The Kazbek segment differs from the adjacent Central and Eastern segments of the Greater Caucasus megavault by the relative narrowing of the main zones and their latitudinal orientation. The main units of the segment comprise the zones of central elevations and northern and southern flanks. The application of orotectonic method allowed us to subdivide these zones into a number of regional and local late-stage structures separated by active faults. There are three suture zones. The pattern block structures are separated mainly by downthrows. The original data obtained, which are not presented in standard materials on geological survey, are useful for construction design and in solving geoecological tasks.

The proposed procedure of identifying the stages of formation of mountain gorges is based on the use of the orotectonic method. This method makes it possible to reveal schemes of different-scale erosion-accumulative cycles in the gorge and adjacent valley of a large river. These schemes are compared with each other and successively correlated with local and regional stratigraphic schemes for dating the identified stages. The proposed complex of geological, geomorphological, and correlation studies can be used to analyze the history of formation of gorge river valleys in active orogens, such as the Caucasus and Tien Shan. It may also be helpful for paleoenvironmental reconstructions in archaeological research and geotechnical surveys.

The North Crimean–Caucasian flexure–rupture zone is a boundary structure at the junction of the newest Crimean–Caucasian orogenic range and the Indol–Kuban marginal trough. It is subdivided into three segments with different evolution, which is caused by late orogenic structural reconstruction and the transformation of the early orogenic Kerch–Taman transverse trough into the late orogenic Kerch–Taman saddle-like element of the range. Thus, the segments of the flexure–rupture zone differ in structure and age. The North and South Crimean–Caucasian flexure–rupture zones are the largest newest disjunctive structures of this region.

Detailed neostructural zoning with typification of tectonic structures should be performed before engineering surveys on the territory of the newest orogens or their large parts. A medium-scale neostructural zoning of the central segment of the Greater Caucasus megavault was carried out. It showed a significantly complex structure of the previously distinguished regional neotectonic bodies. The neotectonic structural plan is less differentiated in the north and east of the segment and it is more differentiated in the southern and western parts. A significant transformation of all local structures and regional suture zones is shown. It is connected with the fact that the newest structures are produced by orogenic uplift, and the older ones were formed under the conditions of horizontal compression. The results of neotectonic zoning are used in engineering, hydrogeological and geoecological surveys for construction design. They are important for paleoecological research, for example, in the study of archaeological sites.

Современные объемы и площади распространения техногенных отложений позволяют выделять их в самостоятельную формацию. Техногенная формация обладает не только параметрами, свойственными другим геологическим формациям (например, несогласием в основании, специфическими фациями и парагенетическими ассоциациями), но и целым рядом собственных уникальных характеристик. Общая тенденция современного геологического развития заключается в интенсивном распространении техногенной формации за счет смыкания множества точек роста. Для некоторых регионов в перспективе вероятно повсеместное распространение техногенной формации на площадях в десятки и сотни тысяч квадратных километров. При этом преобразование освоенных недр может достигнуть такой степени, что и эти недра станут неотъемлемой частью техногенной формации. Важным направлением исследования техногенной формации становится изучение влияния техногенных образований на экологию урбанизированных и производственных территорий.