This review describes the current methods of protein immunoanalysis, including radioimmunoanalysis, ELISA, immuno-PCR, electrochemical analysis, and chromatin immunoprecipitation, as well as their principal areas of application

Описан новый формат иммуно-ПЦР, основанный на детекции мембранного белка CDH17 в составе сывороточных экзосом. Использование формата позволяет различить образцы сыворотки крови здоровых доноров и больных раком толстой кишки. Полученные результаты открывают возможность сывороточной диагностики рака толстой кишки в группах повышенного риска.

A new immuno-PCR format based on the detection of CDH17 membrane protein in serum exosomes is proposed. Using the technique described, it was possible to distinguish between serum specimens obtained from healthy donors and colon cancer patients. The results suggest that the new technique may enable the serological diagnosis of colon cancer in high-risk groups.

В обзоре описаны современные методы иммуноанализа белков: радиоиммуноанализ, иммуноферментный анализ, иммуно-ПЦР, электрохимический анализ и метод коиммунопреципитации хроматина, а также основные области их применения.

The screening for enteric α-defensin was performed in the blood serum of oncology patients and healthy donors. Enteric α-defensin was not detected in all serum samples from five healthy donors, while serum samples from two of the five oncology patients had the processed form of this protein. The acquired results allow us to suggest the possibility of the serological diagnostics of large intestinal tumors in high-risk groups.

This review describes the most popular methods of search for serological markers of tumors that are used in clinical setting, provided with comparison of their efficiency.

This review describes the most popular methods of search for serological markers of tumors that are used in clinical setting, provided with comparison of their efficiency.

It was demonstrated that enteric alpha-defensin 5 is undetectable in five blood serum samples of healthy donors, whereas its processed form is present in two out of five serum samples of colon cancer patients. Obtained results open a possibility of serological diagnosis of colon tumors in high risk cancer patients.

The review summarizes our current knowledge on the role of tumor-derived exosomes and microvesicles in the progression, metastasis, and angiogenesis of tumors, as well as in the suppression of adaptive and innate immunity.

A new DNA reporter construct has been designed for protein quantification by immuno-PCR. It has been shown that the amplification efficiency of a reporter that contains a fragment of human adenovirus 2 flanked by homoprimer sequences is much higher than standard PCR format based on two different primers. The further application of the new construct and its homoprimer-based detection could represent new ways to increase the sensitivity of the immuno-PCR and the efficiency of single-molecule PCR.

Microbes living in the mammalian gut exist in constant contact with immunity system that prevents infection and maintains homeostasis. Enteric alpha defensins play an important role in regulation of bacterial colonization of the gut, as well as in activation of pro- and anti-inflammatory responses of the adaptive immune system cells in lamina propria. This review summarizes currently available data on functions of mammalian enteric alpha defensins in the immune defense and changes in their secretion in intestinal inflammatory diseases and cancer.

Разработан новый алгоритм биоинформатического поиска потенциальных сывороточных маркеров опухолей, включающий: 1) идентификацию микроРНК, уровень синтеза которых наиболее заметно и часто понижается в опухолях; 2) поиск мРНК-мишеней, регулируемых микроРНК; 3) отбор мишеней, кодирующих секреторные белки; 4) сравнительный анализ уровней транскрипции мишеней в нормальных и опухолевых тканях. Практическое использование алгоритма позволило обнаружить семь потенциальных сывороточных маркеров опухолей толстой кишки: ADAMTS14, ANGPT2, CCL7, DEFA5, MMP11, MMP14 и PLAU. Экспериментально показано, что уровень синтеза двух из семи белков (MMP14 и DEFA5) в опухолях толстой кишки значительно превышает уровень в нормальной ткани.

New algorithm of bioinformatic search for potential serum tumor markers has been worked out, including: (1) identification of microRNAs with the level of synthesis most evidently and often decreasing in tumors; (2) search for target mRNAs regulated by microRNAs; (3) selection of targets encoding secretory proteins; (4) comparative analysis of transcription level of the targets in normal and tumor tissues. Practical use of the algorithm has allowed us to detect seven potential serum markers of colon tumors: ADAMTS14, ANGPT2, CCL7, DEFA5, MMP11, MMP14, and PLAU. It has been experimentally indicated that the level of synthesis of two of seven proteins (MMP14 and DEFA5) is significantly increased in colon tumors compared to normal tissue.

A modified method of proteome comparative analysis based on preliminary removal of cell structural proteins by extraction using salt buffer and subsequent separation of extracts by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was developed. Identification of differentially expressed proteins by mass spectrometry has revealed three proteins with noticeably increased level of synthesis in most samples of papillary thyroid tumors compared to normal tissues. An increase in ubiquitin content was found for the first time. Oncomarker search efficiencies by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and bioinformatic search were compared.

Amixine reactivity and tolerability were evaluated in controlled trial at the risk group of medical personal at the period of flu and respiratory viral infection season. Drugs safety was estimated according to anamnesis, direct observation and hemogram. High efficacy of the drug for the infections prophylaxis and treatment was demonstrated. The drug was well tolerated and had no side effects. Amixine unreactivity was proved.

The thesises detected do not allow to keep the pathogenesis of PD within the framework of the theory of primary vessels occlusion. In children with PD marked anomalies including the retardation of bone growth, increased rate of signs of general dysplasia of the connective tissue (detected also in near ralations - parents and siblings), changes of nondamaged contralateral head of the femur and spine, disturbance of glycosaminoglycane metabolism, asymmetric retardation of growth of different segments of the limbs. The authors believe that PD is the damage of femur associated with its overloading or another provocing factors that occur on the background of genetically substantiated defect with the damage of bone development. Further infarcts of the head of the femur develop repeatedly and independantly and thus the cupping of PD could be delayed. By the authors opinion PD could not be considerad as femur pathology in a normal child any more but rather as a local manifestation of the general skeleton dysplasia.