На основе простых рассуждений и известных экспериментальных фактов, показано, что основным свойством жидкости и воды в частности является свойство неполноты. Наличие подпространства необъемной размерности, напоминающее текстуру в фиксированный момент времени, объясняет многие нестыковки классического термодинамического подхода и дает простое объяснение результатов гидрооптических измерений, в особенности касающееся экспериментов с чистой водой.

We present the results of measurements of optical characteristics of waters (the beam attenuation coefficient, volume scattering function, sea water reflectance, and Secchi depth) and optical characteristics of the atmosphere (aerosol optical thickness, content of vapors, and the Ångström exponent) carried out in September 2008 on the oceanographic platform near Katsiveli. We carried out the comparative analysis of hydrooptical characteristics measured in various years. The optical type of sea waters in the period of observations is determined.

We consider a method used for the solution of the inverse problem of biooptics of the sea according to the spectrum of upwelling radiation and propose a procedure for the correction of the data of measurement by fixing the value of reflectance at a wavelength of 400 nm. The influence of this assumption on the results of retrieving of the concentrations of admixtures in seawater is analyzed. The computed values of the concentration of chlorophyll correspond to the data of direct biological measurements, and the reconstructed spectra of the absorption coefficient of phytoplankton have local maxima typical of biological particles. The applied correction allows us to decrease the influence of measurement errors on the results of retrieving and to increase the stability of solution of the inverse problem.

We study the problem of the choice of initial approximation for the reflection and transmission coefficients in numerical methods based on the principle of “interaction.” The disadvantages of the approximation of single scattering are demonstrated and the regularities of propagation of light in media with strongly anisotropic scattering are analyzed. Semianalytic expressions proposed for the evaluation of the initial approximation enable one to determine the characteristics of the light field in plane-parallel media with relative errors of about 10−5 within the framework of the algorithm of “adding” of layers.

We present the description and preliminary results of the international subsatellite experiment carried out on the oceanographic platform located in the Black Sea (near the South Coast of Crimea in the region of Katsiveli). A brief description of the equipment and experimental procedure is given. Some preliminary results of the experiment, including the data on the behavior of biooptical parameters as functions of time and their correlation, are presented. These data cover a broad range of variation of the biooptical properties of the sea and can be used for the quantitative comparison with the data of the MERIS, MODIS, and SeaWiFS scanners.