The technique is proposed for visualizing the product compositions and the refractodenses (trajectories) of oil refinery processes, based on measuring the refractive index and density of the liquid product flows of operating procedures, computing the specific refraction and refraction intercept, and constructing a Kurtz-Lorentz identification map, the center of which is the "polymethylene center". Trajectories-refractodenses of the processes of atmospheric-vacuum distillation of oil, catalytic reforming, hydrocracking of vacuum and heavy gas oil, products of secondary oil refining (motor gasoline, diesel fuel, catalytic cracking gasoline, light catalytic cracking gas oil) and their fractional distillation have been constructed. An express method is also proposed for evaluating the group hydrocarbon compositions of straight-run oil fractions, upon which we propose a three-digit composition marking of straight-run fractions. It is shown that the logarithms of isomeric alkanes contents in straight-run oil fractions are linearly correlated with their molar enthalpies of vaporization.

Предложен кондукто-­стохастический подход к оценке состава природных вод по основным ионам (Ca2+, Na+ / К+, Mg2+, HCO3–, SO42–, Cl–), основанный на измерении аналитических сигналов интегральных физических методов – кондуктометрии, рефрактометрии и денсиметрии. На основе статистического анализа массива эмпирической информации по 500 образцам природных вод получено 15 стохастических уравнений, диктуемых парными и групповыми межионными корреляциями, меняющимися с ростом удельной электропроводности. Оценку ионного состава проводили на основе решения методом взвешенных наименьших квадратов системы стохастических уравнений при заданной экспериментальной удельной электропроводности образца. В перспективе разрабатываемый метод может найти применение в рутинных полевых / портативных гидрохимических кондукто-­рефракто-денсиметрических экспресс-­анализаторах, погружных / глубинных зондах и в мониторинговых буях.

The article presents a continual scale of natural waters based on the characteristics of a vector, constructed on the superimposed cationic and anionic Gibbs triangles. We made a stylized hydrochemical clock-type dial based on the compression data of a six-component ionic composition of waters. To ensure successful communication of hydrochemists, exchanging information, we suggest characterize the mineral composition of waters by the direction of the vector, expressed in units (minutes) of the hydrochemical clock-type dial. The article presents equations for digitizing natural waters and for color visualization on hydrogeochemical maps of their mineral composition using Red/Green/Blue and Hue/Saturation/Value models. The analysis of the changes occurring in the natural water composition on maps in time enables us to visually establish hydrodynamic connections between ocean currents, water-bearing horizons, oil reservoirs, producing and injecting wells without using tracers. We provide examples of how the sixcomponent composition of the natural waters of lakes, rivers, seas and oceans transforms into indicators of the hydrochemical clock-type dial and the corresponding color tones. The use of the color mapping method to analyze the World Ocean processes, associated with the Arctic ice thawing and changes in the waters composition of ocean currents, will allow us to take a fresh look at the global processes of climate change.