The Liskin fault zone located in the southeastern part of the East European Platform at the boundary between two large neotectonic structures, that is, the Voronezh Uplift and the Oka–Don basin, is considered. Earthquake epicenters are concentrated in the fault zone and the adjacent territory. The neotectonic structures of the territory, topography, structure of the multi-depth and age horizons of the sedimentary cover, basement, crust, Moho surface are investigated, and the causes of neotectonic and seismic activity of the zone are determined. At present, the Liskin fault develops as a thrust fault with a dextral strike-slip component under the conditions of submeridional compression and the adjacent territory is under the influence of multidirectional tectonic compression stresses: from the north, from the Oka–Don basin and from the south, from the Caucasian segment of the Alpine collision belt. This is reflected in the morphology and structure of the neotectonic structures. The deformation of multi-depth horizons as well as the Earth’s surface and the activation of seismicity are associated with the submeridional compression. The deep material and structural inhomogeneities of the Earth’s crust are of great importance. The collision zone between two oncoming submeridional stresses that led to active seismicity has been identified in the neotectonic structure of the south-eastern part of the East European Platform for the first time.

The results of geological and structural-geodynamic research are presented for the territories of several nuclear power plants (NPP) located on the East European Platform. The influence of geological structure, lithology, and the latest tectonic movements are considered as well as the resultant structures and relief, which generally represent the geological environment, on the stability of the NPP areas. Structural and geodynamic conditions, in particular, recent tensile stresses that cause intense rock fracturing and high gas-fluid permeability, suffusion, karst and landslide, are proved to be the main causes of hazardous processes resulting in settling and tilting of some NPP buildings. Tectonic sloping of the sites towards descending depressions, the sand basement of NPP sites, sloping clay aquicludes, fluctuating water levels in the adjacent water reservoirs, the presence of so-called “hydrogeological windows”, the buried relief and modern structural and geodynamic conditions, i.e., tectonic stresses (tensile stresses in many cases) contribute to building deformations. Along with solving practical problems, a number of theoretical issues are considered. Lineaments are associated with rock fracture zones and faults zones; the fault zones in crystalline foundation influence the formation of recent structures; and new platform structures, i.e. gravity-tectonic massifs and pull-apart depressions, are distinguished.

The paper describes a continuous numerical model of polluted groundwater plumes near the LRW storage reservoirs Lake Karachay and Staroye Boloto of Mayak Production Association. This model, developed by Gidrospetsgeologiya, is based on the long-term monitoring of data obtained by Facility-Focused Monitoring System (FFMS). The model is regularly updated as the FFMS database is augmented, new data of engineering-geological and hydrogeological surveys are obtained, and new tasks are set to assess the hydrogeological safety of nuclear facilities at the industrial site of Mayak Production Association.

One of the discontinuous faults in the south of the East European Platform is the Semiluki–Lipetsk fault extending submeridionally along the border of the recent Voronezh uplift and the Oka–Don Trough. Using the engineering-geological, geophysical, geodetic, geochemical, structural-geomorphological, etc. methods, accompanied by drilling and field studies, detailed studies have made it possible to determine the type of a discontinuous fault as an expansion in the participation of right-strike slip (dextral shear) stresses. It is associated with fracturing of bedrock and Quaternary sediments, landslides, and falls, including large gravitational-tectonic massifs, surface and underground karst, suffusion, and pull-apart basins. In general, these processes affect the geological stability of the site of the nuclear power plant, causing the development of negative processes. The reasons for the extension conditions in the Semiluki–Lipetsk fault zone are considered from two positions, the influence of pressure from the south from the Alpine orogen of the Caucasus and the connection with intra-platform deep processes that cause the Earth’s crust to extend beneath the Oka–Don Trough.

The deep structure of the Earth’s crust and the surface of the mantle lithosphere of the East European platform are considered. In the three main layers (lower, middle, and upper) of the Earth’s crust, as well as in the surface of the mantle lithosphere, deformations expressed in the changing thickness of the layers have been identified for the first time. Deformations in all layers were compared to distinguish active centers and principal (cross-cutting) and local (manifested in separate layers) regions. The boundaries of these regions are active zones of different ranks. The observed occurrence of cross-cutting deformations from layer to layer or in separate layers indicates the subhorizontal stratification and vertical divisibility of the Earth’s crust. Deformations of the deep layers are compared with the latest near-surface platform, which revealed a connection between near-surface and deep deformations and indicated that the deep deformations are the latest ones. This study is relevant for solving fundamental problems on the origin of the latest structures and a number of practical problems.

Suffusion processes and their influence on the stability of the Rostov NPP site are investigated. Geological, tectonic, geomorphological, hydrogeological conditions, as well as anthropogenic factors affect the development and intensification of suffusion. These conditions and factors include the following: predominance of Pliocene and Quaternary sands in the geological cross-section; the presence of clay aquiclude underlying sandy deposits; natural seasonal and human-induced fluctuations of the water level in the Tsimlyansk reservoir; as well as pumping of groundwater. The buried relief in the shape of a slope dissected by erosional gullies are also of great importance. These erosional depressions are probably channels, along which sand is removed to the Tsimlyansk water reservoir. It is suffusion that may be the reason of surface subsidence that causes deformation of ground basements and inclinations of some engineering structures at NPP. Recent tectonic conditions control the formation of active zones and fracturing in the mantle deposits favoring percolation of surface water. Suffusion amplified by tectonic and technogenic factors results in the subsidence of soil basement in some places at the NPP site, displacement of reference marks, and inclination of engineering structures.

In connection with the construction of industrial centers on the territory of the Noginsko-Klyazminsky district, we conducted out material-structural, structural-geomorphological (neotectonic) and geodynamic studies. Studies have revealed a weak protection of this territory from irrational use. The buried limestone surface is characterized by excessive fissuring and powerful weathering, and limestone is cavernous, which indicates the development of leaching processes.Thin and predominantly sandy composition of Quaternary deposits, overlying bedrock, is permeable to atmospheric and surface sediments, including technologically polluted runoff. Closed depressions, funnels, subsidence, flooding, etc. were found in the relief.Changes in the terrain under construction adversely affect the geological environment, since this leads to a point-like pollution of groundwater near to the surface, and the barrage effect - to disruption of the groundwater flow.These features of the geological structure are unfavorable for placement on the territory of Noginsk and, in the valley of the river Vassa industrial centers.

Рассматривается новейшая структура территории Верхнекамского месторождения калийных солей (ВКМКС), которая может влиять на современное состояние соляной залежи и быть одной из причин происходящих негативных природнотехногенных процессов. На основании структурно-геодинамических исследований в пределах новейшего Соликамского поднятия выделены три неотектонические области, Северная, Центральная и Южная, отличающиеся типом новейших структур, геодинамическими условиями их формирования и степенью наследования соляных структур. Оценено происхождение новейших структур, которое связывается с латеральным СЗ-ЮВ сжатием, при котором формируются обратные соотношения разновозрастных структур и происходит активизация древних разломов. Отмечается, что для предупреждения катастрофических провалов и опасных горно-геологических явлений необходимы учет и оценка не только древних герцинских дислокаций, но и неотектонических структур и геодинамических условий их формирования.

This article deals with the topical problems related to studies of recent tectonic structures of the East European Craton and Scythian Plate. These are, in particular, broad development of cover formations above neotectonic structures (such covers complicate the estimation of amplitudes of tectonic movements); discontinuous distribution and insufficient degree of preservation of deposits correlative to the recent stage; overestimated denudation cut from recent uplifts; different points of view on the type of structural forms (block or bend); character and type of boundaries between structural forms; neotectonic implications of buried valleys; change of structural plans during the recent stage; and geodynamic conditions and sources of tectonic stresses during the formation of recent structures.

The neotectonic structures in the southwest limb of the Voronezh Anteclise have been studied; they are very gentle bends of positive (uplift) and negative (depression) types and occur as deformations of the base of the modern Poltava Formation. These structures are characteristically pronouncedly asymmetric with the gently dipping northern limbs and steep southern ones. In order to determine the geodynamic setting of formation of these structures lineaments and rock cleavage were studied. The Seym depression is considered to be a tectonically active zone that divides two areas in which the modern structures are formed by forces of different natures.

The neotectonic structures of the Lower Oka (Nizhneokskii) Region formed under different geo-dynamic conditions. This is attested by the morphology, orientation, internal structure, and jointing of the structures. The Oka-Tsna arc formed under the effect of tension from an inner source on the one hand and stress from the Alpian belt on the other hand. The latitudinally-oriented structures of the northwestern slope of the Tokmovo arc emerged as a result of uplift and widening. Both types of structure are combined within the limits of the Oka-Murom trough, which is a geodynamically active zone.

The paper discusses changes in the structure of river valleys under action of Coriolis forces, directed migration of river channels toward the right-side banks regardless of river orientation, dimensions, and water abundance. The values of lateral and bottom erosion in river valleys are compared with the rates of modern deformations in platforms and mountainous regions. This phenomenon is to be taken into consideration when interpreting lineaments and other topographic features as tectonic elements.

The influence has been established of the structure of the initial ketone, the reactants, and the reaction conditions on the direction of the interaction of α,β-unsaturated ketones of the adamantane series with hydrazine, phenylhydrazine, semicarbazide, thiosemicarbazide, urea, and thiourea. It was found that on interaction with hydrazine and phenylhydrazine both intermediate hydrazones and the final cyclization products, pyrazolines, were formed. Reaction with semicarbazide and thiosemicarbazide leads only to the synthesis of derivatives at the carbonyl group, semicarbazones and thiosemicarbazones, but with urea and thiourea leads to products of addition at the double bond.

The review summarizes and analyzes both theoretical aspects and practical applications of C-, N-, O-, and S-alkylation with α-halo ketones of aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, and heterocyclic compounds. Some reactions of α-halo ketones with difunctional nucleophiles are also discussed.