There has been described a clinical case to demonstrate the capabilities of transcranial duplex scanning (TCDS) in brain death diagnosis. The feature of the technique is the detection of brain circulation stagnation staging: from alternating circulation to a total absence of Doppler spectrum in all intraand extracranial arteries of brachiocephalic system including all standard imaging approaches, among them transorbital imaging of intracranial vessels. The identification of alternating circulation in extracranial vessels enables to verify stagnation of brain circulation regardless intracranial blood flow indices that is of great importance in case of bad quality of bone window for TCDS.

The aim of the investigation is to study the state of arteries of elastic and muscular type in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and subclinical hypothyroidism to reveal potential factors of cardiovascular risk. Materials and methods. There have been studied three groups of patients, each group consisting of 29 females: 1st control group, with no abnormalities, 2nd with autoimmune thyroiditis and euthyroid status, 3rd with autoimmune thyroiditis and subclinical hypothyroidism. There have been estimated hormonal status (ТТГ, Т4, Т3), antibody level to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxydase, endothelial function and arterial stiffness. Results. In subclinical hypothyroidism there is significant decrease of endothelial function of brachial artery, with normal indices of nonendothelium dependent vasodilation; arterial wall stiffness and endothelial dysfunction increase, that is determined by a number of factors including the levels of T3, T4, thyrotropic hormone, lipid profile, and arterial pressure. The level of systemic arterial pressure can be of great concern in the increase of arterial stiffness if there are no marked changes of lipid spectrum. The obtained data indicate the negative effect of even minimal thyroid function on vessel condition that can contribute to the increase of cardiovascular risk along with lipid spectrum disorders in this group of patients.

The aim of the investigation is to study the state of arteries of elastic and muscular type in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and subclinical hypothyroidism to reveal potential factors of cardiovascular risk.Materials and methods. There have been studied three groups of patients, each group consisting of 29 females: 1st - control group, with no abnormalities, 2nd - with autoimmune thyroiditis and euthyroid status, 3rd - with autoimmune thyroiditis and subclinical hypothyroidism. There have been estimated hormonal status (TTT,T4,T3), antibody level to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxydase, endothelial function and arterial stiffness.Results. In subclinical hypothyroidism there is significant decrease of endothelial function of brachial artery, with normal indices of nonendothelium dependent vasodilation; arterial wall stiffness and endothelial dysfunction increase, that is determined by a number of factors including the levels of T3, T4, thyrotropic hormone, lipid profile, and arterial pressure. The level of systemic arterial pressure can be of great concern in the increase of arterial stiffness if there are no marked changes of lipid spectrum. The obtained data indicate the negative effect of even minimal thyroid function on vessel condition that can contribute to the increase of cardiovascular risk along with lipid spectrum disorders in this group of patients.

Aim of investigation is a study of the systolic and diastolic dysfunctions, including the segmental and global diastolic disturbances depending on the left ventricle geometrical values and the arterial pressure level in children with a diabetes mellitus of the 1st type.Materials and methods. 126 children with a diabetes mellitus of the 1st type are examined. 38 children are examined with a disease remoteness of up to 5 years; 69 children - of 5-10 years; 19 children - of more than 10 years. An echocardiographic examination with the restimulation index, systolic and diastolic function value calculation was made. A method of tissue visualization in the impulse and wave mode was used for assessment of a segmental diastolic dysfunction.Results. The heart lesion in children with a diabetes mellitus of the 1st type was characterized by the left ventricle hypertrophy development according to eccentric type, accompanied by the left ventricle segmental diastolic dysfunction early appearance according to a delayed relaxation type. The arterial pressure increase, revealing at the indexed value analysis, is one of the most substantial factors, defining the cardiovascular system functioning disturbances.

The article is devoted to classification, diagnostics and treatment of headaches. It describes positive properties of ibuprofen which is recommended for relieving pain for children as young as 3 months old.Key words: children, headache, classification, diagnostics, treatment.

A role of central control of peripheral nervous system was investigated in 79 teenagers with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The patients were studied using clinical and neurophysiological methods, electroneuromyography and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP). The SSEP analysis revealed the disturbances of sensory pathways in the central nervous system at early stage of diabetes mellitus. A new pathogenic mechanism of progressive polyneuropathy with trophic complications is presented. At the initial stage of the disease, low conductivity is combined with a compensating acceleration of conductivity in the central structures. In diabetes course, central conductivity declines and control over peripheral system decreases resulting in the disease progression. In trophic complications, acceleration of conductivity is absent already at the early stages, suggesting a primary weak control over the peripheral nervous system.

Clinical and electroneuromyographical (ENMG) study of 24 children with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) was conducted. Using ENMG, axonal and demyelinating GBS variants differing by course and rehabilitation time were distinguished. To predict a development of bulbar and respiratory disorders and to evaluate their severity and duration, diaphragm and adductive nerves conduction was investigated. Factors influencing motor function rehabilitation rate in GBS were the following: mean distal M-response amplitude during peroneal nerve stimulation, proximal to distal amplitudes ratio, M-response amplitude for femoral nerves. Three types of ENMG parameter rehabilitation in children with GBS (linear, stepped and undular) which characterize different rates of rehabilitation process are described.

Electromyography bindings of blink reflex, visual and acoustic evoked potentials have been studied in 35 children with facial nerve neuropathy (FNN), 20 children with FNN being manifested for the first time and 15 children being affected with recurrent type. Blink reflex analysis in FNN has revealed trifacial and controlateral facial nerve pathology in 10-20% cases. Factors essentional for rehabilitation and development of complications were the following: (1) duration of conduction block along trigeminis-facial nerve arch, (2) conduction block association, according to the blink reflex, with the absence of M-response in direct facial nerve stimulation, (3) a coefficient of M-response amplitude ratio on affected and intact sides, (4) P100 latency disturbance and its wave like rehabilitation during 4-6 months. Recurrent FNN was characterized by: (1) R1 latency increase and ipsilateral R2 in stimulation on intact side, (2) P100 latency fluctuations without returning to normal state, (3) bilateral increase of III peak latency and I-III intervals.

Clinical electroneuromyography (ENMG) was carried out in 63 children aged 2-17 years with polyneuropathy (PNP). Correlations were studied between the results of the laboratory studies and ENMG evidence, duration, severity of diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetic PNP was characterised as demyelinating motor-sensory or sensory PNP. ENMG signs of axonopathy and of a sensory block of the conductivity through the nerves of lower extremities at early stages of DM were estimated as prognostically unfavourable ones in terms of trophic complications development. Duration of DM had some influence on the nervous conductivity, while axonal function was more stable. The factor that determined the severity of PNP course was the age of DM onset. It resulted in the necessity of more accurate control because of the risk of PNP development in children with DM onset at the age of 12-13 years. At early stages of DM conductivity through peripheral nerves correlated with the level of glycosylated hemoglobin and with the frequency of hypoglycemic states.

Clinical electroneuromyography (ENMG) was carried out in 63 children aged 2-17 years with polyneuropathy (PNP). Correlations were studied between the results of the laboratory studies and ENMG evidence, duration, severity of diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetic PNP was characterised as demyelinizating motor-sensory or sensory PNP. ENMG signs of axonopathy and of a sensory block of the conductivity through the nerves of lower extremities at early stages of DM were estimated as prognostically unfavourable ones in terms of trophic complications development. Duration of DM had some influence on the nervous conductivity, while axonal function was more stable. The factor that determined the severity of PNP course was the age of DM onset. It resulted in the necessity of more accurate control because of the risk of PNP development in children with DM onset at the age of 12-13 years. At early stages of DM conductivity through peripheral nerves correlated with the level of glycosylated hemoglobin and with the frequency of hypoglycemic states.