© Коллектив авторов, 2019 На протяжении последних трех десятилетий в струк­ туре онкологической заболеваемости женского населения России лидирует рак молочной железы (РМЖ) [1]. По дан­ ным 2013 г., его удельный вес в Российской Федерации (РФ) составил 20,9%, в Сибири — 19,7%, в Республике Бу­ рятия (РБ) — 20,4%. Сохранилась тенденция дальнейшего роста показателей: за 4 года (2013—2016 гг.) прирост забо­ леваемости РМЖ в РФ составил 8,1% при среднегодовом темпе прироста 2,6%, в Сибирском федеральном округе (ФО) — 10,6 и 3,4%, в РБ — 6,3 и 2,1% соответственно [2, 3]. В РБ РМЖ является самым распространенным злокаче­ ственным новообразованием (ЗНО) среди женщин, однако республика характеризуется сравнительно низкими показа­ телями заболеваемости РМЖ. Одним из позитивных фак­ торов подобного положения вещей, возможно, является эт­ ническая неоднородность населения. В настоящее время в РБ живут представители более 167 национальностей и на­ родностей. Русское население Бурятии начало складывать­ ся с середины XVII века, в советский период наблюдалось увеличение доли русских с 61,6% (1925) до 69,9% (1989) и снижение доли бурят с 33,7 до 27,8% соответственно. За пе­ риод с 1989 по 2010 г. происходил обратный процесс: до­ ля русских снизилась с 69,9% (726,2 тыс. человек) до 67,8% (665,5 тыс. человек). Тем не менее это самая многочислен­ https://doi.org/10.17116/profmed20192202162

There was studied population-based survival of 1689 breast cancer patients in the Republic of Buryatia whose had been di- agnosed in 2007-2013 on the basis of cancer registry database. There was performed an estimation and analysis of observed adjusted and relative survival. The higher stage of the disease and older age of women at the diagnosis the lower rates of 1- and 5-year survival. A 5-year relative survival rate was higher in invasive carcinoma of the unspecific type (74.2%), in patients living in Ulan-Ude (76.9%) and representatives of the indigenous population (73.4%).

Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in the Republic of Buryatia as a whole and among urban population (13.3 % and 16.0 %, respectively), and the second place belongs to rural population (11.8). Standardized mortality rates in the Republic of Buryatia (15.5±0.9) are 9.9% lower than the average for Russian Federation (17.0±0.1). The relationship between the national composition of the population of the municipal districts of Buryatia and breast cancer mortality rate has been found. Breast cancer mortality rates are higher for newcomers than for indigenous population (2.4 times higher among urban population and 2.3 times among rural population). Breast cancer mortality rate is expected to be decreased by 9.9% in the Republic as a whole, by 10.0% among urban population and also stability of mortality among rural population (2.3%).

Cancer incidence in the administrative centers of Siberia and the Russian Far East was first studied from1998 to 2012 years. Proportion of urban population ranged from 18.5 % in Kemerovo city to 56.0 % in Magadan city. During the study period, the incidence rate in the administrative centers of the region (259.1 ± 0.4 0/0000) was higher than in the whole region (233.0 ± 0.2 0/0000) (p<0.05). The lowest rates were observed in the Yakutsk city (206.8 ± 2.3 0/0000), Abakan city (212.1 ± 2.6 0/0000) and Kyzyl city (231.5 ± 4.2 0/0000), the largest rates were in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk city (308.6 ± 3.1 0/0000), Irkutsk city (298.2 ± 1.6 0/0000) and Barnaul city (292.8 ± 1.5 0/0000). A significant rise in cancer incidence was observed among the urban population. The highest growth rates were noted in Irkutsk city (30.1 %), Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky city (26.8 %), whereas the lowest rates were found in Kemerovo city (0.1 %) and Omsk city (0.3 %). Cluster analysis allowed the group of cities with low and high cancer risk to be identified.

From 1989 to 2013, demographic processes in the Republic of Buryatia were analyzed. Changes in the basic parameters of the population movement: births, deaths and migration were influenced by the sex and age structure of the population. The proportion of the Russians decreased from 69.9% in 1989 to 64.9% in 2010 and the number of the Buryats increased from 24.0 to 29.5%. With the increase in the proportion of residents over 60 years, a process of the aging of the population was observed. In 2000–2013, there was a positive dynamics of the natural movement of the population, the natural increase in /Т ёь9013 was 5,8 per 1000 persons. Migration population decline in the Republic of Buryatia keeps stable.

Cancer incidence in the administrative centers of Siberia and the Russian Far East was first studied from1998 to 2012 years. Proportion of urban population ranged from 18.5 % in Kemerovo city to 56.0 % in Magadan city. During the study period, the incidence rate in the administrative centers of the region (259.1 ± 0.4 0/0000) was higher than in the whole region (233.0 ± 0.2 0/0000) (p<0.05). The lowest rates were observed in the Yakutsk city (206.8 ± 2.3 0/0000), Abakan city (212.1 ± 2.6 0/0000) and Kyzyl city (231.5 ± 4.2 0/0000), the largest rates were in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk city (308.6 ± 3.1 0/0000), Irkutsk city (298.2 ± 1.6 0/0000) and Barnaul city (292.8 ± 1.5 0/0000). A significant rise in cancer incidence was observed among the urban population. The highest growth rates were noted in Irkutsk city (30.1 %), Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky city (26.8 %), whereas the lowest rates were found in Kemerovo city (0.1 %) and Omsk city (0.3 %). Cluster analysis allowed the group of cities with low and high cancer risk to be identified.