Arterial hypertension is the most common and socially significant disease among the adult population, which is associated with the development of cardiovascular and other complications during non-cardiac surgery. In 2020, the all-Russian public organization Federation of Anesthesiologists and Intensive Care Specialists developed recommendations for the perioperative management of patients with concomitant hypertension, which have no analogues in the world literature. In the second edition, from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine, the section of preoperative assessment was expanded by substantiating functional tests and instruments for stratification of cardiac risk, the tactics of antihypertensive therapy in the perioperative period were clarified, safe target thresholds of blood pressure during anesthesia were reasoned, including the variability and duration of this indicator. The recommendations are intended for anesthesiologists and intensive care specialists, but they will also be useful for students, clinical residents, graduate students and doctors of all surgical specialties.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ МЕТОДОВ ОЦЕНКИ ЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПЕРИФЕРИЧЕСКОГО ХЕМОРЕФЛЕКСАТрембач Н.В. 1 , Трембач И.А. 1 , Вейлер Р.В. 1 , Мусаева Т.С. 1 , Федунец Д

ВЛИЯНИЕ ДЛИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПРОИЗВОЛЬНОГО ПОРОГОВОГО АПНОЭ НА ТЕЧЕНИЕ АНЕСТЕЗИИ ПРИ ОБШИРНЫХ АБДОМИНАЛЬНЫХ ОПЕРАЦИЯХ

АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ: Оценка риска и выделение группы пациентов с высокой вероятностью развития неблагоприятного исхода — основа эффективной профилактики послеоперационных неблагоприятных событий. ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: определить структуру и частоту сопутствующих заболеваний в предоперационный период и ассоциированные с ними неблагоприятные послеоперационные исходы. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Проведен анализ показателей 8241 пациента базы STOPRISK, оперированных на органах брюшной полости и малого таза за период с 1 июля 2019 г. по 30 апреля 2022 г. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Сопутствующие заболевания встречались у 4638 пациентов (56,3 %), при этом одно заболевание наблюдали у 1872 пациентов (22,7 %), сочетание двух заболеваний — у 1383 пациентов (16,8 %), трех заболеваний — у 814 пациентов (9,9 %), четырех заболеваний — у 395 пациентов (4,8 %), более 4 — у 170 пациентов (2,0 %). Наиболее часто встречались гипертоническая болезнь — 48,2 %, хроническая сердечная недостаточность (20,7 %), ишемическая болезнь сердца (19,3 %). Наличие одного осложнения и более зафиксировано у 285 пациентов (3,5 %), летальный исход — у 36 пациентов (0,43 %). У 74,0 % пациентов наблюдали единственное осложнение, у 14,0 % — сочетание двух осложнений, у 12,0 % — сочетание трех осложнений и более. В структуре осложнений преобладали парез кишечника (25,57 %), пневмония (12,1 %), раневая инфекция (12,1 %). Как летальность, так и частота осложнений росли с увеличением количества сопутствующих заболеваний. ВЫВОДЫ: Наиболее частые сопутствующие заболевания в абдоминальной хирургии — гипертоническая болезнь, хроническая сердечная недостаточность, ишемическая болезнь сердца, сахарный диабет и нарушение сердечного ритма. Частота послеоперационных осложнений составила 3,5 %, летальность — 0,43 %; при этом наиболее частыми осложнениями были парез кишечника, раневая инфекция и пневмония.

A significant proportion of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery receive therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), which are usually prescribed for treatment of arterial hypertension and CHF. Current guidelines fail to provide clear consensus on whether it is worth discontinuing ACEi/ARBs before non-cardiac surgery. The aim of this research was to assess the contribution of pre-op ACEi/ARBs withdrawal to the development of postoperative complications in patients after abdominal surgery using data from STOPRISK database.Materials and methods. Data of 1945 patients from of the STOPRISK database was used for the analysis. Patients were retrospectively divided into two groups: first group (N=471, 24.2%) included patients subjected to ACEi/ARBs withdrawal 24 hours before surgery, second group (N=1474, 75.8%) included patients continuing on ACEi/ARBs therapy. The 30-day outcomes were analyzed — postoperative complications (acute kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, anastomosis failure, arrhythmias, circulatory arrest, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, postoperative delirium, myocardial infarction, pneumonia, ileus, postoperative bleeding, pulmonary embolism, acute cerebrovascular accident, wound infection) and mortality. We were not evaluating intraoperative and postoperative arterial hypotension and hypertension, we analyzed the use of vasopressors as a surrogate marker. ACEi/ARBs re-initiation after surgery was not evaluated.Results. One or more post-operative complications were documented in 113 patients (5.8%). Only postoperative delirium was more common in patients (1.06% vs. 0.27%, P=0.027) after ACEi/ARBs withdrawal 24 hours before surgery, the difference reached statistical significance. Sub-analysis in the group of patients with arterial hypertension as the only comorbidity showed no statistically significant differences in the outcomes. Sub-analysis in the group of patients with CFH showed higher incidence of postoperative delirium after ACEi/ARBs withdrawal (2.68% vs. 0.6%, P=0.023). The logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of developing postoperative delirium is influenced by age, vasopressor support, and ACEi/ARBs withdrawal (the area under the curve for the model was 0.92 (0.90–0.93).Conclusion. Rates of pre-op ACEi/ARBs withdrawal (24.2%) are consistent with published data. In the entire cohort, ACEi/ARBs withdrawal resulted in higher incidence of postoperative delirium, as well as in the subgroup of patients with CHF, while ACEi/ARBs withdrawal in the subgroup of patients with arterial hypertension had no influence on postop complications.ACEi/ARBs withdrawal, along with hemodynamic instability and older age, contributes to the development of postoperative delirium, which is the subject of future research.

INTRODUCTION: Risk assessment and identification of a group of patients with a high probability of developing an unfavorable outcome is the basis for effective prevention of postoperative adverse events. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to determine the structure and frequency of co-existing diseases in the preoperative period and associated adverse postoperative outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analysis of the parameters of 8,241 patients of the STOPRISK database operated on abdominal and pelvic organs for the period from July 1, 2019 to April 30, 2022 was carried out. RESULTS: Co-existing diseases occurred in 4,638 patients (56.3 %), while one disease was observed in 1,872 patients (22.7 %), a combination of two diseases — in 1,383 patients (16.8 %), three diseases — in 814 patients (9.9 %), four diseases — in 395 patients (4.8 %), and more than 4 — in 170 patients (2.0 %). The most common were arterial hypertension — 48.2 %, chronic heart failure (20.7 %), coronary heart disease (19.3 %). The presence of one or more complications was recorded in 285 patients (3.5 %), fatal outcome — in 36 patients (0.43 %). 74.0 % of patients had a single complication, 14.0 % had a combination of two complications, and 12.0 % had a combination of three or more complications. The structure of complications was dominated by paralytic ileus (25.57 %), pneumonia (12.1 %), wound infection (12.1 %). Both mortality and the frequency of complications increased with an increase in the number of co-existing diseases. CONCLUSIONS: The most common co-existing diseases in abdominal surgery are arterial hypertension, chronic heart failure, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus and cardiac arrhythmia. The frequency of postoperative complications was 3.5 %, mortality was 0.43 %; the most frequent complications were paralytic ileus, wound infection and pneumonia.