Введение. Холестаз – застой желчи, который приводит к поступлению ее компонентов в кровь, что оказывает токсическое воздействие на различные органы и системы, включая головной мозг. Представляло интерес изучить влияние данной патологии на нейроны филогенетически древней грушевидной коры головного мозга крыс. Цель. Оценить морфофункциональные изменения нейронов грушевидной коры головного мозга крыс при холестазе, а также сравнить их с ранее установленными нарушениями в нейронах филогенетически новой и переходной коры. Материал и методы. Исследовали нейроны второго и третьего слоя грушевидной коры мозга крыс в разные сроки после перевязки/перерезки у них общего желчного протока или ложной операции (контроль). Использовали гистологический, гистохимический, морфометрический, статистический методы. Результаты. В нейронах второго слоя грушевидной коры выявлены умеренные гистологические изменения, в нейронах третьего слоя изменения не выявлялись. Выводы. Нейроны филогенетически древней грушевидной коры мозга крыс проявляют большую устойчивость к подпеченочному холестазу, по сравнению с нейронами новой и промежуточной коры.

Введение. Изучение иммунореактивности синаптофизина в аксодендритических и аксосоматических синапсах нейронов мелкоклеточного и крупноклеточного слоев поясной коры при холестазе поможет понять их функциональное состояние при этой патологии. Цель. Изучить иммунореактивность синаптофизина в аксодендритических и аксосоматических синапсах нейронов поясной коры головного мозга крысы. Материал и методы. Исследовали нейроны мелкоклеточного и крупноклеточного слоев переднего отдела поясной коры мозга крыс в разные сроки после перевязки/перерезки у них общего желчного протока или ложной операции (контроль). Использовали гистологический, иммуногистохимический, морфометрический, статистический методы. Результаты. На пике холестаза (10, 20 сутки) у крыс содержание синаптофизина в синапсах нейронов поясной коры значительно снижается. В отдаленные сроки (45, 90 сутки) после операции при устранении холестаза содержание синаптофизина в поясной коре нормализуется. Выводы. Нейроны мелкоклеточного и крупноклеточного слоя переднего отдела поясной коры обладают высокой синаптической пластичностью.

The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution and content of neuroglobin in the pyramidal neurons of the frontal and parietal cortex of white rats during simulated cholestasis. Material and methods. The study included 60 outbred white male rats weighed 200–250 g. Cholestasis was simulated by ligation of the common bile duct in the porta hepatis area (main group, n=30). Animals of the control group (n=30) were performed a false operation preserving physiological bile outflow. Sections of the frontal and parietal cortex of white rats were selected for investigation. The content and distribution of neuroglobin was detected immunohistochemically on paraffin sections using mouse monoclonal primary antibodies Anti- Neuroglobin antibody (Abcam). Cytophotometric analysis was used to perform quantitative assessment of the content of the studied molecular marker; after that statistical analysis was performed. Results. It was found that the content of neuroglobin in the pericarions of neurons of the frontal and parietal cortex modified in a wave-like mode. After ligation of the common bile duct, the content of neuroglobin significantly decreased in 2, 10 and 45 days (minimum on the 10th day) in the frontal cortex and in 90 days in the parietal cortex, and increased in 5 and 20 days of the experiment (maximum on the 20th day). Conclusion. In cholestasis, the content of neuroglobin in the pericarions of neurons of the frontal and parietal cortex modifies in waves: a decrease is observed on the 2nd, 10th, 45th day; an increase is observed on the 5th and 20th day; a recovery is observed on the 90th day.

The aim of this study was to determine the structural and metabolic alterations in the histaminergic neurons of the brain on the 20th day of cholestasis and their correction with ursofalk. The changes of the size, the shape and disturbance of some enzymes in cytoplasm of the histaminergic neurons (subgroups E2) of rat's hypothalamus, are established, ursofalk decreasing these changes.

The aim of the study was the estimation of metabolic changes in rat brain histaminergic neurons in dynamics of subhepatic cholestasis. The investigation was carried out in male Wistar rats using the quantitative histochemical methods. It was found that cholestasis induced significant changes in the activity of dehydrogenases of succinate, lactate, glucose-6-phosphate, NADH and NADPH, as well as of acid phosphatase and type B monoamine oxidase in hypothalamic histaminergic neurons. These changes depended on the duration of cholestasis and had the dynamic, undulating pattern. They were demonstrated already after 5 days of cholestasis, reached their maximum by 10-20 days, were decreased at 45 days and disappeared after 90 days.

The aim of the study was the estimation of structural and metabolic changes in histaminergic neurons of rat hypothalamic E2 nucleus induced by total external bile drainage. The investigation was carried out on male Wistar rats (n=45). The control group comprised the sham-operated animals, in which the physiological bile drainage was preserved during the whole experimental period. Quantitative histological and histochemical methods were used. In serial frontal cryostat sections of posterior hypothalamus, the activity of the following enzymes was demonstrated histochemically: monoamine oxidase B, succinate dehydrogenase, NADH- dehydrogenase, NADPH-dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase. Morphometric study of histaminergic neurons was performed in thionin-stained sections. It was found that total external bile drainage resulted in a temporary reduction of the sizes and rounding of neuronal perikarya. Metabolic changes were detected already after 1 day of bile loss, and they were found to progress henceforth. All the pathways of energy metabolism were suppressed, while the acid phosphatase activity was increased, on day 5.

The experiments were carried out on 17 rat pups (age 15 days) 10from them were born under conditions of obturational cholestasis induced in their mothers on the 12th day of pregnancy. Using anthropometric, histologic and morphometric methods, we showed that the experimentally induced cholestasis caused both lower weight gain in pregnant females and their litter and retardation of the physical development and of cellular differentiation in parenchyma of gastrointestinal and urogenital systems in rat pups. The degree of such changes depended both on the type of organ and on its functional activity during this age period.