-653 using paper disc method. Hemagglutinating activity was measured by comparing the velocity of erythrocyte sedimentation in human blood groups (ABO) after addition of S. commune and T. versicolor extracts and in control (without addition of fungal extracts). Phytotoxic activity of S. commune and T. versicolor was investigated using inhibition of lateral roots emerging in Cucumis sativus L. seedlings as model. Our findings have shown that S. commune and T. versicolor cultivated in submerged conditions on breadcrumb exhibited similar physiological activity: the highest inhibition rates of fungal extracts were shown toward P. vulgaris; human erythrocyte hemagglutination with crude mycelia extracts didn’t significantly differ from control. At the same time, S. commune hot water extract showed phytotoxic activity at concentrations higher 35 mg/ml, though T. versicolor hot water extract exhibited phytotoxic activity at all concentrations. The mycelia of S. commune and T. versicolor grown in submerged culture on breadcrumb possess antimicrobial and phytotoxic activity and can be assumed a safe base for dietary supplements and functional foods

INFLUENCE OF MUSHROOM GANODERMA LUCIDUM (CURT.: FR.) P. KARST. ON THE HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE IN MICE LINE CBA / Ca WITH SECONDARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY. V.T. Pidchenko*, I.V. Nizhenkovska*, N.G. Bychkova*, N.A. Bisko**, A.Y. Rodnichenko*** *Bogomolets National medical university, Kyiv **M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany NASU, Kyiv ***The State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative MedicineNAMSUkraine, Kyiv Summary: The article shows the results of the investigation of the influence of biomass powder of mushroom Ganoderma lucidum on the humoral immune response in mice line CBA / Ca in terms of the simulated secondary immunodeficiency. To simulate the immunodeficiency was used the immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide, which was administered once a dose of 150 mg / kg, intraperitoneally, the first day of the experiment. Results of the study show that the application of Ganoderma Lucidum biomass powder in mice line CBA / Ca with induced immune deficiency, causes a significant increase in the number of antibody-producing cells in the spleen and antibody levels in serum. Key words: Ganoderma lucidum, humoral immune response, cyclophosphamide, immunodeficiency. Introduction. Searching and development of remedies of natural origin is an actual problem today. In recent decades, basidiomycetes and biologically active substances extracted from them, attracted attention of scientists in Asia andNorth America. Ganoderma lucidum, a native biosidiomycetous fungus, has been used inChina,Japan andKorea to prevent and treat bronchitis, chronic hepatitis, hypertension, atherosclerosis, tumor growth and immunological disorders for over 2000 years. The influence of biomass powder of mushroom Ganoderma lucidum, grown by submerged cultivation, at various immunity in immunodeficient conditions is not studied. Therefore the aim of our study was to determine the influence of biomass powder of mushroom Ganoderma lucidum on humoral immune response in mice with secondary immunodeficiency in vivo. Methods. The biomass of mushroom Ganoderma lucidum was grown by submerged cultivation. To simulate the immunodeficiency was used the immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide, which was administered once a dose of 150 mg / kg, intraperitoneally, the first day of the experiment. The number of antibody-producing cells in the spleen and antibody levels in serum were discovered. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using Student`s t-test. Results and discussion. The introduction of biomass powder of mushroom Ganoderma lucidum for 10 days to mice line CBA / Ca with secondary experimental immunodeficiency causes a significant increase in the number of cells in femur. The recovery of thymus weight, relative thymus weight, thymus settlement index and number of lymphoid cells in the organ to the level of data in a group of control mice after the administration of biomass powder was not found. The introduction of biomass powder of mushroom Ganoderma lucidum to mice line CBA / Ca with secondary experimental immunodeficiency causes a significant increase in the relative number of antibody-producing cells in the spleen in 2 times, the absolute number of antibody-producing cells in 2,1 times compared with the group of mice treated with cyclophosphamide. The antibody levels increase in 6,7 times (hemolysin titer) and 2,4 times (hemagglutinin titer). Conclusions. Thus, the results of the study show that the introduction of biomass powder fungus Ganoderma lucidum to mice line CBA / Ca with secondary experimental immunodeficiency causes a significant increase in the number of antibody-producing cells in the spleen and antibody levels in serum, which may indicate the immunomodulatory effect of biomass powder of fungus Ganoderma lucidum on humoral immune response.

Twenty-one strains belonging to 18 species of basidiomycetes from different ecological groups of fungi were isolated from natural sources. Light and electron microscopy was used to determine the morphological properties of the cultures, which confirmed their classification as basidiomycetes and facilitated their identification in monocultures. The capacity of the fungal strains for biosynthesis of antibiotics was determined by one- or two-stage cultivation on seven nutrient media. It was established that, under submerged cultivation, antimicrobial substances were formed by 13 strains (81.25%) of 12 fungal species ( Armillaria sp., Coprinus comatus, Flammulina velutipes, Hypsizygus ulmarius, Lentinus tigrinus, Lycoperdon pyriforme, Macrolepiota procera, Panellus serotinus, Pholiota aurivella, Pholiota lenta, Rhodocollybia maculate , and Sparassis crispa ). The antibiotics formed were efficacious against bacterial test strains, including the methicillin-resistant strain Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the strain Leuconostoc mesenteroides VKPM B-4177 that is resistant to the glycopeptide antibiotics. No antibiotic activity was revealed against fungal test cultures ( Aspergillus niger INA 00760 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae RIA 259).

The myceliual biomass and culture liquid of Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. were investigated. 17 amino acids with majority of 3 essential amino acids: lysine, leucine, threonine were determinated. Generally lipids fraction of C. sinensis mycelial biomass contains 10 fatty acids аnd in culture liquid – 12. It was found out predomination of unsaturated fatty acids in mycelial biomass (77.82%) and culture liquid (74.34%) of C. sinensis. Mycelial biomass and culture liquid of C. sinensis had vitamins В1 , В2 , В12, А, С, carotenoids and 14 chemical elements.

У міцеліальній масі та культуральній рідині Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. ідентифіковано 17 амінокислот з домінуванням 3-х незамінних: лізину, лейцину, треоніну. У загальньній фракції ліпідів міцеліальної маси C. sinensis знайдено 10 жирних кислот, а в культуральній рідині – 12. Виявлено переважання ненасичених жирних кислот у жирнокислотному складі міцеліальної маси (77,82%) та культуральної рідини (74,34%) C. sinensis. У міцеліальній масі та культуральній рідині C. sinensis встановлено наявність вітамінів В1 , В2 , В12, А, С, каротиноїдів та 14 хімічних елементів.

The ability of soil mycobacteria for the synthesis of true waxes may be revealed on media with hydrocarbons. Most strains produced only traces of wax, and some strains (2 out of 62) in considerable amounts (over 1% of dry biomass). The chemical composition of the wax depends on the structrue of oxidized substrate: a mixture of two to three homologues with the molecular weights of 452, 480 and 508, respectively, is formed on a medium with hexadecane, and a mixture of seven homologues with the homologous difference of 14 in the case of glucose.