The results of the use of terahertz (THz) irradiation generated by a silicon nanosandwich under conditions of a stabilized source-drain current in the treatment of covid complications are presented. THz irradiation was used in addition to drug therapy for the treatment of patients with COVID-19, which made it possible to reduce the patient’s stay in the intensive care unit, reduce the time of patient intubation and stay on mechanical ventilation, and reduce the radiological and pharmacological burden on the patient. An idea was obtained about the resonant response of a living biological tissue to THz irradiation, which made it possible to formulate requirements for irradiation parameters depending on the characteristics of the biological tissue under study. The characteristics of resonant frequencies for the pulmonary alveoli were determined, which made it possible to develop and use the proposed treatment method for the treatment of pneumonia caused by COVID-19.

The results of the use of terahertz (THz) irradiation generated by a silicon nanosandwich under conditions of a stabilized source-drain current in the treatment of covid complications are presented. THz irradiation was used in addition to drug therapy for the treatment of patients with COVID-19, which made it possible to reduce the patient's stay in the intensive care unit, reduce the time of patient intubation and stay on mechanical ventilation, and reduce the radiological and pharmacological burden on the patient. An idea was obtained about the resonant response of a living biological tissue to THz irradiation, which made it possible to formulate requirements for irradiation parameters depending on the characteristics of the biological tissue under study. The characteristics of resonant frequencies for the pulmonary alveoli were determined, which made it possible to develop and use the proposed treatment method for the treatment of pneumonia caused by COVID-19.

The characteristics of terahertz (THz) irradiation generated by a silicon nanosandwich structure under the conditions of a stabilized drain-source current are demonstrated. The frequency of irradiation arising from the quantum Faraday effect is determined by the parameters of microcavities embedded in the edge channels of a silicon nanosandwich structure confined by the negative-U centers. The obtained characteristics of a compact THz irradiation source determine the basis for highly effective medical applications.

В последние 30 лет проявляется большой интерес к использованию терагерцевого (ТHz) излучения в различных сферах, таких как системы безопасности, связь, спектроскопия. Кроме того, ТHz-излучение получает все большее применение в практической медицине, в частности, продемонстрированы возможности влияния ТHz-излучения на реакции метаболизма в сочетании с управлением важнейшими биохимическими процессами в организме человека. Это, в свою очередь, стимулировало разработку компактных источников и приемников ТHz- и гигагерцевого (GHz) излучения электромагнитного спектра на основе развития кремниевой опто- и наноэлектроники. Были созданы кремниевые излучатели с возможностью управления ТHz- и GHz-частотной модуляцией, что позволило применить их для эффективной терапии демиелинизирующих заболеваний центральной нервной системы. Ключевые слова: кремниевый наносандвич, терагерцевое излучение, микрорезонаторы, терапия заболеваний центральной нервной системы.

Over the past 30 years, there has been a great deal of interest in the use of terahertz (THz) radiation in various fields, such as security systems, communications, and spectroscopy. In addition, THz radiation is increasingly being used in practical medicine; in particular, the potential of THz irradiation for influencing metabolic reactions together with controlling the most important biochemical processes taking place in the human body has been demonstrated. In turn, this has stimulated the development of compact sources and detectors of THz and gigahertz (GHz) electromagnetic radiation on the basis of development of silicon optoelectronics and nanoelectronics. Silicon emitters with the ability to control THz and GHz frequency modulation are created, which enables their use for effective therapy of demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system.

Background. Thermometry of acupuncture points in patients with a cardio- neurological profile with a coma in clinic in the acute period of ischemic stroke is a factor that increases the effectiveness of treatment and extends early rehabilitation measures. Objective. The rationale for the application of monitoring the temperature of the skin surface in the area of representative acupuncture points to determine the area of influence and to control the dynamics of the course application of infrared radiation with terahertz modulation in complex treatment and early rehabilitation of patients in acute of ischemic stroke. Design and methods. The understanding of the normal values of temperature at acupuncture points was obtained according to the monitoring its temperature indicators ("Acupuncture Points Temperature Monitoring" test = APTM-test) in 120 conditionally healthy people: 60 men and 60 women aged 23 to 65 (mean age 58 ± 2.5 years). Sensitec NF-3101 (Nederland) infrared non-contact thermometer was used to measure the temperature in points. The study took place at the departments of cardiology, resuscitation and neurology at Almazov National Medical Research Centre. The study included 60 patients of cardio-neurological profile in the acute period of ischemic stroke with clinical symptoms of coma at 24 women and 36 men aged from 18 to 86 years (mean age 59 ± 1.2 years). Results. Exposure of acupuncture points (Bai Hui (GV 20), Guan Yuan (CV 4), Da Zhui (GV 14), Dabao (SP 21), He Gu (LI 4), Tai Chong (LV 3)) to infrared terahertz radiation was carried out prior to stabilization of temperature indicators within the normal range during regress of clinical symptoms with a decrease in thermal asymmetry at paired points in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Conclusion. A set of representative acupuncture points (APTM-test) was proposed to monitor the temperature, to select the area of exposure, and to control the dynamics of the clinical symptoms of patients in the acute period of ischemic stroke. Acupuncture points temperature and thermal asymmetry monitoring in patients with acute ischemic stroke allows us to evaluate the regression of clinical symptoms and increase the effectiveness of complex treatment and rehabilitation.

Background. Early pulmonary complications after cardiosurgery worsen general state of the patients, require additional therapeutic and diagnostic measures, increase the pharmacological load, extend the length of stay in the hospital and in some cases leads to the lethal outcome. Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the infrared radiation with terahertz modulation in the early-onset hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients after cardiosurgery. Design and methods. This is an observational retrospective open comparative study with pseudo-control (“case-control study”). We included patients with pulmonary complications (infi ltrative and focal changes in the lungs diagnosed as nosocomial pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia) in the early post-cardiosurgery period (after coronary bypass surgery and / or prosthetic heart valves). They were divided into 2 groups: we applied infrared Terahertz radiation at the acupuncture point Da-bao (RР 21) (“IK-Dipole”, Russia) in addition to the standard therapy in the 1st group. The patients of the 2nd group received only standard therapy. Results. Early (the fi rst day) application of infrared radiation with terahertz modulation allowed to reduce terms of stay of the patient in the intensive care unit (by 4-8 days); to reduce radiological and pharmacological stress; to reduce the intubation and ventilation time (by 4-8 days); to improve prognosis; to start earlier (by 4-8 days) the rehabilitation activities. Conclusion. Therefore, the infrared radiation with terahertz modulation helps to improve the quality and effectiveness of treatment in patients with pulmonary complications after cardiosurgery.

This review of the literature publications is focused on the articles in domestic and foreign editions devoted to the research on biological effects of electromagnetic radiation in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. It makes use of the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, RSCI, and other databases containing the relevant references for the period from 1970 up to the present days. This physical factor has found application in the Russian physiotherapeutic practice not very long ago. The main areas of its application include cardiovascular disease and neurological conditions. At the same time. the influence of electromagnetic radiation in the terahertz frequency range on human health and vital activity remains virtually unexplored. The available publications give evidence of the high biological activity of the terahertz electromagnetic waves which suggests the necessity of their further investigation.

Objective. We present the data of the retrospective clinical study in order to summarize the experience of the implementation of infrared radiation with terahertz modulation 0,086–7,5 μm (0,02 to 8 THz) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Design and methods. We followed up 61 patients with AIS (age from 18 to 86 years, mean age 59 ± 1 year), 24 women and 36 men, who were divided into two groups: group I (n = 30) and II (n = 31). Patients from the group II received standard pharmacotherapy in acute stroke unit and during hospitalization. Patients from the group I in addition to standard pharmacotherapy underwent procedures of transcranail application of infrared radiation. The radiator was established on parietal area in a projection of an acupuncture point Bai-Huey (VG‑20) independent of brain lesion localization. Results. Patients from the group I demonstrated earlier recovery, earlier consciousness, a more rapid regression of neurological symptoms and earlier expansion of physical activities compared to the second group. For two years of dynamic supervision patients from the group I showed stable and even better indicators of Barthel index, Rankin scale and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHHS) compared to the group II. This can be due to the better compliance of patients from the group I to treatment and a positive effect of the 6–10 procedures of the infrared radiation modulated by terahertz frequencies. Conclusions. Infrared radiation modulated by terahertz frequencies can be recommended in acute ischemic stroke as a part of complex treatment. A prospective controlled randomized study involving patients with ischemic stroke is required in order to develop the precise approaches for infrared radiation application.

Effectiveness of infrared-terahertz radiation with acupuncture in the initial period of ischemic stroke. This article presents the data of observational retrospective clinical investigation aiming at generalization of the experience of usage of infrared terahertz radiation combined with acupuncture for treatment of the patients in the initial period of ischemic stroke. The experimental group contained 30 patients which had various clinical problems at the initial period of hospitalization. The attempts to dissolve these problems within the acceptable period of time employing domestic and international standard treatment approaches failed. The control group consisted of 31 patients with uncomplicated course of stroke. The patients of the experimental group in addition to the standard treatment received infrared terahertz treatment (device ) combined with acupuncture. Despite the fact that the condition of the patients in the experimental group at admission was much serious than in the control group, at the time of discharge the level of functioning of the first group was definitely higher than the second. In 6 months that superiority increased and has been retained during two years of following up. Despite the fact that the employed in the current investigation method has been used for dissolving different clinical problems, it has been resulted in increase of the general level of functioning proved by the dynamics of such an integral criterion as index Barthel. This means that employment of infrared terahertz radiation in the stroke patients possesses the systemic effect. To recommend the discussed method for treatment of all patients in the initial period of stroke as well as its repeated employment during rehabilitation the separate prospective randomized clinical trials should be undertaken.

The current conceptions of non- pharmacological therapeutic methods capabilities and mechanism of their action. The current article demonstrates the modern capabilities of non-pharmacological therapeutic methods on the example of effective use of infrared-terahertz radiation and acupuncture in cases when the standard treatments failed. The first clinical presentation describes the case of successful intervention in the stroke patient on his 18 day of staying in coma. The second presentation dedicates to rehabilitation of a post-stroke patient with hemiparesis and wheelchair use for five years. Then the modern approaches to understanding the employed methods are proposed. The developing concept is based on the idea that the applied therapeutic modalitiy forms an afferent matrix-challenge in the central nervous system to which the latter elaborates the reciprocal efferent matrix-response. In the process of reaction the central nervous system performs a kind of reboot of its system functional connections thus eliminating stagnant pathological dominants and inhibitions. It is proposed to employ the accumulated experience in the conditions of increasing restriction of drugs and medical devices import.