В Сибирском федеральном округе (СФО) высокий уровень урбанизации (73,1 %). В СФО входит 12 субъектов с городами-административными центрами: Барнаул, Красноярск, Абакан, Горно-Алтайск, Кызыл, Улан-Удэ, Чита, Иркутск, Кемерово, Новосибирск, Омск, Томск. В них проживало 38,4 % населения, находилось 58,7 % предприятий и организаций округа. Цель исследования - анализ заболеваемости злокачественными новообразованиями (ЗНО) населения административных центров СФО. Методы. Использованы данные статистических форм № 7 «Сведения о заболеваниях злокачественными новообразованиями» по административным центрам и сведения о половозрастном составе населения с 2004 по 2018 г. Результаты. В 2018 г. в городах зарегистрировано 31 636 заболевших - 39,6 % от всех ЗНО округа. Первые места в структуре онкологической заболеваемости среди мужчин занимают рак легкого (16,3 %), предстательной железы (12,5 %), кожи с меланомой (12,1 %), колоректальной зоны (11,7 %), желудка (7,1 %), среди женщин - опухоли молочной железы (21,5 %), кожи с меланомой (17,3 %), колоректальной зоны (11,5 %), тела (6,4 %) и шейки матки (5,0 %). Показатели заболеваемости новообразованиями кожи и предстательной железы у мужчин и молочной железы у женщин выше, чем в целом по СФО. За 15 лет наблюдался рост стандартизованных показателей (СП) заболеваемости ЗНО в СФО на 6,0 % с 271,0 до 287,2 %000 с наибольшим приростом в г. Улан-Удэ, Чите, Красноярске и Омске на 13,6-23,8 %. Кумулятивный риск заболеть ЗНО жителей административных центров вырос с 34,1 % в 2004-2008 гг., до 35,9 % в 2014-2018. По прогнозу СП заболеваемости в городах может возрасти до 307,4 %000. Выводы. Жители административных центров имеют повышенный риск заболеть ЗНО. Показатель заболеваемости рос как в целом по СФО, так и в отдельных городах. По прогнозу данная ситуация сохранится до 2025 г.

Aim. To study the incidence and mortality of lung cancer (LC) in the Tomsk region and to assess the economic damage. Materials and methods. The population-based cancer registry data collected at Tomsk Regional Cancer Center and the Federal State Statistics for 2007-2017 were used. The extensive, intensive and standardized variables were analyzed. Results. LC was the 4-th most common cancer, comprising 10.4% (10.1% in the RF) of all cancer cases in the Tomsk region in 2017. It ranked as the first most prevalent cancer for men (17.0%) and the 6-th for women (4.7%). The LC incidence rate decreased by 19.6%, reaching 29.5±1.3 per 100 000 (р=0.0149). It decreased in men (р=0.0006) but was stable in women. In 2017, the lifetime risk of cancer was higher in the Tomsk region than that in the RF, being 7.3% for men and 1.5% for women. LC was the most common cause of mortality from cancer for both sexes (18.9%), being the most common in men (28.1%) and the 4-th most common in women (8.0%). The mortality rate was higher in men than in women (55.6 versus 6.0; р=0.0012). In 2016, the total loss of the life potential in men amounted to 8.4 thousand, for women - 2.5 thousand man-years. Economic damage in the form of conditionally non-produced national income was growing and in 2016 amounted to 263.7 million rubles. Conclusion. Epidemiological analysis of LC in the Tomsk region indicates the relevance of improving the anticancer struggle with the development and implementation of ideas aimed at increasing the cancer literacy of the population and the alertness of primary care physicians, the formation and monitoring of risk groups, the timely routing of patients with suspected cancer.

The breast cancer is one of main localizations among malignant tumors in women of the Siberian Federal District. In the structure of morbidity it holds first place with such percentage as 20.4% and index of morbidity makes up to 51.2 per 100 000 of female population. The territories with increased and decreased risk are established. The features of prevalence of disease in a certain degree are conditioned by differences in demographic characteristics of populations. The indices of life-span, birth-rate in fertile age and divorce rate effect the level of morbidity of breast cancer in population.

The review presents the worldwide data on the cancer incidence and mortality and risk factors for cancer.

In the Republic of Altai 71.1% of population reside in rural area. The capital Gorno-Altaisk is the only city in the Republic. The number of patients with primarily established diagnosis of malignant neoplasm increases both in urban and rural territories and with higher rates in districts. The indicators of oncological morbidity of male and female population are higher in urban area than in rural area up to 28.4% and 17.3% correspondingly. The morbidity of cancer of skin, prostate, kidney, lymphatic and haematogenic tissue, oral cavity and throat are higher in urban males. The morbidity of tumors of pancreas is higher in males residing in rural area. The morbidity of cancer of skin, colon, stomach, lung and melanoma is higher in urban female population. The level of morbidity of neoplasms of cervix, pancreas, oral cavity and throat is higher in rural females. The cluster analysis was applied to identify in territory of the Republic three groups of districts with differences in indicators of morbidity and demographic characteristics. The development of target programs of regional and municipal level the territorial approach is to be applied.

Evaluation of cancer incidence in a certain area is one of the most important components of cancer control. From 1993 to 2012, a 1.4-fold increase in the annual number of new cancer cases among the population of Siberia and the Far East was registered. The age-standardized incidence rates are increasing with aging of the population. For all cancers, cancer incidence is higher in men than in women with the exception of thyroid and skin melanoma cancer incidence. Six types of cancer incidence curves have been identified: 1) reduction; 2) high growth; 3) relatively uniform growth; 4) reduction followed by stabilization; 5) growth followed by stabilization; 6) relatively uniform increase, then a significant increase.

A case report on BRCA1-associated hereditary multiple primary breast and ovarian cancer has been presented. Platinum-containing chemotherapy resulted in favorable treatment outcomes.

Cancer incidence in the administrative centers of Siberia and the Russian Far East was first studied from1998 to 2012 years. Proportion of urban population ranged from 18.5 % in Kemerovo city to 56.0 % in Magadan city. During the study period, the incidence rate in the administrative centers of the region (259.1 ± 0.4 0/0000) was higher than in the whole region (233.0 ± 0.2 0/0000) (p<0.05). The lowest rates were observed in the Yakutsk city (206.8 ± 2.3 0/0000), Abakan city (212.1 ± 2.6 0/0000) and Kyzyl city (231.5 ± 4.2 0/0000), the largest rates were in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk city (308.6 ± 3.1 0/0000), Irkutsk city (298.2 ± 1.6 0/0000) and Barnaul city (292.8 ± 1.5 0/0000). A significant rise in cancer incidence was observed among the urban population. The highest growth rates were noted in Irkutsk city (30.1 %), Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky city (26.8 %), whereas the lowest rates were found in Kemerovo city (0.1 %) and Omsk city (0.3 %). Cluster analysis allowed the group of cities with low and high cancer risk to be identified.

During the period 2008-2011, esophageal cancer comprised 2,5 ± 0,2 % of all cases for males and 0,5 ± 0,1 % for females. Despite worldwide tendency towards decreased incidence of esophageal cancer, the rise in the age-standardized incidence rate was observed for both males and females of Tomsk region from 2000 to 2011. For males, the increase in both crude and age-standardized rates was registered. For females, the same tendency was observed in patients in the 50 to 64 age group.

The demographic situation impacts the level of morbidity indirectly. The evaluation of demographic situation if the Republic of Altai was made. In 2010, in the ethnic structure of population the percentage of Russians reduced up to 55.7% and of indigenous population increased up to 35.3%. In the Republic positive dynamics of population size is preserved. More than 3/5 of population live in rural territories. The main factor of increase of population size is its natural growth (11 per 1000 of population). The high level of natalV.M.ity and low death rate are observed. In the age structure of population percentage of persons younger than able-bodied age (25.8%) is larger than in persons of older than able-bodied age (15.4%). The tendency of decreasing of percentage of persons younger than able-bodied age and persons of able-bodied age is marked. The process of aging of population is expressed in deterioration of ratio between age groups younger than able-body age and groups of able-bodied age. The low indicator of life expectancy of population if noted. The neoplasms are at third place among causes of death (140.6 per 100 000 of population) after diseases of cardiovascular system and traumas and intoxications. In the structure of disability neoplasms are at second place (12.3%) after diseases of cardiovascular system. The demographic situation has to be taken into account in the process of organization of medical care ofpopulation.

Results of epidemiological study on kidney cancer incidence among the population of the Primorsky Krai are presented. Methods of mathematical statistics recommended by the Ministry of Public Health were used. Within the first 5 years of the period 1994 to 2008, the kidney cancer incidence rate increased from 8,3 0/0000 to 12,5 0/0000 in men and from 4,4 0/0000 to 6,6 0/0000 in women, being the 8th most common cancer in men and the 11th most common cancer in women. The highest incidence rate was observed at the age of 55–59 years. The kidney cancer incidence rate in children for the period 1994–2008 was 1,8 0/0000, reaching peak incidence at age 0–4. Kidney cancer is the third most common cancer following hemoblastosis and brain tumors in children of this age group.

Gastric cancer remains the most common cancer both worldwide and in the Russian Federation. Gastric cancer is the 3-rd most common cancer in men, comprising 9,1 % of all cancer cases and the 4-th most common cancer in women comprising 5,8 % of all cancer cases in Tomsk region in 2011. From 2000 to 2011, the crude and age-standardized gastric cancer incidence rates decreased by 13,4 % and 25,7 %, respectively in males and increased by 22,6 % and 11,1 %, respectively in females. In addition, the increase in gastric cancer incidence rate was observed in both male and female elderly population of Tomsk region.

Breast cancer is the most common malignant localization in women including 19.7% of all cancer cases in Siberia and the Russian Far East with incidence rate 42 per 100,000 of female population. Breast cancer incidence is expected to grow by 18.4% by 2017 in comparison with 2008. Th e territories of decreased and increased risks for breast cancer have been established. Breast cancer incidence is related to some extent to diff erences in demographic characteristics. Such rates as life-span (22.9%), birth in childbearing age (19.4%), migration (18.0%), death at the age when patient is able to work (14.6%), and divorce (7.4%) infl uence on the breast cancer incidence.

Evaluation of lung cancer morbidity in the Tomsk region during the period of 2001-2010 has been done in the given paper. In the structure of the morbidity rate with malignant neoplasms lung cancer takes the first place (19,7 %) in men and the ninth one (5,1 %) in women. Among men the specific weight of a disease in the age structure of malignant neoplasms increases from 5,6 % in patients aged 30-34 to 27,7 % at the age of 55-59 and decreases to 11,5 % at the age of 85 and older. In women the share of a diseases in the structure of oncopathology seems to be maximal in the age group of 75-79 years and minimal in patients aged 35-39 (1,5 %). The mean age of the diseased is lower than in the Russian Federation on average, being 63,8 years in men and 67,5 years in women. A decrease of the given index by 0,9 year in men and by 1,0 year in women is noted in dynamics that testifies to the morbidity among population of the Tomsk region is considerably higher than in the Russian Federation on average. In case of the dynamics trend mentioned above, the standardized ratio can amount to 35,8 by 100 thousand people in 2018 г.

Increased risk of prostate cancer among males of Khabarovsk Krai was reported in 2004-2008. Prostate cancer risk was strongly related to age: the highest incidence rate was observed in men aged 55-59. Prostate cancer was the 4-th most common cancer among males after lung, stomach and skin cancers. Between 1994 and 2008 the prostate cancer incidence rate rose consistently with an increase of 54,4 %.

The breast cancer incidence shows a tendency to increase in Primorsky Krai (Russian Far East). Early breast pre-cancer and cancer detection among «healthy» women with assessment of individual risk and formation of groups at risk for breast cancer is of great importance. Risk factors for breast cancer have been identified and prognostic model for defining groups at high risk for breast cancer has been designed. The information system has been developed to summarize questionnaire results on revealing individual risk factors and forming the groups of increased risk of breast cancer on the territory of the Primorsky Krai.