伴随着时代的发展，素养教育已日渐融入到原有的教育课程中，学与教的方式也随之发生变革，引导教学逐渐趋向以学生为中心，以促进学生自主学习，基于问题或基于项目学习 为目 的 开 展 教学 设计 [1] 。构思-设计-实施-运作（conceiving-designingimplementing-operating,CDIO）这种工程教育模式最早是由美国麻省理工及瑞典的3所大学共同创设的一种先进教育理念，引导学生以主动、实践的方式进行学习，通过“以学生为主题”、“做中学”、

目的本实验选取淮山药、薏米、蒲公英、酸枣仁4种日常生活常见的食物,也是中药,研究其对小鼠的免疫调控作用。方法分别设计为空白组、模型组药、淮山药组（5.0g/kg）、薏米组（5.0g/kg）、蒲公英组（5.0g/kg）、酸枣仁组（5.0g/kg）。除正常组和模型组灌喂0.9%生理盐水外,其余各组每天灌喂1次相应受试药物,连续14天。给药第4天起,除正常组,其余隔3天注射1次环磷酰胺建立免疫抑制模型。测定增重率与免疫器官脏器指数、血清溶血素、免疫球蛋白、血清IL-12、IFN-γ、脾淋巴细胞增殖以及吞噬等各项指标。结果与模型组相比,4种中药各项指标均有不同程度的提高。淮山药在脾脏指数、细胞免疫、吞噬等调节作用中均为相对最佳;而薏米在体液免疫的促进溶血素和多种免疫细胞因子分泌中也有相对最好效果;蒲公英能最显著提高IgG含量（P＜0.05）,超过了正常水平;酸枣仁在提高胸腺指数作用最强（P＜0.05）,但未恢复到正常水平。结论 4种不同的中药都能增强免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能,具有开发临床免疫调节产品的潜力。

Objective To study the bone stress change after implanting two different interbody fusion cages at L4-5 intervertebral body, and to provide the parameters for clinical use and cage design. Methods The specimens were obtained from healthy 8-month-old adult male calves. We used them to simulate disc herniation anteriorly at L4-5 intervertebral space. These specimens were randomly divided into two groups: a wedge-shaped fusion group and a cylindrical fusion group. The resistance strains were bonded to the relevant parts of the specimens, and then wires were welded and locations were marked. Subsequently, bending momen?tum (200N-CM) was applied and the strain value was measured at each moment. Finally, the data were analysed by SPSS 19 software, and the difference between the two groups were compared using paired t test. Results The maximum strain is was located at L5 anterior margin (A measurement), which was mainly due to slotting at the L4-5 vertebra clearance for interbody fusion cage implantation, and closing to the implanting site. The mini?mum strain was located at the L4 vertebral articular process (F measurement), which was due to being far away from the implanting site. The values of left bending of F measurement were 217.25±13.87 με×10-6 (wedge bone group) and 286.25 ± 4.86 με× 10-6 (cylindrical bone group) respectively, and the values of lateral bending are were-253.75 ± 6.08 με× 10-6 (wedge bone group) and-305.75 ± 8.02 με× 10-6 (cylindrical bone). Conclusion A larger stress change occurred at L5 anterior margin under the lateral bending stress after implantation of inter?vertebral fusion device. The stress change of wedge-shaped fusion group is less than that of the cylindrical fu?sion group.

Objective To explore the expression of MMPs-related molecular interaction network in gastric cancer tissues.Methods 10 pairs of gastric cancer and their corresponding para-carcinoma tissues were analyzed with microar-ray for screening of the differentially expressed genes,then constructed the differentially expressed MMPs-related mo-lecular interaction network in gastric cancer tissues by integrating the information from BioGRID databases and the mi-croarray results.Results 1 8 genes in the MMPs-related molecular interaction network (also including several MMPs members)were up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues,the main biological processes and pathways that they participated in were closely related with cancer invasion and metastasis progression.Conclusion The combination of high-through-put genomics,bioinformatic databases and analytical tools is necessary for the analysis of cancer-related molecular inter-action network,which will provide more comprehensive molecular mechanisms for the future research.