Введение. Вынужденная физическая нагрузка часто нарушает слаженность взаимодействий между корой головного мозга и внутренними органами. Аллогенный биоматериал (БМА) применяется в качестве стимулятора регенерации при его местном применении. Механизм фармакупунктурной коррекции патологических изменений посредством БМА в неокортексе изучен недостаточно. Цель исследования – изучение структуры нервной ткани коры головного мозга в условиях акупунктурного воздействия на биологически активные точки и фармакупунктурной коррекции с БМА. Методика. Моделью анаэробной физической нагрузки явилось принудительное плавание крыс самцов с грузом 10% от массы тела. После проведения плавательного теста в опытной группе (n=20) вводили суспензию БМА акупунктурно, в контрольной (n=20) вводили физиологический раствор. Материал для морфофункционального исследования брали через 5 и 21 сут после принудительной анаэробной физической нагрузки. Результаты. В контрольной группе обнаруживался реактивный глиоз, отек нейропиля, перинуклеарных и периваскулярных пространств, редукция синаптического аппарата, усиление хроматолиза нейроцитов, снижение уровня ингибитора апоптоза Bcl-2+ в клетках. В опытной группе наблюдались признаки восстановления архитектоники слоев нервных клеток неокортекса, увеличения численности синапсов, микроглиальных клеток (CD-68+), Bcl-2+ клеток, снижение количества клеток теней и GFAP+ клеток, восстановление нейроваскулярной единицы, обеспечивающей работу гематоэнцефалического барьера. Заключение. В контрольной группе происходили деструктивные изменения необратимого характера. Акупунктурное воздействие БМА стимулировало нейропротекторные свойства. Introduction. Forced physical activity often disrupts the interactions between the cerebral cortex and internal organs. Allogeneic biomaterial (BMA) is used as a regeneration stimulator when applied topically. The mechanism of pharmacopuncture correction of pathological changes in the neocortex with BMA is not well understood. Aim. To study the structure of nervous tissue in the cerebral cortex after acupuncture of biologically active points and pharma-copuncture administration of BMA. Methods. Anaerobic physical activity was modeled by forced swimming of male rats with a load of 10% of body weight. After the swimming test, in the experimental group (n=20), a BMA suspension was administered by acupuncture. In the control group (n=20), saline was administered. Five and 21 days following the forced anaerobic exercise, tissue was sampled, and morpho-functional studies were performed. Results. In the control group, reactive gliosis, edema of the neuropil, perinuclear and perivascular spaces, reduction of the synaptic apparatus, increased chromatolysis of neurocytes, and a decrease in the apoptosis inhibitor Bcl-2+ in cells were found. In the experimental group, there were signs of restoration of the architectonics of the layers of neocortical nerve cells, an increase in the number of synapses, microglial cells (CD-68+), cell Bcl-2+, a decrease in the number of shadow cells and cell GFAP+, and restoration of the neurovascular unit that ensures the blood-brain barrier functioning. Conclusion. In the brain of control rats, irreversible destructive changes prevailed. Acupuncture of BMA stimulated neuroprotection.

Актуальность. Одним из методов лечения эктазий роговицы является стимуляция прогениторных клеток лимба. Изменению паракринной регуляции клеток, их дифференциации способствует экзогенно введенный внеклеточный децеллюляризированный аллогенный матрикс — биоматериал Аллоплант® (БА). Цель. Определить эффективность перилимбального введения БА при экспериментальном ожоге роговицы и кератоконусе. Материал и методы. Кролики подвергались щелoчному ожогу роговицы. Спустя 24 часа после ожога вводили субконъюнктивально суспензию БА. Группа сравнения оставалась без лечения. Проводились клинические исследования роговицы пациентов после сквозной кератопластики с диагнозом кератоконус III и IV стадий и с птеригиумом. Проводили морфологические исследования. У больных кератоконусом проводили биомикроскопию, кератопахиметрию до введения БА и через 6, 12 месяцев после операции. Результаты. После применения БА в эксперименте происходила эпителизация, восстановление собственного вещества роговицы, активация макрофагов, синтез гликозаминогликанов, неоколлагеногенез, инактивация коллагеногеназ; а также стимуляция стволовых эпителиальных лимбальных и стромальных мезенхимальных клеток. У больных людей выявлено достоверное увеличение толщины роговицы при кератоконусе I, II, III степеней заболевания после применения БА. Заключение. Перилимбальное введение БА способствовало ускорению регенерации поврежденных слоев роговицы после щелочного ожога. У больных кератоконусом наблюдалось утолщение роговицы.

Scar smoothing out, angiogenesis stimulation and cardiomyogenesis in myocardial infarction still remain pressing issues despite the variety of existing methods. One of the ways to correct them is intramyocardial implantation of an alloplant biomaterial (ABM) suspension. ABM serves as an inhibitor of fibroneogenesis in various tissues with chronic inflammatory processes. No studies have been carried out with regards to acute myocardial infarction. Objective: to assess the dynamics of the number of bFGF-1 + cells and CD68 macrophages, the degree of angiogenesis amidst the use of ABM in the formation of postinfarction scar in the experiment. Materials and methods. Experimental studies were performed on 100 male Wistar rats weighing 0.18–0.25 kg. Coronary artery ligation was performed on all animals. In the experimental group, the ABM suspension (12 mg) was injected intramyocardially. We used histological, electron microscopic, immunohistochemical (CD68, bFGF-1), morphometric and statistical research methods. Hearts were procured at day 3, 7, 14, 30, and 45. Results. The use of an allogeneic biomaterial immediately after coronary artery stenosis could reduce the area of cicatricial myocardial degeneration by two fold by accelerating inflammatory response and the onset of early proliferative phase. In the reactive zone after ABM implantation, macrophage myocardial infiltration significantly decreased in comparison to the control group. The use of ABM ensures significant predominance of bFGF-1+ cells in the initial period of inflammation (3–14 days). Subsequently (14–45 days), inflammatory cytokine expression became several times less, which corresponded to biodegradation and resorption of the biomaterial. In the control group, during the acute phase of inflammation (3–14 days), bFGF-1+ cells were low in number. Subsequently (14–45 days), cytokine expression increased significantly, causing rapid accumulation of collagen fibers and scarring. In myocardial regeneration after a heart attack in the experiment, ABM stimulated angiogenesis, whose level was three times higher than in the control group. It was noted that ABM serves as a regulator of the neofibrillogenesis-fibroclasia balance in tissue. Conclusion. Macrophage migration inhibition and suppression of pro-inflammatory orientation of macrophages should be indicated as one of the directions of therapeutic correction strategy for ischemic myocardial injuries. Alloplant biomaterial used in the acute phase of myocardial inflammation can serve as such alternative.

Scar smoothing out, angiogenesis stimulation and cardiomyogenesis in myocardial infarction still remain pressing issues despite the variety of existing methods. One of the ways to correct them is intramyocardial implantation of an alloplant biomaterial (ABM) suspension. ABM serves as an inhibitor of fibroneogenesis in various tissues with chronic inflammatory processes. No studies have been carried out with regards to acute myocardial infarction. Objective: to assess the dynamics of the number of bFGF-1 + cells and CD68 macrophages, the degree of angiogenesis amidst the use of ABM in the formation of postinfarction scar in the experiment. Materials and methods. Experimental studies were performed on 100 male Wistar rats weighing 0.18–0.25 kg. Coronary artery ligation was performed on all animals. In the experimental group, the ABM suspension (12 mg) was injected intramyocardially. We used histological, electron microscopic, immunohistochemical (CD68, bFGF-1), morphometric and statistical research methods. Hearts were procured at day 3, 7, 14, 30, and 45. Results. The use of an allogeneic biomaterial immediately after coronary artery stenosis could reduce the area of cicatricial myocardial degeneration by two fold by accelerating inflammatory response and the onset of early proliferative phase. In the reactive zone after ABM implantation, macrophage myocardial infiltration significantly decreased in comparison to the control group. The use of ABM ensures significant predominance of bFGF-1 + cells in the initial period of inflammation (3–14 days). Subsequently (14–45 days), inflammatory cytokine expression became several times less, which corresponded to biodegradation and resorption of the biomaterial. In the control group, during the acute phase of inflammation (3–14 days), bFGF-1 + cells were low in number. Subsequently (14–45 days), cytokine expression increased significantly, causing rapid accumulation of collagen fibers and scarring. In myocardial regeneration after a heart attack in the experiment, ABM stimulated angiogenesis, whose level was three times higher than in the control group. It was noted that ABM serves as a regulator of the neofibrillogenesis-fibroclasia balance in tissue. Conclusion. Macrophage migration inhibition and suppression of pro-inflammatory orientation of macrophages should be indicated as one of the directions of therapeutic correction strategy for ischemic myocardial injuries. Alloplant biomaterial used in the acute phase of myocardial inflammation can serve as such alternative.

Abstract. We have performed immunological studies in forty-five patients who underwent lamellar keratoplasty by means of Alloplant biomaterial. Serum antibodies to eye tissue-specific antigens (bovine corneal protein (BCP)-54, lens alpha-crystallin, S-antigen) were tested, and IgG, A, M in the lacrimal fluid were also determined, to detect cellular sensitization against same antigens, and to evaluate the levels of local non-specific inflammation. Percentage of cells activated for BCP-54 was found to be significantly decreased after surgery (p < 0.04), followed by increase to initial levels (p > 0.20) at later terms. Percentage of cells activated for lens α-crystallin was shown to be decreased upon further observation (p < 0.04). A post-surgical increase in IgG levels was revealed in lacrimal fluid (p < 0.02), followed by a decrease later on (p < 0.002). Thus, application of Alloplant biomaterial for lamellar keratoplasty does not cause any sufficient tension of specific humoral immunity against ocular tissues, as evidenced by lack of statistically significant changes of humoral and cellular immunity during post-surgical observations.

There was performed an investigation of different topographic zones of extremity tendons with the aim to determine potentials of their use as transplants for lamellar keratoplasty. It was revealed that avascular zones of extremity tenders subjected to the lateral pressure factor and having chondrogenesis foci are the best optimum source of the donor material. Experimental and clinical investigation proved the validity of the selected donor material and allowed to improve its bioplastic and mechanical properties.

A morphological study of the connective-tissue grafts with different structures and histochemical composition, exposed to laser radiation. It is shown that the degree of destruction in the area of the laser cutting depends on the transplant fibro-architectonics.

By histologic researches in experiment at 26 rabbits it is shown, that grafts for keratoplasty, processed using Alloplant technology, without any expressed inflammatory processes very slowly within a year and more, it is replaced by regenerate of connecting tissue, repeating structure of surrounding cornea.