The paper contains results of the investigation of the laser-inducedfluorescence detection method for the assessment ofbrain metabolism in situ through the dura mater. Models ofanoxia and acute brain ischemia were used for the evaluation ofreliability of the method utilizing registration of reduced tissuepyridine nucleotides fluorescence, as well as for the assessmentof the viability index, based on the conversion of oxy- anddeoxyhemoglobin. Some pathobiochemical mechanisms ofalterations in the pool ofpyridine nucleotides in anoxia and ischemia were analyzed.

Presented is a review of the literature on the problem of hypoxic-ischemic perinatal brain damage in the context of alterations of astroglial regulation of neuronal energy metabolism and mechanisms of excitotoxicity. Characteristics of energy metabolism in the developing brain responsible for specificity of its damage in perinatal period, as well as cell and molecular mechanisms of disturbances of neuron-astrocyte coupling controlling regulation of neuroplasticity are discussed.

Нарушение функционирования или жизнеспособ-ности клеток головного мозга при острой или хрониче-ской нейродегенерации связано с самыми разными пато-логическими событиями: митохондриальной дисфунк-цией; дефицитом энергетических субстратов; изменением активности и уровня экспрессии белков-компонентов клеточных сигнальных систем; нарушением электровоз-будимости; окислительным стрессом; микроциркуля-торными расстройствами; гиперпродукцией цитокинов; изменением секреции и рецепции нейротрансмиттеров; развитием апоптоза и некроза [1].В числе факторов, определяющих характер и степень выраженности этих нарушений, находится метаболизм никотинамидадениндинуклеотида (НАД

The paper presents application of inhalation anesthetic sevofluoran during artificial blood circulation. Its application avoids the negative influence of intravenous anesthetics that are used to anesthesiological protection during perfusion. These anesthetics have negative influence on heart activity which provides hemodynamic stability. Application of anesthetics with low cardio depressive influence is more favorable. Sevofluoran provides faster post narcosis improvement of central nervous system activity, early activation of the patient and decreases ALV.

The pathogenesis of neuronal dysfunction was evaluated from the viewpoint of cellular disturbances in NAD(+) metabolism and changes in activity of NAD(+)-utilizing enzymes (e g., ADP-ribosyl cyclase/CD38). S-100B concentration and CD38 expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes were altered in patients after surgery for coronary heart disease with extracorporeal circulation. These changes in patients during the early postoperative period correlated with variations in CD38 expression on neuronal cells from postischemic rats with cognitive dysfunction.

На модели перинатального гипоксически-ишемического повреждения головного мозга крыс обнаружено изменение экспрессии и активности бифункционального фермента CD38 в клетках нейрональной и глиальной природы, определяющее особенности развития реактивного глиоза и реализации функционального сопряжения между АДФ-рибозилциклазой и коннексином 43 в становлении нейрон-глиальных взаимодействий.

We studied changes in the expression and activity of a bifunctional enzyme, CD38, in neurons and glia induced by perinatal hypoxia-ischemia in rats. These changes influenced reactive gliosis and functional coupling between ADP-ribosyl cyclase and connexin 43 in the development of neuron-glia interactions.

The present views of the pathogenesis of neuronal dysfunction in critical conditions are analyzed, by taking into account of impairments of cellular NAD+ metabolism, the activity of NAD+-converting enzymes, including ADP-ribosyl cyclase/CD38, the possibilities of developing new neuroprotective strategies. Key words: neuronal dysfunction, ADP-rybosyl cyclase/CD38, NAD+, critical condition.

The currently available data on the pathogenesis of a systemic inflammatory reaction (SIR) are reviewed in terms of dys-regulation of membrane-cytoskeletal interactions, cellular adhesion, membrane particle release, and development of endothelial dysfunction as a key factor in the genesis of SIR. Key words: systemic inflammatory reaction, membrane particles, blebbing, selectines, cytokines.

Objective: to optimize the diagnosis of a systemic inflammatory reaction (SIR) after aortocoronary bypass surgery (ACBS) under extracorporeal circulation (EC), by examining the reaction of the peripheral blood lymphocytic plasma membrane to surgery. Subjects and methods. Eighty-three patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) who had undergone ACBS were examined. The lymphocytic plasma membrane was studied before and 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after surgery. Lymphocytes were derived on the ficoll-verografin (Pharmacia Chemical, Uppsala, Sweden) density gradient (p=1.077). The isolated cells were investigated by phase contrast microscopy (900X). Results. The patients with CHD were found to have perioperative peripheral lymphocytic plasma membrane changes (blebbing), the genesis of which was determined by impaired membrane-cytoskeleton interactions. More plasma membrane changes occurred throughout the postoperative period, with their maximum being recorded on day 1, which corresponded to the increase peak in the concentrations of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-а. Conclusion. The follow-up cell membrane changes appearing as peripheral lymphocytic blebbing reflect the development of SIR during ACBS under EC. In patients with CHD, the lymphocytic plasma membrane blebbing is of varying degrees: from early to terminal. The determination of peripheral lymphocytic blebbing allows one not only to record SIR, but also to assess its time course of changes. Key words: lymphocytic blebbing, systemic inflammatory reaction, aortocoronary bypass surgery, extracorporeal circulation.

The expression of connexin 43 and CD38 and ADP ribosyl cyclase activity in brain cells were studied in rats with experimental hypoxic and ischemic damage to the CNS. Changes in the expression and activity of the enzyme were detected over the course of ischemic injury indicating a possible contribution of NAD(+)-converting activity and NAD(+)-transporting processes to the pathogenesis of acute cerebral ischemic injury.

We studied the mechanism of interaction of peripheral blood neutrophils with endothelial cells (expression of cell adhesion molecules and production of NO) and the role of neutrophil apoptosis in the development of endothelial dysfunction. The effects of mitochondrial dysfunction of neutrophils on the development of apoptosis of these cells after their interaction with endothelial cells were analyzed.

to study progression of apoptosis and alterations in brain ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity during early postischemic period. Material & Methods: modeling of acute ischemic damage of brain was performed with a method of right carotid artery clamping in rats of experimental (duration of postischemic period was 24 and 48 hr) and control groups (n=25). In thin brain slices, apoptosis has been detected with TUNEL method. Activity of ADP-ribosyl cyclase has been measured fluorimetrically in brain tissue homogenates. Results: We found significant increase of the enzyme activity in neurons of frontal and occipital regions of brain in a zone of ischemia during 24 hr of early postischemic period followed by the activity's fall at 48 hr. Also, inhibition of ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity in intact hemisphere was revealed at 48 hr after ischemia. We were able to detect changes in apoptosis progression in various brain regions throughout the postischemic period. Conclusions: Pathogenetic role of alterations of ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity in initiation and progression of neuronal apoptosis induced by ischemia is postulated.

Methods of optical biopsy have a series of advantages before other methods of clinical diagnostics. The high accuracy of received results enables registration even small change of concentration of substances, and the opportunity of remote registration makes methods optical biopsy by an optimum means for noninvasive methods of diagnostics in medicine. The method of the fluorescent analysis allows to investigate dynamics of changes of a functional condition of organs and tissue in norm and pathologies, called by the various factors (an inflammation, ischemia, degenerative changes). Bring the results of development of expiremental setup for the laser fluorescent analysis of physiological and functional condition of various organs and tissue of organism. In expiremental setup was used pulse UF nitric laser with length of wave generation = 337 nm. For delivery of radiation to tissue, and, also, collection of a radiation of fluorescence were used various optic fiber scheme. The expiremental setup includes automated tunable monochromator and ADC, receiving a signal from photomultiplier tube. Driving of all blocks and processing of results is realize on IBM-compatible computer with the appropriate software. Was used the synchronous detecting for reducing of a background signal. Myocard at surgical introoperation by an accompanied condition of sharp ischemia was researches on these expiremental setup. Spectrofluorimetric criteria of an estimation of a condition of viscus at peritonitis were development.

This paper summarizes theoretical and practical aspects of UV lasers used in biology and medicine and contains characteristics of the main types of UV lasers. The perspectives for the application of UV lasers based on molecular nitrogen are proposed, and the problems and further development of lasers with longitudinal discharge are analyzed, including the necessity of creating new schemes for pulsed generators for the excitation of nitrogen lasers with longitudinal discharge. The advantages of using magnetic compression of the pulse are presented. The advantages and problems involved in the development of miniaturized waveguide nitrogen lasers are shown. The principle possibility of attaining laser generation on molecular nitrogen in thin discharge cells under the self-breakdown mode is demonstrated. Mechanisms of laser immunocorrection with nitrogen laser irradiation are analyzed. New opportunities in the use of laser fluorescence optical biopsy for the assessment of functional characteristics of different organs and tissues under physiological and pathological conditions are demonstrated.