In 1903, on the basis of Morozov Institute of the Moscow Imperial University (currently, P. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Center, a branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation), the first specialized unit in Russia was opened – department of radiation therapy of oncological diseases, in which scientific research in the field of medical radiology was officially launched in our country for the first time. The first studies in the field of radiation therapy can be attributed to this period. The article presents a brief summary of the historical development of radiotherapy in the world and in Russia; provides information on the achievements of global importance, fundamental for this scientific field. The activities of leading Russian organizations in the field of radiation therapy are reviewed; names of scientists, doctors and other specialists who have made a significant contribution to its development are provided. The main literature sources relevant to the field are given. The data in this article may be of interest and be useful for biomedical scientists, practicing radiologists and radiotherapists, oncologists, medical and graduate students, interns and other specialists.

In 1903, on the basis of Morozov Institute of the Moscow Imperial University (currently, P. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Center, a branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation), the first specialized unit in Russia was opened – department of radiation therapy of oncological diseases, in which scientific research in the field of medical radiology was officially launched in our country for the first time. The first studies in the field of radiation therapy can be attributed to this period.The article presents a brief summary of the historical development of radiotherapy in the world and in Russia; provides information on the achievements of global importance, fundamental for this scientific field. The activities of leading Russian organizations in the field of radiation therapy are reviewed; names of scientists, doctors and other specialists who have made a significant contribution to its development are provided. The main literature sources relevant to the field are given.The data in this article may be of interest and be useful for biomedical scientists, practicing radiologists and radiotherapists, oncologists, medical and graduate students, interns and other specialists.

The Department of Dermatology and Venereology and Dermatooncology of M.F. Vladimirskiy MRRCI and the Department of Photodynamic diagnosis and therapy of A. Tsyb MRRC developed a new technique of photodynamic therapy for basal cell carcinoma with local application of chlorine series Photolon. Photodynamic therapy with the local use of this drug has shown to be highly effective in the treatment of all clinical forms of the disease. Photodynamic therapy techniques basal cell carcinoma using local and intravenous photosensitizer comparable with each other. Our results have shown that photodynamic therapy using a photosensitizer local has significant advantages. The method is inexpensive and effective treatment with good cosmetic result, does not require compliance with the light regime, has no side effects and complications, can be used without restriction of age and the presence of comorbidities, the treatment of choice in patients with severe somatic pathology in patients older age group, can be used for disease recurrence repeated many times. PDT is preferably carried out in an outpatient setting.

The review provides data on potentials of photodynamic therapy to serve as minimally invasive synovectomy, local anti-inflammatory therapy and extracorporeal photochemotherapy (photopheresis) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Analysis of the literature suggests that the use of photodynamic therapy for development of new effective treatments of rheumatoid arthritis is prospective.

The role of different laser energy densities used in photodynamic therapy in the reparation of radiation ulcers caused by X-ray exposure in a dose of 80 Gy was studied. Tissue reparation manifested differently at different laser energy densities. After photodynamic therapy at energy density of 0.1 J/cm 2 the rate of healing was notably higher during early periods. After exposure at 5 and 40 J/cm 2 acceleration of ulcer healing was observed 14 and more days after the treatment, indicating the emergence of another mechanism of photodynamic therapy effect. Laser energy density of 5 J/cm 2 was the most effective for maximally complete healing of radiation ulcers.