The possibility of using flow refractometers and densimeters or refracto-densimetric analyzers to study the quality of diesel fuels obtained in the processes of hydrotreating and hydrocracking of raw materials was discussed. The results of the research show that on the basis of primary analytical signals - refractive index and density - it is possible to visualize the dynamics of time-related changes in the group (component, hydrocarbon) composition of the controlled flow of the output product (diesel fuel) on a 2D identification map constructed in the coordinates "Lorentz-Lorenz specific refraction sR - Kurtz refraction intercept RI". The refracto-densimetric analysis of the samples of raw materials and final products of hydrotreating, hydrocracking, and fractionation, which were performed at the "TANECO" Company, revealed the possibility of simple control of the course of chemical processes and visualization of changes in the group hydrocarbon composition of raw materials and products on the identification map, broadcast in real time on the monitors of the control center. The possibility of integrating refracto-densimetric analyzers into the existing control and regulation systems of the main process parameters (hydrogen gas pressure, catalyst temperature, raw material temperature, contact time, etc.) to maintain the quality of the output product at the required level was considered.

Предложен кондукто-­стохастический подход к оценке состава природных вод по основным ионам (Ca2+, Na+ / К+, Mg2+, HCO3–, SO42–, Cl–), основанный на измерении аналитических сигналов интегральных физических методов – кондуктометрии, рефрактометрии и денсиметрии. На основе статистического анализа массива эмпирической информации по 500 образцам природных вод получено 15 стохастических уравнений, диктуемых парными и групповыми межионными корреляциями, меняющимися с ростом удельной электропроводности. Оценку ионного состава проводили на основе решения методом взвешенных наименьших квадратов системы стохастических уравнений при заданной экспериментальной удельной электропроводности образца. В перспективе разрабатываемый метод может найти применение в рутинных полевых / портативных гидрохимических кондукто-­рефракто-денсиметрических экспресс-­анализаторах, погружных / глубинных зондах и в мониторинговых буях.

The article presents a continual scale of natural waters based on the characteristics of a vector, constructed on the superimposed cationic and anionic Gibbs triangles. We made a stylized hydrochemical clock-type dial based on the compression data of a six-component ionic composition of waters. To ensure successful communication of hydrochemists, exchanging information, we suggest characterize the mineral composition of waters by the direction of the vector, expressed in units (minutes) of the hydrochemical clock-type dial. The article presents equations for digitizing natural waters and for color visualization on hydrogeochemical maps of their mineral composition using Red/Green/Blue and Hue/Saturation/Value models. The analysis of the changes occurring in the natural water composition on maps in time enables us to visually establish hydrodynamic connections between ocean currents, water-bearing horizons, oil reservoirs, producing and injecting wells without using tracers. We provide examples of how the sixcomponent composition of the natural waters of lakes, rivers, seas and oceans transforms into indicators of the hydrochemical clock-type dial and the corresponding color tones. The use of the color mapping method to analyze the World Ocean processes, associated with the Arctic ice thawing and changes in the waters composition of ocean currents, will allow us to take a fresh look at the global processes of climate change.

One of the main problems in oil refining sector is production of gasolines with necessary physico-chemical and operational properties which should meet the requirements of Euro-3 and Euro -4 standards. This article contains physicochemical properties of three-componental models of gasolines on the basis of linear, symmetric, asymmetric nonstoichiometry models, and also on the basis of balance model. The offered models, which describe physico-chemical properties of gasolines, can be used in two ways. The first way of using this model is blending gasoline components. And the second way is analyzing of gasolines received from gasoline stations in order to check quality on conformity to Euro-3 and Euro -4 standards.

The method of linear magnetic birefringence (Cotton-Mouton effect) selective to aromatic components was proposed for the analysis of petroleum products. A new integral characteristic of light petroleum products, the magnetooptical benzene index, was introduced.