The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution and content of neuroglobin in the pyramidal neurons of the frontal and parietal cortex of white rats during simulated cholestasis. Material and methods. The study included 60 outbred white male rats weighed 200–250 g. Cholestasis was simulated by ligation of the common bile duct in the porta hepatis area (main group, n=30). Animals of the control group (n=30) were performed a false operation preserving physiological bile outflow. Sections of the frontal and parietal cortex of white rats were selected for investigation. The content and distribution of neuroglobin was detected immunohistochemically on paraffin sections using mouse monoclonal primary antibodies Anti- Neuroglobin antibody (Abcam). Cytophotometric analysis was used to perform quantitative assessment of the content of the studied molecular marker; after that statistical analysis was performed. Results. It was found that the content of neuroglobin in the pericarions of neurons of the frontal and parietal cortex modified in a wave-like mode. After ligation of the common bile duct, the content of neuroglobin significantly decreased in 2, 10 and 45 days (minimum on the 10th day) in the frontal cortex and in 90 days in the parietal cortex, and increased in 5 and 20 days of the experiment (maximum on the 20th day). Conclusion. In cholestasis, the content of neuroglobin in the pericarions of neurons of the frontal and parietal cortex modifies in waves: a decrease is observed on the 2nd, 10th, 45th day; an increase is observed on the 5th and 20th day; a recovery is observed on the 90th day.

Objective. To evaluate the dynamics of the formation of GABAergic neurons in the cortex and nuclei of the developing cerebellum of white rats during postnatal ontogeny using immunohistochemical detection of glutamate decarboxylase (GDC). Materials and methods. Studies were carried out on 16 mongrel white rats on days 2, 7, and 15 (the early postnatal period) and on day 45 (the pubertal period) after birth. GABAergic neurons were detected immunohistochemically using GAD67 primary mouse monoclonal antibodies to GDC, this being the enzyme synthesizing γ-aminobutyric acid. GDC immunoreactivity was studied on paraffin sections of the paravermal zone of the cerebellum. Results. GDC was detected in the cytoplasm of the bodies of all types of GABAergic neurons in the cerebellar cortex on postnatal day 2. The cytoplasm of the bodies of piriform (Purkinje) cells (PC) showed a maximum level on day 7, while their dendrites showed a maximum on day 15, and there was a subsequent reduction in large stellate cells (Golgi cells, GC) on day 45. GDC immunoreactivity in the axons of stellate and basket neurons was significantly elevated by day 45 and these formed plexuses (baskets) around PC bodies. GABAergic synapses were detected in the cerebellar cortex on day 7 and reached maximal development on day 45. The cytoplasm of the bodies of some neurons in the globose and emboliform nuclei of the cerebellum showed moderate GDC immunoreactivity in two-day-old rats. On day 7, GDC-immunopositive fi bers and axodendritic synapses were seen between neurons, with axosomatic synapses on neuron bodies, the number of these structures increasing by day 45. Conclusions. Immunohistochemical studies of GDC clearly identifi ed the dynamics of postnatal structural transformations of the bodies, processes, and synaptic terminals of GABAergic neurons in the rat cerebellum.

Cholestasis (disturbance of the liver bile outflow into the duodenum) is a frequent complication of cholelithiasis and other pathologies of the hepatobiliary system. In this case, all metabolism types are disturbances and all body organs and systems, including the nervous system, are affected. The objective of the study was to establish changes in the c-fos immunoreactivity in the cerebellum neurons of rats at different time after modeling subhepatic cholestasis. In this work, we used a material of 60 white male rats 200–250 g in weight. In experimental animals, the ligation of the common bile duct was carried out, in control animals – a false operation while maintaining a physiological bile flow in the duodenum throughout the experiment. Subhepatic cholestasis in rats is accompanied by an increase in the cortex cerebellum on the 2–20th days after the ligation of the common bile duct of the number of neurons with the increased c-fos-immunoreactivity, with the maximum one on the 10th day of the experiment. In surviving animals, after the removal of cholestasis in the long term (45–90 days), the number of neurons with the increased c-fos immunoreactivity, as well as the expression of this protein in neurons is normalized.

The review describes new data that have appeared in the literature in recent decades about the involvement of the cerebellum in regulation of many processes and functions of the body: arterial pressure, respiration, immune processes, eating behavior, eye movement, speech, sleep and wakefulness, emotions, attention, cognitive and creative processes.

This work was performed on the offspring of 5 outbred female albino rats to give a comparative immunohistochemical evaluation of doublecortin (DCX) and NeuN expression in the neurons of the cerebellar cortex and nucleus interpositus in the early postnatal ontogenesis (postnatal days 2-15). DCX expression was detected in postmitotic neurons of the external granular layer and migrating neurons of the cerebellar cortex. At postnatal days 2 and 7 DCX expression in neocerebellum was higher than in paleocerebellum. NeuN expression was found to appear in migrating granule neurons, and reach the maximum in mature neurons of internal granular layer. DCX expression was not detected in Purkinje cells and in the nucleus interpositus of the cerebellum. In neurons of the nucleus interpositus the expression of NeuN progressively increased from postnatal days 2 to 15. Thus, a comparative immunohistochemical study of the dynamics of the expression of the pair of molecular markers studied proved to be an effective way of the assessment of the development of granular neurons of the cerebellum in early postnatal ontogenesis.

The aim of this study — qualitative and quantitativeevaluation of synaptogenesis in the developingcerebellum of the rat (postnatal Days 2–45) usingimmunohistochemical detection of synaptophysin(SYP) as the the marker. The expression of SYPwas demonstrated in postmitotic neurons of theexternal granular layer and migrating precursors ofgranular neurons of the cerebellum. During thewhole period studied, an increase in the width ofthe zone of synaptogenesis in the molecular layertook place together with the decrease of SYPimmunoreactivity.The reduction in the number ofSYP-immunopositive synapses was noted aroundPurkinje cell perikarya from Day 7 till Day 15. In theinternal granular layer, SYP-immunopositive dotswere observed that increased in size from Day 2 toDay 45 due to the formation of cerebellar glomeruli.In the cerebellar interposed nucleus, the numberand sizes of axosomatic synapses aroundneuronal perikarya were found to increase duringthe whole period examined. In the neuropil, theuneven aggregates of SYP-immunopositiveaxodendritic synapses were observed.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of mother's subhepatic cholestasis on the postnatal synaptogenesis in the cerebellum of offspring with the marker synaptophysin (SYN) as well as to assess the possibility of correction of the revealed disturbances with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). 36 rat pups from 2 to 45 days old were studied. It was found that experimental cholestasis induced in the mother on the 17th day of gestation retarded synaptogenesis in the cerebellum of their offspring, especially in the early period after birth: in all cortex layers and nucleus interpositus of the cerebellum there were changes in the dynamics of the expression of the synaptic vesicles marker synaptophysin, while UDCA partially corrected these disturbances.