The research was carried out in Novosibirsk, a large metropolis with a population of more than 1.6 million people. The city has a well-developed transportation and logistics infrastructure, and an industrial complex that contribute to an increased environmental burden due to pollutants with a synergistic effect The study assessed the microbiological characteristics of soil as an indicator of the environmental status in areas with reduced traffic, motor vehicle, and industrial pollution. These findings were compared with data from instrumental analysis of atmospheric air conducted by West Siberian Administration for Hydrometeorological and Environmental Monitoring at stationary sites adjacent to the soil sampling points. It was revealed that the microbiological processes of the nitrogen cycle are disrupted in the urban-gray forest soil of Novosibirsk, especially in the area affected by transport and industrial pollution. This leads to a decrease in the number of nitrogen-fixing and protein-mineralizing microorganisms. The trend of development of microorganisms that utilize organic and mineral nitrogen correlates with air pollution from dust, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and carbon monoxide in the surveyed areas. The abundance of autotrophic nitrogen fixers in the soils of different zones of the city is similar, which may be attributed to the intensity of fuel combustion processes. Despite the relatively high nitrogen content, the potential for the development of denitrifies in the densely populated Central district of the city, with its high traffic load, is not realized in the soil due to the salt content. Changes in the nitrogen cycle indicate degradation of the ecological functions of the soil in polluted urban areas.

40% of the territory of Western Siberia is occupied by solonetzes, used mainly for growing forage grasses. The phytomeliorative effect of yellow sweet clover (cultivated in crop rotation at the Siberian Federal Research Center of Agrobiotechnologies (SFSCA) of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) for 31 years), as well as post crop rotation grassing with a mixture of brome and alfalfa (the mixture was sown after twenty years of crop rotation) on the microflora of medium solonetz was studied. It is shown that the cultivation of phytomeliorants has led to an increase in the representation of classes and orders of bacteria in the microbiome of the medium solonetz, associated with nitrogen fixation and mineralization activity of the soil in relation to nitrogen-containing substances. In the post crop rotation grassing variant, a low bacterization of the soil with Verrucomicrobia and a high, as in virgin soil, Acidobacteria were found.

Vast territories of Western Siberia (about 40%) are saline. On such lands, perennial grasses - phytomeliorants are mainly grown. The article presents the results of a four-year study of plant-microbial interactions in medium-sodium solonetz under fodder crop rotations with sweet yellow clover and awnless brome. The studies were conducted in the Baraba lowland, where crop rotations using layer-by-layer tillage were cultivated at the SSRIF (Siberian Scientific Research Institute of Feed) station for 33 years. In a six-field crop rotation with sweet clover in the first field, sweet clover of the Alsheevsky variety was sown with a cover crop – Sudan grass of the Novosibirskaya 84 variety; the second field was occupied by sweet clover; the third field was planted with Krasnoobsky oats. After that, everything was repeated all over again. In the crop rotation with rump, millet Kormovoe 45 was buried in the first field; in the second field, an awnless brome cultivar of the Siberian Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture -189 and millet were planted. Then the rump grew for four years. As a result of tillage and long-term exposure to phytomeliorant herbs in the 0–20 cm layer of medium solonetz, the biodiversity of bacteria has changed, the nitrification activity of the soil has increased by 1.9–2.3 times (primarily affecting the productivity of grasses cultivated in crop rotations). Under the sweet clover, the process of microbiological humus accumulation was activated. Using metagenomic analysis of 16S rRNA, four taxonomic groups of bacteria (phyla) were identified, significantly different from the virgin soil. In both crop rotations in the average solonetz, under the influence of agrobiological reclamation, the proportion of bacteria of the phylum firmicutes, mineralises of complex nitrogen-containing substances and producers of plant growth stimulants, as well as beta- and deltaproteobacteria, functionally associated with improving soil fertility, increased. Under the rump, the representation of Chloroflexi, indicators of soil density, significantly decreased.

In the Baraba Plain, the influence of crop rotations with sweet clover and awnless bromegrass on solonets has been studied in dynamics for more than 30 years. It has been noted that in the soil with phytomeliorative crop rotations total salt reserves have significantly decreased in comparison with the initial virgin soil. In the 0–20 cm soil layer, their number decreased 3.8–4.4 times, in the 20–40 cm layer – 4.6–7.7 times. As a result of grassing of the phytomeliorative crop rotation plots with a mixture of awnless bromegrass and alfalfa blue-hybrid, the effect of desalinization is decreasing (in the upper layer on average by 6.4 and 9.3%, in the lower layer – by 24.9% in the aftermath of the crop rotation with awnless bromegrass). The identified changes in the soil salinity have been reflected in the representation of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive bacteria. The abundance of low salt-tolerant representatives of the class Spartobacteria on the grassed area after crop rotations with sweet clover and bromegrass decreased by 3.2 and 3.6 times, and the abundance of the relatively salt-loving Cytophagia increased by 1.6 and 2.4 times. In the sown meadow after crop rotation with sweet clover, a higher amount of complexly decomposable plant residues (mainly cereals) was observed, as evidenced by the increased content of acidobacteria. According to the abundance of the genera Gaiella from the class Thermoleophilia and Microlunatus from the class Actinobacteria, the meliorative effect in terms of desalinization and aeration of solonets is greater in sweet clover than in bromegrass. Grassing increases mineralization activity and oligotrophic soil in solonetz on average in 20–40 cm layer more strongly than in 0–20 cm layer by 1.6–2.2 times. Potential microbiological humus accumulation under sown meadow decreases in the upper layer of the plot previously occupied by the rotation with sweet clover, and in the lower layer – by the rotation with bromegrass.

Показана реакция микробного сообщества круговорота азота в черноземе выщелоченном северной лесостепи Приобья на осеннее внесение КАС-32 и гранулированного сернокислого аммония в дозе 60 кг д.в. по стерневому фону под вторую пшеницу в севообороте. Установлено, что жидкое азотное удобрение КАС-32 стимулировало развитие нитрификаторов, азотфиксаторов и микроорганизмов-минерализаторов, использующих органические формы азота, и уменьшало обилие в почве денитрификаторов, связанных с потерями газообразного азота. Совместное внесение КАС-32 и микробиологического препарата Стернифаг, СП обеспечило дополнительный прирост почвенных аммонификаторов в 1,5 раза и уменьшило обилие денитрификаторов в 1,4 раза. Сернокислый аммоний на стерневом фоне положительно повлиял на нитрификаторов и азотфиксаторов. Корреляционная связь урожайности зерна яровой пшеницы при прямом посеве с микробами круговорота азота в черноземе выщелоченном была на уровне сильной и лишь у аммонификаторов оказалась средней силы. The reaction of the microbial community of the nitrogen cycle in the leached chernozem of the northern forest-steppe of the Ob region to the autumn application of UAN-32 and granular ammonium sulfate at the dose of 60 kg a.i. on the stubble background for the second wheat in the crop rotation was shown. It was found that the liquid nitrogen fertilizer UAN-32 stimulated the development of nitrifiers, nitrogen fixers and mineralizing microorganisms using organic forms of nitrogen, and reduced the abundance of denitrifiers in the soil associated with losses of gaseous nitrogen. The joint application of UAN-32 and the microbiological preparation Sternifag provided the additional increase in soil ammonifiers by 1.5 times and reduced the abundance of denitrifiers by 1.4 times. Ammonium sulfate on a stubble background had the positive effect on nitrifiers and nitrogen fixers. The correlation between the yield of spring wheat grain in direct sowing with the microorganisms of the nitrogen cycle in the leached chernozem was strong and it turned out to be of average strength only with the ammonifiers.

Vast areas of Western Siberia (about 40%) are occupied by saline soils. Solonetzic agricultural lands are mainly used for growing perennial grasses - phytomeliorants. To increase the yield of fodder crops on solonetz lands, specialists of the Siberian Research Institute of Fodder Crops in the 80s of the last century developed phytomeliorative crop rotations. The article considers the effect of grassing phytomeliorative crop rotations with a mixture of brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and alfalfa (Medicago varia Mart.) on the microflora of meadow solonetzes (hydromorphic) (Gleyic Solonetz Albic) (for 13 years). It is shown that post-rotational grassing led to a significant desalinization of the upper soil horizon and a decrease in its alkalinity, as well as to an improvement in the water-air regime of solonetzes. Long-term cultivation of fodder crop rotations and subsequent grassing formed a specific soil microbiome, characterized by taxonomic diversity of microorganisms and a greater proportion of copiotrophs in the dominant phyla, which indirectly indicates an increase in the carbon content and nitrogen available to plants in the phytomeliorated solonetz.

In the modern era of urbanization, air pollution is becoming a significant cause of changes in the health of the population. The contribution of the complex of atmospheric pollutants to the state of the urban environment can be assessed by the bioindication method. In the article, this is done using the fluctuating asymmetry of the leaf blades of the silver birch on the example of the one and a half million city of Novosibirsk and a rural settlement located 50 km away. Novosibirsk is an industrial center and has a high transport and logistics significance. Bioindication data testify to the critical state of its environment in places of high transport load and industrial congestion and to a significant deviation from the norm when moving away from the park zone. This requires the development of additional measures aimed at minimizing the impact of environmental risks on the population.

In the article, the authors presented those enticing actual herbicidal treatments (the active ingredient is cloquintocet-mexyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl), spring-summer and summer droughts, are stress factors for the development of early-ripening soybean varieties and zoned pea varieties in the forest-steppe of the Priobye region. They limit the realization of the biological yield potential of soybeans and reduce the coarseness of pea grains and their total protein. Use with the herbicide of humic preparation from leonardite Cytogumat at a rate of 0.4 l/ha relieves physiological stress on soybean plants, providing a rapid increase in biomass and grain yield of 4.2-5.5 c/ ha, or 19%. Furthermore, the humic product in a single year can increase the duration of soybean vegetation by 3-4 days and the height of lower bean attachment by 24%. The authors analyze the stress resistance to the anti-cereal herbicide of 5 varieties of peas. They also found that the varieties Altaysky Usatiy and Novosibirets mediumresistant, Yamal, and Astronaut are sensitive to the herbicide. The application of Cytogumat in susceptible varieties increased green mass by 30.1% and 24.0%, grain yield by 10.5-12.0%, weight of 1000 grains by 7.1-7.4%, and total protein. In moderately resistant varieties, the reaction to Cytogumat was less pronounced and was accompanied by an increase in yield by 8–10%, grain size by 5–5.4%, and protein content by 1.9%. The Yamalsky pea variety in the Ob River region proved to be tolerant to stress, and it is inexpedient to use Cytogumat on it.

The results of joint application of the biopreparation Sternifag, SP based on the fungus Trichoderma harzianum and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN-32) on spring wheat cultivated using the No-till technology in the northern forest-steppe of the Priobie region are presented. This zone is characterized by a short growing season and a mean annual moisture coefficient of 1.04–1.08. Under such conditions, No-till, or direct seeding, technology can minimize the cost of grain production. When growing crops according to this technology in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe, the sowing dates are postponed, which actualizes the use of biopreparation to accelerate the mineralization of straw residues. In production and stationary experiments on leached chernozem, the joint application of Sternifag and nitrogen fertilizer in autumn of the previous year activated decomposition of plant residues on second wheat by 33.0–49.0%. Application of the biopreparation together with UAN-32 allowed to obtain in the years of research additional 1 ha 1.5 and 0.96 tons of spring wheat grain (43.7–44.4%) due to an increase in the weight of 1000 grains, ear fineness and better preservation of plants for harvesting. Application of biopreparation Sternifag and UAN-32 on spring wheat grown on the basis of No-till technology in the northern forest-steppe of Priobie is economically beneficial. It is accompanied by an increase in profit by 2.0–2.4 times and an increase in the level of profitability of grain production by 27.0–36.0%. Effectiveness of cultivation of the crop on the background of liquid nitrogen fertilizer UAN-32 is lower. In this variant, grain productivity of spring wheat relative to the control increased in 2018, characterized by high humidity, by 1.1 t/ha, in 2020, characterized by June drought, by 0.74 t/ha. The level of profitability of grain production at application of UAN-32 is higher than in the control by 15.0–17.2%.

In the article, the authors showed the effectiveness of bacterization of winter barley variety Basalt with a complex microbial preparation BakSib. The authors used a semi-dry method of seed treatment (10 l/t of working solution) and a single treatment of vegetative plants on the southern chernozem together with chemical pesticides and without them. After treatment with the drug was observed: 1) a decrease in the number of microscopic fungi in the soil up to 3 times in the tillering phase and by 21% in the full ripeness phase in comparison with the control; 2) an increase in the number of ammonifiers from 44 to 81.4%; 3) an increase in the number of bacteria that assimilate mineral nitrogen from 79 to 116%. The authors revealed the stimulating effect of BakSib on the height of barley plants in all growth phases by 7.9–13.3% compared to the control. The yield of barley increased to 9%, and the number of grains per ear increased by 9.6% compared to the control and by 6.4% when comparing the full technology of plant protection of the farm and additional bacterization with BakSib. The authors also determined the compatibility of BakSib with the insecticide Clothianidin Pro (clothianidin 350 g/l) and the fungicide Sphinx (tebuconazole 60 g/l) for seed dressing. During the study, the authors found that under the action of chemical protectants, the initial titer of the biological product (1010–1012 cells) is reduced by 3-4 times. The maximum decrease noted for individual groups of Baksiba microorganisms is two orders of magnitude. The drug contributed to a prolonged increase in copiotrophic bacteria in the southern chernozem and replenishment of its nitrogen fund during the heading period, which is important for grain productivity due to increased mineralization of organic residues in the soil.

The article presents the results of a five-year study of plant-microbe interactions in a small medium sodium solonetz. The research was carried out in the Barabinsk lowland of Siberia, where Bromus inermis was cultivated for 33 years in the fodder crop rotation. Its phytomelioration effect was reflected in soil desalinization which was proved by decrease of EC in 0-20 cm layer by 11.3 times, decrease of its oligotrophy by 6.3 times, replenishment of solonetz nitrogen fund and intensification of microbiological processes of humus accumulation. The taxonomic structure of microbiome under the crop rotation impact with B. inermis altered towards increasing the representation of genera from alpha-, beta- and delta-proteobacteria classes, functionally associated with the improvement of soil fertility, Gemmatimonadetes as a dryness indicator and reducing the Acidobacteria groups Gp4 and Gp6, associated with the pH control.

The authors studied the effect of the bacterial-humic preparation AFG-b containing the spore-forming bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in a production experiment in the northern forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Priob’ye region. The preparation was used on midearly spring wheat, which forms grain at the level of valuable wheat. The drug was used as an antistressant together with herbicides against dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants. The tank mixture used was metsulfuron-methyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl with the antidote cloquintoset-mexyl and 2-ethyl hexyl ester of 2,4-D with florasulam. The bacterial-humic preparation AFG-b is known to level out herbicide stress in wheat and improve plant health. It improves the condition of leaf cell membranes by preventing the escape of electrolytes from the cells. On the roots of plants one month after applying the antistressant, the authors observed a 1.5-2 times reduction in the development and prevalence of root rot of fusarium-helminthosporiosis etiology. The authors also marked the most pronounced phytosanitary effect of the preparation’s bacteria, which are antagonists of phytopatho- gens for plants’ primary roots and epicotyl. An increase in plant productivity manifests the anti-stress and growth-stimulating effect of AFG-b. During the growing season of 2020, the bio preparation combined with herbicides provided a reliable increase of 40.2% of the grain of spring wheat and improved its quality by enhancing the protein and gluten content. Under 2019 conditions, AFG-b increased grain yield relative to herbicides by about 8% and did not affect grain quality. Application of AFG-b as an anti-stressant is not accompanied by improvement of seed quality of the new crop. It does not improve its phytosanitary status in infestation by phytopathogens Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium sp., Alternaria, Stagonospora nodorum, Penicillium and Aspergillus relative to herbicides alone.

Efficiency of application of various forms of nitrogen fertilizers on crops of spring wheat Novosibirsk 31 is shown. During the growing season the main phenological observations were made. In the phase of the beginning of milk ripeness of wheat defined a number of indicators related to plant productivity: the number of productive stems per unit area, plant height. In the ripening phase, the elements of the crop structure were studied: the number of productive stems, the number of spikelets in the ear, the number of grains in the ear, the mass of 1000 grains. Economic efficiency of cultivation of culture is calculated.