The third article in a series of publications devoted to the results of studying the current radiation situation in the territories of the Bryansk region bordering the Republic of Belarus presents results of studies of the content of radionuclides (137Cs and 90Sr) in samples of agricultural food products produced in the personal subsidiary plots of the population. The regularities of changing 137Cs and 90Sr content in samples of cow’s milk and potatoes depending on the level of radioactive contamination of the territory were studied; the present values of the quantities characterizing the distribution of the ratio of the activity concentration of radionuclides in agricultural food products to the density of radioactive contamination of the soil of the territory were deter -mined. The ratios of average values of 137Cs activity concentration in milk from stalled and grazing periods for cattle were analyzed. The results of the study show that some dairy product samples (less than 1%) do not meet the radiological safety criterion. Exceedances of the hygienic standards were not found in the studied samples of potatoes, vegetables, and meat of farm animals.

The article presents the analysis of the structure of computed tomography diagnostics according to the forms of the federal state statistical observation (radiation-hygienic passports in 2011–2021, forms № 3-DOZ in 2011-2021 and forms № 30 in 2014–2020) in order to assess the status of CT diagnostics in the Russian Federation and identify the main trends in the development of this type of radiation diagnostics and patient doses. In 2011–2021, there was a sharp development of CT diagnostics in the Russian Federation – an increase in the number of CT examinations per 1000 people (up to a factor of 5.9 – from 32 CT examinations per 1000 people to 189 CT examinations per 1000 people) and the contribution of CT in the collective dose from medical diagnostic exposure (3 times from 26% to 77%). The number of CT examinations per 1 CT device from 2014 to 2019 increased by 2 thousand (52%), and in 2020 by another 1.85 thousand (32% compared to 2019) and reached 7.7 thousand. The increase in the number of CT examinations was mainly due to the increased use of CT equipment. The main contribution to the structure and collective dose of computed tomography in 2021 is made by examinations of chest (58%/65%), abdomen (8%/14%), pelvis and hips (3%/4%), skull and maxillofacial area (18%/7%). In 2011-2021 for chest CT examinations, the average effective dose was in the range from 4.2 to 5.9 mSv per examination, for abdomen – from 6.5 to 9.2 mSv, for pelvis and hips – 5 to 6.7 mSv, for skull and maxillofacial area – 1.5 to 2.4 mSv. The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021 caused a change in the structure of CT examinations and collective dose in the Russian Federation – the chest CT examinations occupied the first place of the contribution to the number of examinations and the collective dose. The number of CT examinations per 1000 people and the contribution of CT to the collective dose from medical diagnostic exposure in the Russian Federation were significantly lower than those in foreign countries (up to a factor of 3.5 in the number of CT examinations per 1000 people and up to a factor of 1.6 of the contribution of CT to the collective dose).

The paper presents results of analysis of information on doses from medical exposure of the public in the Russian Federation in 2022, submitted via Federal Statistical Surveillance Form No. 3-DOZ “Information on doses to patients from medical X-ray examinations” to the Federal Databank on medical exposure doses, which operates on the base of Institute of Radiation Hygiene after P.V. Ramzaev, as well as received as part of radiation-hygienic passportization from the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, and the Federal Service for the Execution of Punishments of the Russian Federation. The data on the structure of doses from medical exposure of the public in the regions of the Russian Federation and Russia as a whole in 2022, as well as on the dynamics of these indicators for the last 5 years are presented. The average dose from medical exposure of the public of the Russian Federation in 2022 amounted to 0.86 mSv/year per one inhabitant and 0.43 mSv per one procedure. The highest values of the average dose per inhabitant in 2022 were in Moscow (1.71 mSv), in the Republic of Karelia (1.5 mSv), in the Nenetsk Autonomous District (1.32 mSv), in the Khabarovsk Krai (1.26 mSv), in the Murmansk Region (1.23 mSv) and in the Magadan region (1.20 mSv). In another 15 regions of the Russian Federation, annual effective doses from medical radiation exposure exceeded 1 mSv per inhabitant on average in 2022. The highest values of the average dose per procedure in 2022 were observed in the Republic of Adygea (0.96 mSv), in Moscow (0.74 mSv) and in the Republic of Ingushetia (0.73 mSv). The highest values of average doses were observed: for fluorography in the Republics of North Ossetia (0.18 mSv), Crimea (0.18 mSv) and Adygea (0.15 mSv), with an average value for the Russian Federation being 0.05 mSv; for radiography in the Kaliningrad (0.11 mSv) and Tver (0.11 mSv) regions, with the average value for the Russian Federation being 0.06 mSv; for fluoroscopy in Sevastopol (7.59 mSv), in the Udmurt Republic (5.97 mSv) and in the Republic of Crimea (5.75 mSv), with the average value for the Russian Federation being 2.35 mSv; for computer tomography in the Nenetsk Autonomous District (6.25 mSv), in the Republics of Karelia (5.92 mSv) and Adygea (5.43 mSv), with the average value for the Russian Federation being 3.86 mSv; for interventional examinations in the Omsk Region (16.5 mSv), in the Republic of Karelia (16.4 mSv) and in the Vladimir Region (13.7 mSv), with the average value for the Russian Federation being 4.89 mSv; for diagnostic nuclear medicine in the Vladimir region (30.1 mSv), Ivanovo region (23.2 mSv) and Rostov region (19.5 mSv), with the average value for the Russian Federation being 8.07 mSv; for other radiology procedures in the Republic of Bashkortostan (8.53 mSv), Nizhny Novgorod (7.90 mSv) and Vologda (7.40 mSv) regions, with the average value for the Russian Federation being 1.04 mSv. The maximum average dose from medical exposure per procedure exceeds the average for the Russian Federation by a factor of 2.2, and per inhabitant – by a factor of 2, which can be considered quite a satisfactory result considering the significant difference in the structure of their X-ray diagnostics.

The form of federal governmental statistical surveillance № 3-DOZ, titled Data on patient doses from medical X-ray examinations, has changed significantly by the order of Rosstat N 880. In particular, the structure of the forms has been revised: studies involving high doses were dedicated from the rest; the section on radionuclide diagnostics has been redesigned; the information on the levels of patient exposure when using individual radionuclides and in hybrid studies have been displayed; information on the number of radiological studies and collective doses for pediatric patients have been introduced; and the number of studies for which typical (average) effective doses of patients are presented has been reduced. The structure of the updated form № 3-DOZ is presented within the framework of this work. In this article, recommendations for filling out № 3-DOZ have been developed in order to increase the reliability of the data provided and reduce the number of procedural errors. This work is a continuation of the article Vodovatov A.V., Chipiga L.A., Bratilova A.A., Druzhinina P.S., Shatskiy I.G., Petryakova A.V., Sarycheva S.S., Biblin A.M., Akhmatdinov R.R., Kapyrina Yu.N., Soldatov I.V., Puzyrev V.G., and Ryzhov S.A. Update of the federal governmental statistical surveillance form № 3-DOZ Data on patient doses from medical X-ray examinations. Perquisites for the update, published in the journal Radiatsionnaya Gygiena (2023. Vol. 16, N 2. P. 126136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21514/1998-426X-2023-16-2-126-136).

This study presents results of radiation-hygienic surveys of the Bryansk Oblast settlements bordering the Republic of Belarus. The data were obtained in the course of implementation of measures of the “Program of joint activities of Russia and Belarus within the framework of the Union State for the protection of the population and rehabilitation of the territories affected by the Chernobyl NPP accident” in 2019–2022. The second part of the study presents structure of population’s food preferences (diet). A general description of the diets of residents is given and the main types of local food products at the present stage of the radiation accident are identified. The current levels of consumption of locally produced food (and products of local origin) by residents of different age categories have been assessed. The obtained results of assessing the levels of food consumption have been compared with our own results of earlier studies and with the results of studies on the population of Russia and Belarus. Similarly with previous years, among agricultural food products the most consumed products are milk and potatoes and among natural food products are mushrooms. The established levels of consumption of local dairy products and beef have decreased over the past ten years and the resident consumptions of mushrooms and potatoes are in the same levels as before.

This study is focused on the description of management of data on the exposure of the Russian population for the State report on the evaluation of sanitary-epidemiological well-being of public in the Russian Federation, that was presented by the Federal service of surveillance on consumer rights protection and human wellbeing . It is shown that the mains sources of data on the radiation situation and public exposure are system of social-hygienic monitoring , Joint state system of control and accounting of public doses ; and radiationhygienic passportization , functioning under the control of Rospotrebnadzor facilities .

This study presents results of radiation-hygienic surveys of the Bryansk Oblast settlements bordering the Republic of Belarus. The data were obtained in the course of implementation of measures of the “Program of joint activities of Russia and Belarus within the framework of the Union State for the protection of the population and rehabilitation of the territories affected by the Chernobyl NPP accident” in 2019–2022. The first part of the study presents a general characteristic of the current state of the problem of returning the residents of radioactively contaminated territories to normal living conditions and provides information on the settlements of the surveyed region. The modern demographic composition of the population is considered; the structure of private subsidiary plots is investigated. The results described in this part of the study indicate the main ways, which are relevant for the formation of the internal exposure dose of the public at the current stage of the radiation accident.

Method of in situ gamma-ray spectrometry was used to discriminate contributions of 137Cs and natural radionuclides to ambient dose equivalent rate indoors in settlements located in the zones of radioactive contamination after the Chernobyl accident. The measurements using a portable scintillation gamma spectrometer-dosimeter were carried out in 115 individual one-story residential buildings in 46 settlements of the Bryansk region of Russia in the summer period of 2020–2021. According to official data, the average density of soil contamination with 137Cs in the settlements ranged from 27 to 533 kBq/m2. Based on the type of building materials that had been used to construct the walls, the surveyed houses were divided into three large groups: wooden (walls made of logs) – 51 buildings, stone (walls built of bricks and/or concrete panels) – 34 buildings, and frame-panel – 30 buildings. The latter had walls constructed of wooden panels with the inclusion of heat-insulating material. Outside, the walls of the frame-panel houses were lined with a layer of silicate (white) bricks. 70 houses were built before the accident and 37 – after the accident. In eight cases it was not possible to reliably estimate the period of construction. The total ambient dose equivalent rate ranged from 42 to 228 nSv/h (average = 77 nSv/h). The values of the ambient dose equivalent rate from natural radionuclides were in the range 27–122 nSv/h. The average values of the ambient dose equivalent rate from natural radionuclides in the groups of wooden, frame-panel, and stone houses were 42, 42 and 58 nSv/h, respectively. The difference between stone houses and panel houses was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The same difference was found between stone houses and wooden houses (P < 0.01). The average values of the ambient dose equivalent rate from 137Cs, normalized to the density of soil contamination with 137Cs, were 0.13, 0.16, and 0.05 (nSv/h)/(kBq/m2) in wooden, frame-panel, and stone houses, respectively. The normalized ambient dose equivalent rates from 137Cs in the group of stone houses were statistically significantly (P < 0.01) lower compared to the corresponding values for the groups of wooden houses and frame-panel houses. The small differences between frame-panel and wooden houses turned out to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). The median and mean values of the normalized ambient dose equivalent rate from 137Cs for houses built before the accident were lower compared to those for houses built after the accident. These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01) for all groups of houses. The mean values of the normalized ambient dose equivalent rate from 137Cs and the ambient dose equivalent rate from natural radionuclides obtained in this study can be used to estimate the external effective dose to a person staying inside a one-story residential building. In this case, one should take into account not only the type of building materials used to construct the house, but also the time period of the construction: before or after the Chernobyl accident.

During a stay in a radioactively contaminated forest, a person is inevitably exposed to ionizing radiation from the man-made radionuclides. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the external component of the annual effective dose due to exposure in the forests contaminated following the Chernobyl accident. The study was conducted in the south-western districts of the Bryansk region of Russia in the period 2015–2021. Field (in situ) gamma spectrometric measurements were carried out on 46 forest plots located in the areas of 27 settlements. As of 01.01.2017, the officially established values of soil contamination density with 137Cs in the territory of the settlements themselves were in the range from 33 to 2050 kBq/m2 . According to the field gamma spectrometry, the density of soil contamination with 137Cs on the forest plots varied from 21 to 1930 kBq/m2 . The density of soil contamination with 137Cs in forest was in good agreement with the officially established level of soil contamination with 137Cs in the nearby settlement: the ratio of one indicator to another ranged from 0.70 to 1.32 (mean = 0.94; median = 0.95). The scatter in the measured values of the ambient dose equivalent rate from 137Cs was quite significant: more than one order of magnitude, from 31 to 2700 nSv/h. The variability of the ambient dose equivalent rate from natural radionuclides was relatively small: from 13 to 29 nSv/h. Based on the obtained experimental data and on published values of the duration of human stay in forest, the annual effective dose to selected groups of population was estimated. The dose from natural radionuclides, even in the case of a prolonged stay in the forest (1400 hours per year for foresters), did not exceed 0.02 mSv/year. The estimated values of the effective dose from 137Cs varied very widely from 0.001 to 1.9 mSv/year, depending on the selected forest plot and population group. On the whole, the data obtained indicate that the officially established values of the density of soil contamination with 137Cs in a settlement can be directly used in dosimetric models to estimate the component of the effective dose to a person due to his/her staying in the forest which is located in the area of this settlement. The currently recommended conversion coefficient from the density of soil contamination with 137Cs in a settlement to the ambient dose equivalent rate from 137Cs in the nearby forest is 1.28 (nSv/h)/(kBq/m2 ). To estimate the effective dose from natural radionuclides, it is recommended to use the value of the ambient dose equivalent rate equal to 21 nSv/h.

The collection of representative soil samples in the territory of settlements and subsequent measurements of the content of radionuclides in these samples under laboratory conditions (the so-called “ex situ method”) is a generally accepted technology for determining the density of soil contamination with 137 Cs in the populated areas contaminated due to the Chernobyl accident. Recently, as a supplement or alternative to the ex situ method, researchers are developing field (in situ) gamma-spectrometry methods. These methods allow determining the density of soil contamination with 137Cs directly on site, without soil sampling and laboratory analysis. At the same time, the in situ methodology has several limitations, the most important of which is a lack of generally recognized metrological basis for measurements and interpretation of results. Hence, before using a particular technique and measuring device for carrying out large-scale in situ measurements, it is necessary to validate (to assess the suitability) of the selected in situ method using an established ex situ method. The aim of this study was to validate the method for determining the density of 137 Cs soil contamination in kitchen gardens using the MKS AT6101D spectrometer-dosimeter in situ. The method was recently presented by a Russian-Swedish-Belarusian group of researchers in an article published in the Journal of Environmental Radioactivity (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106562). To validate this method, we selected 10 representative kitchen garden plots. The plots were located in six settlements of the Bryansk region in Russia. The territory of the settlements had been heavily contaminated with 137 Cs as a result of the Chernobyl accident: the officially established levels of the density of soil contamination by 137 Cs ranged from 111 to 511 kBq/m 2 in 2017. Field gamma-ray spectra were recorded at a height of 1 m above the ground in the center of kitchen garden plots using the MKS AT6101D device. The measurement duration was in the range of 1207–1801 s (the mean value = 1383 s). Samples of soil in the kitchen gardens were taken layer by layer (with a step of 5 cm) to a depth of 20 cm using a demountable cylindrical sampler. The 137Cs content in each soil layer was determined in the laboratory using a stationary semiconductor gamma spectrometer. The values of the 137Cs contamination density of the sampled soils ranged from 77 to 548 kBq/m 2 . It was found that the results of the ex situ analyzes of soil samples were in a good agreement with the contamination density values obtained with the in situ method. On average, the difference between two methodologies was 7% (a maximum of 20%). The results of the study confirm that the method proposed by the international group is suitable for determining the density of soil contamination by 137Cs in kitchen gardens in remote period after the Chernobyl accident.

The article presents estimates of radiation doses of technogenic exposure to personnel and the public due to the normal operation of radiation facilities, exposure to the public due to natural sources and technogenically altered radiation environment, and medical exposure of patients. The doses values were obtained using the Unified System of Individual Dose Control of the Russian Federation citizens for 2020. The authors have analyzed the data contained in the forms of state statistical observation No. 1-DOZ, No. 2-DOZ, No. 3-DOZ and No. 4-DOZ for 2020 submitted by the organizations and territories, the state sanitary and epidemiological supervision of which was carried out by Rospotrebnadzor and Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia. In the article also were used data obtained within the framework of Radiation-Hygiene Passportization. In 2020, 19 737 organizations dealing with technogenic sources of ionizing radiation submitted forms No. 1-DOZ with the information on the doses to personnel with a total number of 230 318 persons, of which 230 318 persons belonged to the personnel group A and 21 303 persons belonged to the personnel group B. For these groups, the doses were assessed based on results of individual dosimetric control. In 2020, according to Unified System of Individual Dose Control of the Russian Federation citizens data, the average individual annual effective dose of technogenic exposure to the personnel group A was 1.11 mSv, and for the personnel group B it was 0.63 mSv. In 2020, 6 cases of exceeding the average annual effective dose limit (20 mSv) for Group A personnel and 18 cases of exceeding the average annual effective dose limit (5 mSv) for Group B personnel were registered. The total number of X-ray and radiological diagnostic procedures performed in the Russian Federation in 2020 exceeded 275.4 million, or 1.83 procedures per a citizen. The average annual effective dose of medical radiation exposure per one resident of Russia in 2020 was 0.81 mSv, and per procedure – 0.44 mSv. The average annual effective dose of radiation to residents of the Russian Federation from natural sources, according to all measurements for the period from 2001 to 2020, was 3.36 mSv. More than 59% of this dose is associated with the inhalation of radon and its progenies. The average individual annual effective radiation dose to residents the Russian Federation subjects in 2020 ranged from 2.47 mSv (Kamchatka Krai) to 9.06 mSv (Altai Republic) with an average value for the Russian Federation of 4.18 mSv. For eight subjects of the Russian Federation, the average individual annual effective dose to public in 2020 exceeded 5 mSv: the Republics of Buryatia (5.31 mSv), Altai (9.06 mSv), Tyva (6.31 mSv), Magadan (5.07 mSv) and Irkutsk (6.13 mSv) regions, Stavropol (6.31 mSv) and Zabaykalsky (8.19 mSv) krai and the Evreiskaya Autonomous oblast (6.77 mSv).

The collection of representative soil samples in the territory of settlements and subsequent measurements of the content of radionuclides in these samples under laboratory conditions (the so-called “ex situ method”) is a generally accepted technology for determining the density of soil contamination with 137Cs in the populated areas contaminated due to the Chernobyl accident. Recently, as a supplement or alternative to the ex situ method, researchers are developing field (in situ) gamma-spectrometry methods. These methods allow determining the density of soil contamination with 137Cs directly on site, without soil sampling and laboratory analysis. At the same time, the in situ methodology has several limitations, the most important of which is a lack of generally recognized metrological basis for measurements and interpretation of results. Hence, before using a particular technique and measuring device for carrying out large-scale in situ measurements, it is necessary to validate (to assess the suitability) of the selected in situ method using an established ex situ method. The aim of this study was to validate the method for determining the density of 137Cs soil contamination in kitchen gardens using the MKS AT6101D spectrometer-dosimeter in situ. The method was recently presented by a Russian-Swedish-Belarusian group of researchers in an article published in the Journal of Environmental Radioactivity (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106562). To validate this method, we selected 10 representative kitchen garden plots. The plots were located in six settlements of the Bryansk region in Russia. The territory of the settlements had been heavily contaminated with 137Cs as a result of the Chernobyl accident: the officially established levels of the density of soil contamination by 137Cs ranged from 111 to 511 kBq/m2 in 2017. Field gamma-ray spectra were recorded at a height of 1 m above the ground in the center of kitchen garden plots using the MKS AT6101D device. The measurement duration was in the range of 1207–1801 s (the mean value = 1383 s). Samples of soil in the kitchen gardens were taken layer by layer (with a step of 5 cm) to a depth of 20 cm using a demountable cylindrical sampler. The 137Cs content in each soil layer was determined in the laboratory using a stationary semiconductor gamma spectrometer. The values of the 137Cs contamination density of the sampled soils ranged from 77 to 548 kBq/m2. It was found that the results of the ex situ analyzes of soil samples were in a good agreement with the contamination density values obtained with the in situ method. On average, the difference between two methodologies was 7% (a maximum of 20%). The results of the study confirm that the method proposed by the international group is suitable for determining the density of soil contamination by 137Cs in kitchen gardens in remote period after the Chernobyl accident.

The article provides results of application of the field (in situ) gamma spectrometry method for carrying out mass monitoring measurements of ambient dose equivalent rate and soil contamination density with 137Cs in kitchen garden plots located in the zone of radioactive contamination after the Chernobyl accident. In 2020 and 2021, 115 private farmsteads in 46 settlements of the Bryansk region were surveyed. At the time of the survey, the officially established average density of soil contamination with 137Cs in the settlements ranged from 27 to 533 kBq/m2 . The field spectra were measured using a portable scintillation gamma-spectrometer-dosimeter. Results of the field measurements and subsequent calculations of soil contamination density with 137Cs in the kitchen gardens were in good agreement with official data on the average soil contamination density with 137Cs in the surveyed settlements. The mean value of the ratio of the experimental data to the official data was 1.04. Individual values of experimental data deviated from corresponding official values by no more than two times. The use of the gamma spectrometry method in situ made it possible: 1) to determine separately values of the ambient dose equivalent rate from 137Cs and from natural radionuclides in the soil, and 2) to estimate the effective external doses to a person who worked in the kitchen gardens. The measured values of ambient dose equivalent rate varied from 17 to 53 nSv/h (mean ± standard deviation = 35 ± 9 nSv/h) for natural radionuclides and from 8 to 432 nSv/h (mean ± standard deviation = 125 ± 91 nSv/h) for 137Cs. The ambient dose equivalent rate from 137Cs normalized to the soil contamination density with 137Cs in the same kitchen garden was in the range of 0.41–0.84 (nSv/h)/(kBq/m2 ) with a mean value of 0.55 (nSv/h)/(kBq/m2 ). If a person stayed in kitchen garden for 840 hours per year, the estimated effective external doses from natural radionuclides and 137Cs were respectively in the range of 0.008–0.025 mSv/year and 0.004–0.20 mSv/year.

The purpose of the study was to study the patterns of forming average annual and cumulative exposure doses. The subject of the study was the dynamics of the average annual and cumulative doses of the adult population of the Russian Federation after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. Results and conclusions. We estimated the contribution of external and internal exposure doses accumulated during the first year after the disaster into the total doses accumulated in 1986–2016 in the population living in the areas with different levels of 137Cs activity in surface soil. The contribution of the exposure doses received during the first year after the accident into the total doses accumulated in 1986–2016 by the population of the regions with different levels of 137Cs activity in surface soil was more than 30%. The contribution of the internal exposure dose received during the first year after the accident into the total exposure dose accumulated in 1986–2016 by the population exceeded that of the external dose. We predicted the average annual and cumulative exposure doses of the population until the year 2056: in 2016, the actual average annual exposure dose for the population exceeded 1.0 mSv/year only in 19 settlements of the Bryansk Region while by 2056 the number of such settlements would be null. In 2016, the average cumulative exposure dose of the population exceeded 70 mSv in 55 settlements of the Bryansk Region, the maximum being 299 mSv. According to the forecast for the year 2056, the total number of settlements in the Bryansk Region with the average cumulative exposure dose of the population equal to or greater than 70 mSv would approach 92. All these settlements are situated only in the Bryansk Region. The maximum expected value of the average cumulative exposure dose would be 374 mSv. We estimated the contribution of the population exposure dose accumulated in 1986–2016 into the exposure dose accumulated during 70 years (a lifetime dose). The contribution of the average accumulated effective exposure dose for 1986–2016 into the dose predicted for 1986–2056 ranged 86% to 94%. This means that the major part of the lifetime dose has been already accumulated by the locals

The purpose of the study was to study the patterns of forming average annual and cumulative exposure doses. The subject of the study was the dynamics of the average annual and cumulative doses of the adult population of the Russian Federation after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. Results and conclusions. We estimated the contribution of external and internal exposure doses accumulated during the first year after the disaster into the total doses accumulated in 1986-2016 in the population living in the areas with different levels of 137 Cs activity in surface soil. The contribution of the exposure doses received during the first year after the accident into the total doses accumulated in 1986-2016 by the population of the regions with different levels of 137 Cs activity in surface soil was more than 30%. The contribution of the internal exposure dose received during the first year after the accident into the total exposure dose accumulated in 1986-2016 by the population exceeded that of the external dose. We predicted the average annual and cumulative exposure doses of the population until the year 2056: in 2016, the actual average annual exposure dose for the population exceeded 1.0 mSv/year only in 19 settlements of the Bryansk Region while by 2056 the number of such settlements would be null. In 2016, the average cumulative exposure dose of the population exceeded 70 mSv in 55 settlements of the Bryansk Region, the maximum being 299 mSv. According to the forecast for the year 2056, the total number of settlements in the Bryansk Region with the average cumulative exposure dose of the population equal to or greater than 70 mSv would approach 92. All these settlements are situated only in the Bryansk Region. The maximum expected value of the average cumulative exposure dose would be 374 mSv. We estimated the contribution of the population exposure dose accumulated in 1986-2016 into the exposure dose accumulated during 70 years (a lifetime dose). The contribution of the average accumulated effective exposure dose for 1986-2016 into the dose predicted for 19862056 ranged 86% to 94%. This means that the major part of the lifetime dose has been already accumulated by the locals.

The article presents results of the analysis of information on the doses of technogenic exposure of personnel and the population due to the normal operation of radiation facilities, exposure of the population due to natural sources and technogenically altered radiation environment, and medical exposure of patients. The data were obtained using the Unified System of Individual Dose Control of the RF citizens for 2019. The analysis was carried out on the basis of the data contained in the forms of state statistical observation No. 1-DOZ (personnel individual doses), No. 2-DOZ (emergency doses), No. 3-DOZ (patients’ exposure doses) and No. 4-DOZ (population exposure doses from natural and technogenically impacted background) for 2019 submitted by the organizations and territories, the state sanitary and epidemiological supervision of which was carried out by Rospotrebnadzor and FMBA of Russia. The article used data obtained within the framework of Radiation-Hygiene passportization. In 2019, 18430 organizations dealing with technogenic sources of ionizing radiation submitted forms No. 1-DOZ with the information on the doses to personnel with a total number of 247934 people, of which 227723 people belonged to the personnel group A and 20211 person to the personnel group B. For these groups, the doses were assessed based on results of individual dosimetric control. In 2019, according to the Unified System of Individual Dose Control data, the average individual annual effective dose of technogenic exposure to the personnel group A was 1.19 mSv, and for the personnel group B it was 0.64 mSv. The total number of X-ray and radiological diagnostic procedures performed in the Russian Federation in 2019 exceeded 306.5 million, or 2.09 procedures per a citizen. The average annual effective dose of medical radiation exposure per one resident of Russia in 2019 was 0.62 mSv, and per procedure — 0.31 mSv. The submittedforms No. 4-DOZ of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for 2019 contained results of the measurements of dose rate of gamma radiation in 9179 wooden houses, 11,307measurements in low-rise stone houses, 121323 measurements in multi-storey stone houses and 229342 measurements in open areas. These also contained results of 3930 measurements of radon levels in wooden houses, 5071 measurements in low-rise stone houses and 46896 measurements in multi-storey stone houses, as well as the results of 19444 analyses of the levels of natural radionuclides in drinking water. The average annual effective dose of radiation to residents of the Russian Federation from natural sources, according to all measurements for the period from 2001 to 2019, was 3.36 mSv. The article provides Appendices with the final forms of Unified System of Individual Dose Controlfor the Russian Federation for 2019. Data for the forms have been obtained on the basis of summarizing the information contained in the forms of state statistical observation No. 1-DOZ, 3-DOZ and 4-DOZ of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The article presents results of the analysis of information on the doses of technogenic exposure of personnel and the population due to the normal operation of radiation facilities, exposure of the population due to natural sources and technogenically altered radiation environment, and medical exposure of patients. The data were obtained using the Unified System of Individual Dose Control of the RF citizens for 2019. The analysis was carried out on the basis of the data contained in the forms of state statistical observation No. 1-DOZ (personnel individual doses), No. 2-DOZ (emergency doses), No. 3-DOZ (patients’ exposure doses) and No. 4-DOZ (population exposure doses from natural and technogenically impacted background) for 2019 submitted by the organizations and territories, the state sanitary and epidemiological supervision of which was carried out by Rospotrebnadzor and FMBA of Russia. The article used data obtained within the framework of Radiation-Hygiene passportization. In 2019, 18430 organizations dealing with technogenic sources of ionizing radiation submitted forms No. 1-DOZ with the information on the doses to personnel with a total number of 247934 people, of which 227723 people belonged to the personnel group A and 20211 person to the personnel group B. For these groups, the doses were assessed based on results of individual dosimetric control. In 2019, according to the Unified System of Individual Dose Control data, the average individual annual effective dose of technogenic exposure to the personnel group A was 1.19 mSv, and for the personnel group B it was 0.64 mSv. The total number of X-ray and radiological diagnostic procedures performed in the Russian Federation in 2019 exceeded 306.5 million, or 2.09 procedures per a citizen. The average annual effective dose of medical radiation exposure per one resident of Russia in 2019 was 0.62 mSv, and per procedure — 0.31 mSv. The submittedforms No. 4-DOZ of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for 2019 contained results of the measurements of dose rate of gamma radiation in 9179 wooden houses, 11,307measurements in low-rise stone houses, 121323 measurements in multi-storey stone houses and 229342 measurements in open areas. These also contained results of 3930 measurements of radon levels in wooden houses, 5071 measurements in low-rise stone houses and 46896 measurements in multi-storey stone houses, as well as the results of 19444 analyses of the levels of natural radionuclides in drinking water. The average annual effective dose of radiation to residents of the Russian Federation from natural sources, according to all measurements for the period from 2001 to 2019, was 3.36 mSv. The article provides Appendices with the final forms of Unified System of Individual Dose Controlfor the Russian Federation for 2019. Data for the forms have been obtained on the basis of summarizing the information contained in the forms of state statistical observation No. 1-DOZ, 3-DOZ and 4-DOZ of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

In the last years radiation-hygienic passportization and Joint state system of control and accounting of the individual doses of the citizens have become a trusted source of the validated data on the state of the radiation safety in the Russian Federation and have become the basis of the Russian system of the information provision of the radiation safety. Annual analysis of that data is presented in the annual information bulletin “Doses of the population of the Russian Federation”. The current study is focused on the analysis of the data from the information bulletins to evaluate the trends in the doses of the Russian population from main sources of ionizing exposure in 2003–2018. It is indicated that the mean annual doses from man-made exposure of the group A staff in that period varies from 1,0–1,4 mSv per year, group B – 0,65–0,8 mSv per year. The number of exceedances of the annual dose limits from group A staff varied from 5 to 52 per year; for group B – 0–22 per year. For the whole investigated period there were only three cases of the exceedance of the 50 mSv annual individual dose for group A staff and four cases of the exceedance of the 12,5 mSv annual effective dose for group B staff. Mean effective dose per X-ray examination in 2006–2013 was decreasing from 0,56 mSv to 0,26 mSv and started to slowly increase leading to 0,29 mSv in 2018. The same trends were identified for the mean dose from medical exposure per citizen: reduction in 2003-2013 from 0,86 mSv to 0,45 mSv with the subsequent increase up to 0,56 mSv. The biggest contributor for the dose from medical exposure is computed tomography: the number of CT examinations increased from 1,3 mln in 2003 to 11,7 mln in 2018; contribution to the collective dose – from 5,7% to 54%. Mean annual effective doses from natural exposure of the population of the Russian regions varied from 1,6 to 15,1 mSv per year with the mean value for Russia of 3,11 – 3,79 mSv/year. The highest mean annual doses exceeding 5 mSv in each year were observed in Republic of Altay, Jewish Independent Region, Stavropol and Zabaikalskiy Krai, Republic of Tyva and Irkutsk region. Total effective doses exceeding 10 mSv/year were observed in Republic of Altay and Jewish Independent Region. For ten subjects of the Russain Federation (Republics of Buryatia, Altay, Tyva, Stavropol and Zabaikalskiy Krai, Irkutsk and Chita regions, Jewish Independent Region, Aginsko-Buryatskiy and Ust’-Ordinskiy independent districts) they exceed 5 mSv/year for the whole assessed period.

An article is devoted to the peculiarities of exposure doses forming of adult population due to the main dose-forming foodstuffs in the remote period after Chernobyl accident. On an example of the Bryansk and Tula regions, we carried out the assessment of the effective purification half-periods of the main dose-forming food products (milk and mushrooms) from 137Cs due to its radioactive decay and natural self-purification and the assessment of the periods of half-reduction of the average annual effective internal doses for the population of the Bryansk region divided on the 137Cs soil surface activity actual in the corresponding year (based on whole body measurements data). Obtained results allowed fulfilling the prognosis of the internal doses for the population of the Bryansk region for the time period up to 2056.

The article presents the results of the generalized analysis of the data on staff, patient, and public doses from ionizing radiation obtained from the Unified System of Individual Dose Control for 2017. The analysis is conducted on the basis of the annual data from the forms of Federal State Statistical. Observation No.1-DOZ (staff individual doses), No.2-DOZ (doses from radiation accidents), No.3-DOZ (patient doses) and No.4- DOZ (public doses from natural and technogenically impacted background). The information is submitted by the organizations and territories under the supervision of the Rospotrebnadzor and FMBA of the Russian Federation. The article is based on the data obtained within the framework of Radiation-Hygiene passportization. In 2017, 18 324 organizations working with the artificial radiation sources submitted the form No.1-DOZ. The form No.1-DOZ contains data on 235 271 staff individual doses, 215 290 of the staff group A and 19 981 the staff group B with individual monitoring. In 2017, the average individual dose for the staff group A was 1,23 mSv, the staff group B – 0,67 mSv. In 2017, 13 036 healthcare organizations submitted the form No.3- DOZ. According to the No.3-DOZ data, more than 286 mln. X-ray procedures were conducted in the Russian Federation in 2017. An average dose per capita from medical exposure was 0,55 mSv/year and a mean dose per an X-ray examination was 0,28 mSv. In 2017, the form No.4-DOZ contained data on 8 130 measurements of gamma-radiation dose rate in wooden houses, 1 557 measurements in one-storey stone houses, 126 550 measurements in multi-storey stone houses and 178 138 measurements on the open ground As well as the results of 4 417 measurements of radon concentration levels in wooden houses, 5 971 measurements in one-storey stone houses, 57 461 measurements in multi-storey stone houses. The public average effective dose from natural ionizing radiation sources corresponded to 3.34 mSv/year, the average values for the subjects of the Russian Federation fall in the range from 2,15 mSv/year (Nenets Autonomous Okrug) to 8,9 mSv/year (Altai republic). The article includes the Annexes with the final generalized forms of the Unified System of Individual Dose Control in 2017 based on the forms of statistical observations No. 1-, 3- and 4-DOZ of the subjects of the Russian Federation.