Proteases play a key role in the physiological processes of the small intestine, supporting its normal physiological functions as a part of the digestive system, in which hydrolysis and assimilation of nutrients are implemented. A high concentration of antigens in the intestinal lumen activates immunity and stimulates a chronic weakly expressed inflammatory response in a normal gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Cathepsin G , a serine protease controlling the functional state of immune cells, directly participates in the complicated system for the regulation of balance between physiological and pathological inflammations. To determine the role of cathepsin G in the small intestine, an immunofluorescent investigation of biopsies from the human duodenal mucosa were investigated using the confocal immunofluorescence microscopy method and human antibodies to cathepsin G . It has been shown for the first time that cathepsin G , which was regarded conventionally as one of the effectors of the inflammatory process, is a constitutive enzyme of the human duodenum and is constantly present in its normal mucosa. The new cell sources for the cathepsin G biosynthesis identified: intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), lamina propria lymphocytes, CD 14-positive intestinal macrophages, and Paneth cells, which are specialized epitheliocytes of intestinal glands. Our data on the cathepsin G expression by immunocytes and Paneth cells in the duodenum allow us to attribute cathepsin G to the main proteases of intestinal immunity, which indicates the important role of this enzyme in the regulation of human GIT functions.

Aim. To identify pathologic features of the colonic mucosa in patients with chronic post-parasitic colitis. Methods. Under the observation were 80 patients aged 38-42 years (38 men and 42 women) 1.5-2 years after undergoing parasitic diseases (amebiasis, giardiasis, diphyllobothriasis). In 19 patients due to the presence of dyspeptic phenomena colon mucosa was evaluated by morphometric parameters using grid of Avtandilov. The control group consisted of 6 patients with adaptive norm, in which by complex evaluation (bacteriology, parasitology, endoscopic, histologic) the pathology has not been revealed. Biopsies of colon mucosa were fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution and embedded in paraffin. Histological sections were stained with 1% aqueous solution of Alcian blue, Mayer’s hematoxylin and eosin; for morphometric analysis of 24 objective indicators - azure II-eosin by Romanovsky, with eosin methylene blue and thionine by Nicolas. Results. It was found that the mucosa in chronic post-parasitic colitis in all cases different from the normal colonic mucosa by registered parameters: the amebiasis - in 50% of cases, giardiasis - in 54.1%, with difillobotriosis - in 70.8%. In post-difillobotriosis colitis the number of fibroblasts in the lamina propria was reduced. Post-lyambliotic colitis characterized by hypertrophy of the surface epithelium and a high mitotic activity of the epithelium of intestinal glands. Conclusion. After undergoing parasitic diseases, in the colon mucosa preserved histological changes corresponding to chronic ulcerative colitis; post-amebiasis chronic colitis characterized by catarrhal-haemorrhagic inflammation, chronic post-lyambliotic - catarrhal-follicular, post-difillobotriosis - catarrhal-haemorrhagic inflammation with high activity of the pathological process and moderate atrophy of the intestinal glands.

A duodenase, a protease structurally related to human cathepsin G, was found earlier in bovine duodenal mucosa. It was demonstrated that under the influence of duodenase an enteropeptidase zymogen is activated in vitro showing the possible participation of duodenase in the cascade of activation of digestive enzymes. To identify a duodenase functional analog in human duodenum, an immunofluorescence study of duodenal mucosa was conducted by confocal microscopy using antibodies to human cathepsin G and to bovine duodenase. The previously unknown place of synthesis and secretion of cathepsin G — Paneth cells located at the bottom of Lieberkuhn crypts — was revealed. Binding of cathepsin G-specific antibodies in a rough endoplasmic reticulum zone and in the cryptal duct was observed. Duodenase-specific immunofluorescence but not that of cathepsin G was found in the epitheliocytes and secretory ducts of Brunner’s glands, which are characteristic sites of duodenase biosynthesis in cattle. Binding of CD14-specific antibodies in the Brunner’s glands, where the antibodies co-localized with the antibodies to duodenase, was also demonstrated. These data indicate the presence of a protein immunologically similar to duodenase in the human duodenal mucosa. Our study demonstrated the absence of its colocalization with cathepsin G in Brunner’s glands.

The aim of the study is to present a comparative assessment of some invasive and noninvasive diagnostic techniques of Helicobacter pylori. Materials and methods. Helicobacter pylori has been diagnosed on 283 gastrobioptates obtained for diagnosis purposes in 113 patients with chronic gastroduodenitis using invasive (histology, histobacterioscopy, urease Helpyl-test) and noninvasive (respiratory Helic-test, "GastroPanel" immunoenzyme test system) techniques. Helicobacteriosis was verified by histobacterioscopy in 95.3% of cases, by Helpyl-test in 83.6%, by Helic-test in 63.2% and by "GastroPanel" test system 87%. The involvement of antral part of the stomach using histological technique has been revealed in 59.7% of patients, and by "GastroPanel" test system in 36.6%. The changes in gastric fundus have been diagnosed by histological technique in 20.5% of patients, and by "GastroPanel" test system in 17.6%. Conclusion. Among noninvasive techniques the most promising one is "GastroPanel" test system, and in a less degree urease respiratory Helic-test; and from invasive techniques Helpyl-test and histobacterioscopy. The data received can be used in quick H. pylori diagnosis, early treatment in a noninvasive form of chronic gastritis verification.

The aim of the study is to present a comparative assessment of some invasive and noninvasive diagnostic techniques of Helicobacter pylori.Materials and methods. Helicobacter pylori has been diagnosed on 283 gastrobioptates obtained for diagnosis purposes in 113 patients with chronic gastroduodenitis using invasive (histology, histobacterioscopy, urease Helpyl-test) and noninvasive (respiratory Helic-test, "GastroPanel" immunoenzyme test system) techniques. Helicobacteriosis was verified by histobacterioscopy in 95.3% of cases, by Helpyl-test-in 83.6%, by Helic-test-in 63.2% and by "GastroPanel" test system-87%. The involvement of antral part of the stomach using histological technique has been revealed in 59.7% of patients, and by "GastroPanel" test system-in 36.6%. The changes in gastric fundus have been diagnosed by histological technique in 20.5% of patients, and by "GastroPanel" test system-in 17.6%.Conclusion. Among noninvasive techniques the most promising one is "GastroPanel" test system, and in a less degree-urease respiratory Helic-test; and from invasive techniques-Helpyl-test and histobacterioscopy. The data received can be used in quick H. pylori diagnosis, early treatment in a noninvasive form of chronic gastritis verification.`

Нistopathological and gistobakteriological methods studied 178 biopsies of mucosa antrum and fundus of the stomach, obtained from 100 patients with «chronic gastroduodenitis». It was established that various vital forms of pyloric helicobacter (twisted, rod-and coccus) cause one type of chronic helicobacter gastritis, but different activity of the pathological process.

The histology, gistobacterioskopic and urease Express-metods (Helpil-test and Helic-test) studiend 272 biopsies of the mucous membrane of different pars of the stomach and duodenum. Have it established that the pyloric 4 helicobacter in gastrobiopsis is histological verified in 95,9 %, by the urease Helpil - test in 83,6 % and by the urease Helik-test only in 63,2%.

Нistopathological and gistobakteriological methods studied 178 biopsies of mucosa antrum and fundus of the stomach, obtained from 100 patients with «chronic gastroduodenitis». It was established that various vital forms of pyloric helicobacter (twisted, rod-and coccus) cause one type of chronic helicobacter gastritis, but different activity of the pathological process.

The histology, gistobacterioskopic and urease Express-metods (Helpil-test and Helic-test) studiend 272 biopsies of the mucous membrane of different pars of the stomach and duodenum. Have it established that the pyloric 4 helicobacter in gastrobiopsis is histological verified in 95,9 %, by the urease Helpil test in 83,6 % and by the urease Helik-test only in 63,2%.