Введение. С каждым днем понятие «пациентоориентированная диагностика и лечение» приобретает всю бóльшую актуальность. При этом персонифицированный подход важен как при назначении лекарственной терапии, так и физиотера­певтических процедур. Цель исследования: выявить значение индивидуальной реакции тромбоцитов на гипербарический кислород для персонификации применения гипербарической оксигенации (ГБО). Материалы и методы. В научно-исследовательской лаборатории Центра артериальной гипертензии и кардиореабилитации ГУЗ «Ульяновский областной клинический госпиталь ветеранов войн» в период с 2018 по 2021 гг. проведено проспективное исследование. Oбследовано 100 пациентов в возрасте 64,8 ± 10,9 лет со стабильной ишемической болезнью сердца: 30 женщин в возрасте 70,8 ± 7,6 лет и 70 мужчин в возрасте 60,2 ± 9,4 лет. Группа 1 (n = 70) в возрасте 65,3 ± 9,9 лет, состоявшая из 52 (74,28%) мужчин и 18 (25,72%) женщин, получала стандартную терапию, включающую β-блокаторы, статины, ингибиторы ангиотензинпревращающего фермента и антиагрегант (препарат ацетилсалициловой кислоты, АСК). Группу 2 (n = 30) в возрасте 64,3 ± 9,9 лет составили 18 (74,28%) мужчин и 12 (25,72%) женщин с низкой приверженностью к применению антиагрегантов, которые самостоятельно прекратили прием АСК в последний месяц перед исследованием, но продолжали стандартную терапию. Исследования прово­дили до и после 10‑дневных сеансов ГБО при 1,2 ата в течение 40 мин в одноместной барокамере. Определяли агрегацию тромбоцитов, количество и средний объём тромбоцитов (СОТ), эластические свойства мембраны тромбоцитов, сывороточную концентрацию фосфолипазы А2 (ФЛА2). Результаты. Морфометрический анализ числа тромбоцитов и СОТ не выявил зависимости от наличия или отсутствия антиагрегантной терапии. У пациентов, принимающих АСК, установлено снижение содержания ФЛА2 (р = 0,045) и повышение модуля Юнга (р = 0,019) после курса ГБО, что свидетельствовало о повышении жесткости мембраны тромбоцитов. Также отмечена разнонаправленность эффекта ГБО в зависимости от пола: у мужчин, не принимающих АСК, отмечено значимое снижение уровня ФЛА2; у женщин на фоне приема АСК показано увеличение жесткости мембраны тромбоцитов. Заключение. В ходе исследования выявлена разнонаправленность ответа тромбоцитов на действие гипербарического кислорода, ассоциированная с наличием или отсутствием приема антиагреганта. Background. Every day the concept of patient-oriented diagnostics and treatment becomes more and more relevant. At the same time, a personalized approach is important both in prescribing drug therapy and physiotherapy procedures. Objective: to reveal the significance of the individual platelet reaction to hyperbaric oxygen for the personification of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO). Patients/Methods. From 2018 to 2021 a prospective study was conducted in the Center for Arterial Hypertension and Cardiorehabilitation (Ulyanovsk Regional Clinical Hospital for War Veterans): 100 patients aged 64.8 ± 10.9 years with stable ischemic heart disease were examined – 30 women aged 70.8 ± 7.6 years and 70 men aged 60.2 ± 9.4 years. Group 1 (n = 70) at the age of 65.3 ± 9.9 years, consisting of 52 (74.28%) men and 18 (25.72%) women, received standard therapy, including β-blockers, statins, inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme and antiaggregant agent (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA). Group 2 (n = 30) at the age of 64.3 ± 9.9 years consisted of 18 (74.28%) men and 12 (25.72%) women with low adherence to antiaggregant therapy, who indepen­dently stopped taking ASA in the last month before the study, but continued standard therapy. The studies were carried out before and after 10‑day sessions of HBO at 1.2 atm for 40 min in a single pressure chamber. Platelet aggregation, number and average platelet volume (APV), elastic properties of the platelet membrane, serum concentration of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) were determined. Results. Morphometric analysis of platelet number and APV did not reveal any dependence on the presence or absence of antiaggregant therapy. In patients taking ASA, a decrease in PLA2 content (p = 0.045) and an increase in Young’s modulus (p = 0.019) after HBO course were found, that indicated the increasing of platelet membrane rigidity. Also, a multidirectional HBO effect was noted depending on gender: in men who do not take ASA, a significant decrease of PLA2 level was revealed; in women taking ASA, an increase in platelet membrane rigidity was found. Conclusions. The study revealed a multidirectional response of platelets to hyperbaric oxygen, associated with the presence or absence of antiaggregant therapy.

Background. In modern microelectronics, silicon remains the main material in the production of semiconductor devices and integrated microcircuits. This is largely due to the physicochemical properties of silicon oxide - SiO2, which determines a wide range of its application as an universal dielectric. Due to the possibility of forming porous layers, silicon is also a promising material for the creation of lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells, etc. One of the main methods for preparing silicon for such purposes is the method of electrochemical anodic etching. The patterns of coatings formation by this method are largely determined by the modes of anodic treatment and the microstructure of the treated surface. Materials and methods. To analyze the growth features of anodic oxide films, we used n-type Si single crystal samples. Distilled water was used as an electrolyte. To obtain a higher concentration of defects in the surface layer of silicon, some of the samples were subjected to isothermal annealing at a temperature of 900 °C for 90 min under 4 reference loads of ~ 4.8 N. The analysis of the surface topology of oxide films was carried out by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results. It is shown that as a result of anodic treatment, the silicon surface is covered with a nanostructured oxide film. The surface of the film is presented in the form of islands, with a base size of ~ 180-600 nm and a height of ~ 25-80 nm. The nonplanar nature of the oxide layer is associated with the formation of oxide islands at electrical active sites, namely, the emergence of dislocations on the surface. The similar nature of the growth of the passivating layer on silicon opens up the possibility of a simple controlled growth of structured thin films both by changing the defectiveness of the substrate and the composition of the electrolyte used for anodizing. Conclusions. Thus, we have investigated the morphology of silicon oxide formed by electrochemical anodic oxidation. It was shown by AFM that the film is not planar and is covered with many oxide islands. Moreover, the formation of islands occurs in the places where dislocations emerge on the surface, which is confirmed by the data of analysis of samples with different dislocation densities. The observed kinetics of silicon oxide growth opens up the possibility of forming nanostructured layers with controlled morphology. The defect-selective dissolution of the Si substrate discovered in this work upon changing the working solution (for example, based on HF) can also lead to the formation of macroporous silicon, which remains a promising and actively studied material for electrodes of lithium-ion batteries.

The important advantage of atomic force microscopy (AFM) is the low power requirements for the studied objects, which allows studying living cells without fixation and with high resolution. It was proposed to use AFM to determine the morphometric and elastic-mechanical characteristics of the marker specie Bacillus subtilis isolated from the rhizosphere of the Cucurbita pepo L. crop in different vegetative phase of plant development. These characteristics of the microorganism are indicators of their functional activity and resistance to the action of biotic and abiotic environmental factors. It was shown that some parameters (length, width and height, elastic modulus, and the root mean square roughness) of B. subtilis isolated at different phases of plant growth were stable. So, elastic modulus of the bacilli was equal to 5.9 in plant sprouting phase, 5.8 in the phase of budding, 6.0 in the phase of flowering, 5.7 MPa in the phase of fruiting of the plant. The indicator of the root mean square surface roughness was equal to 37.5 in plant sprouting phase; 35.1 in the phase of budding; 31.8 in the phase of flowering and 40.0 nm in the phase of fruiting of the plant. AFM study of the surface of B. subtilis cells revealed a change of the adhesion force of the studied strains. This indicator was equal to 32.0 and 41.0 nN in plant sprouting and budding phases respectively. And the adhesion force was increasing significantly in the flowering and fruiting phase in comparison to the first phases (73.0 and 69.0 nN, respectively; p < 0.05). The use of atomic force microscopy technology has shown its effectiveness in studying of the stability of the morphometric and elastic-mechanical characteristics of B. subtilis, which are indicators of functional activity of the plant.

The results of the comparative analysis of morphometric and elastic parameters of the fixed lymphocytes from intact and infected with viral immunodeficiency and leukemia cats using atomic force microscopy are presented. It is found that the adhesive properties and the roughness of the cell surface of cats’ lymphocytes with FeLV and FeLV - FIV infection are reduced by 27 – 45 % and 19 – 32 %, respectively. These indicators in the lymphocytes of FIV infected cats did not significantly differ from the intact cats’ lymphocytes. An increase in the Young’s modulus of lymphocytes in cats with retroviral infection of 9 - 16 % compared to the control has been shown. It is found that lymphocytes from cats with retroviral infection are characterized by a decrease in volume at 36 - 77 % compared to the control cats’ lymphocytes. Intact animals’ lymphocytes have a domed shape, whereas infected cats’ cells have a greater perimeter and length with reduced height. Peculiarities of blood lymphocytes in FIV, FeLV and FeLV - FIV infected cats can be important in the study of immunological mechanisms in the retrovirus pathogenesis.

Experimental results of the formation of a periodic submicron structure on the surface of polycrystalline nickel (Ni) under laser irradiation in air and in a liquid medium (distilled water) are presented. The geometry of the formed surface structures is determined by electron-microscopy methods. When irradiated in air, the structure is formed above the base surface of the sample, and when irradiated in the liquid, it is formed below the base surface. The dimensions of the pure Ni nanoparticles formed during laser ablation of the nickel sample in the liquid were determined.

We report on fabrication of an aluminum matrix composite containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) produced by MOCVD method and functionalized via acid treatment by a H2SO4/HNO3 mixture.Specimens were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) of the aluminum powder with different amounts of functionalized MWCNTs (FMWCNTs) in the range of 0.1-1 wt.%. We studied the effect of FMWCNTs amount on microstructure and mechanical properties of composites. It is shown that functionalization allows homogeneous dispersing of the MWCNTs in Al powder. The maximal increase in micro-hardness and tensile strength is registered at 0.1 wt.%. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

We investigate modification of the 9XC tool steel surface by femtosecond laser pulses with a high (1 MHz) repetition rate and peak power. For the p-polarized incident radiation, we established rounding of discontinuous linear microstructures that double with increasing angle of misorientation with the polarization vector.

Nanomechanical properties of biological membranes have been studied using atomic force microscopy in terms of bacterial cells Bacillus subtilis at different stages of cultivation. It has been established that, during the cultivation of bacillus (for 10 h), there was an increase in the elasticity of biomembrane; at further incubation (24 h), a decrease in this parameter was observed. In 18 h of cultivation, an increase in adhesion activity of membrane of bacteria was observed, which was replaced by decreasing the adhesion force after daily cultivation. The aging of the bacterial culture was accompanied by an increase in the roughness of bacterial cells, the formation of folds on the surface of membranes, and an increase in their sizes.