Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) significantly reduce quality of life and increase a cost of disease treatment. Apart from antibiotics and bronchodilators, mucolytic agents play an important role in treatment and prevention of AECOPD. A literature review showed that erdosteine has significant antioxidant, antiadhesive, antiinflammatory and mucoregulatory properties and could effect clinical signs and symptoms of COPD. Use of erdosteine in patients with AECOPD could reduce durations of AECOPD, hospitalizations due to AECOPD and work-off periods.