This study aims to elucidate the carrying capacity of estuarine mangroves in Southeast Sulawesi, to maintain environmental health of its coastal cities. The concentrations of mercury (Hg), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), and Nickel (Ni) were analyzed in sediments and mangrove tissues samples from Kendari bay and Tinanggea estuaries. This was followed by the determination of translocation and bioaccumulation factors, as well as the total accumulation of heavy metals on a landscape level. The results showed that the sediment in Kendari Bay had higher heavy metal concentrations than in Tinanggea, indicating the anthropogenic impact of the highly populated city of Kendari. Moreover, the roots and stems of mangroves had higher heavy metal concentrations than the leaves. Overall, the Bioconcentration Factors (BCF) of Hg, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn metals were >1, indicating that estuarine mangroves have a higher phytoremediation capacity for heavy metals. Estuarine mangrove biomass also enables the high accumulation of heavy metals in both Kendari bay and Tinanggea, signifying the greater phytoremediation potential of urban estuarine mangroves. Based on these findings, the study supports the conservation and management of mangroves in urban estuaries to maintain the environmental health of coastal cities.

Using methyl orange (MO) in dye industries can cause the accumulation of MO waste in aquatic systems, including seawater. A magnetic material-silica-zeolite (MM-SiO2-NZ) composite was investigated in vitro to adsorb methyl orange (MO) dye. MM-SiO2-NZ composite was characterized using FTIR, XRF, and VSM. Adsorption studies with pH, concentration, contact time, and temperature variations were carried out to determine the adsorption capacity. The MM-SiO2-NZ characterization results by FTIR showed the presence of OH groups from Fe-OH, Si-OH, and Al-OH, and there were Fe-O, Si-O, Al-O, Si-O-Si, and Si-O-Fe groups. The results of XRF characterization showed that the metal oxide content of Fe2O3 in magnetic material (MM) was 75.39% and decreased to 52.63% after the MM-SiO2-NZ composite was formed. The characterization using VSM indicated the magnetic properties of MM to be 44.083 emu/g, then decreased to 11.407 emu/g after being composited. The adsorption of MM-SiO2-NZ tends to follow the Langmuir adsorption isotherm with a Langmuir constant (KL) value of 1.332 L/mg. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics with a constant value (k2) of 3×10-2 g.mg/min. MO dye adsorption by MM-SiO2-NZ took place spontaneously with Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) values of -1.109 kJ/mol, -38.687 kJ/mol, and -12.402 kJ/mol, respectively.

The optimum condition of modified BCR and Tessier with microwave-assisted (m-a) methods for leaching of Cu and Zn in the sediment Certified Reference Material (CRM) was investigated and then applied to those in marine sediments. Samples were leached by modified BCR and Tessier with (m-a) methods to perform Cu and Zn analysis in each sediment fraction (CRM) by means of ICP-MS. The irradiation power (336 watts) of 50%-2 min (fraction 1), 50%-3 min (fraction 2), 50%-1 min (fraction 3), and 50%-3 min (fraction 4) were observed in the optimum condition of the microwave. The best-modified BCR with (m-a) method was in the range 1.43-10.8% RSD (90.8% recovery) for Cu and 0.40- 1.29% RSD (98.6% recovery) for Zn. The optimum condition in the modified Tessier with (m-a) method was also observed in the irradiation power (336 watts) of 50%-1 min (fraction 1), 30%-3 min (fraction 2), 30%-3 min (fraction 3), 50%-1 min (fraction 4), 30%-2 min (fraction 5). The best range precision (accuracy) in the optimized condition with (m-a) was recorded as leaching Cu in the range of 0.62-1.65% RSD (98.8% recovery) and Zn in the range of 1.35-6.06% RSD (92.7% recovery). Both of the best-modified methods were then applied to marine sediment of the Java Sea and measured their Cu and Zn isotopes fractionations by the recommended MC-ICP-MS. Considering treated Cu and Zn isotope fractionations by delta Cu-65 calculated in the range 3-4.5 parts per thousand reflecting the source of their Cu and Zn from natural sediments. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Kendari Bay has been designated as an ecotourism area and as the main route for local trading in Kendari City, Province of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. An earlier study conducted by Armid et al [2] found that water quality in Kendari Bay has been polluted by heavy metals from household and factory wastes. Such metalsare spatially distributed throughout Kendari Bay area, but the main source of contributors to pollutants has not yet been identified clearly. A study on the distribution of heavy metals in the aquatic system of Kendari Bay is imperative to determine the source and status of pollution. This study aims for analyzing the main source of the largest pollutant contributors in Kendari Bay in order to maintain the water quality in this bay. The model for analyzing spatial effect is geographical weighted regression (GWR), and Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is used to estimate GWR parameters. The data of this study originated from 32 sampling sites spread across the Kendari Bay area, referring to a previous study by Armid et al [2]. Based on these data, numerical simulation results were obtained with prior r = 35 and δ = 10 which produced the best BGWR model with the highest R 2 value of 86.75% and the lowest MSE value of 0.02290; suggesting that 86.75% of the pollutants are caused by heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Cr, while 13.25% is caused by other factors. There are two sampling sites that have significant effects on the number of pollutants in Kendari Bay, both site 3 (downstream of the Wanggu River) and site 29 (Port area).

Staring Bay has long been used by the local community for fisheries and fishing activities; however, the rapid population growth and industrial activities around the bay in recent years are predicted to contribute significantly to the increase of waste entering the bay. This particular study was aimed to provide baseline levels of trace elements Pb, Cu, Ni, Fe, and As in this bay. Concentration and spatial distribution of trace elements were analyzed to determine the pollution status of the bay. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to quantify elements content. The concentrations of trace elements varied from 0.049-0.685 mu g L-1 (average: 0.261 +/- 0.163 mu g L-1) for Pb, 0.170-1.278 mu g L-1 (0.475 +/- 0.252 mu g L-1) for Cu, 0.375-1.469 mu g L-1 (0.754 +/- 0.258 mu g L-1) for Ni, 0.544-69.290 mu g L-1 (8.036 +/- 13.779 mu g L-1) for Fe, and 0.952-1.721 mu g L-1 (1.366 +/- 0.168 mu g L-1) for As. The present study suggests that Staring Bay has been highly contaminated by trace elements Pb and Fe relative to their normal oceanic levels. The contaminated areas were found in the estuaries due to terrestrial anthropogenic inputs from industrial and agricultural activities, residential areas and brackish ponds.

Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan Desember 2018 sampai pada Januari 2019 dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran Total Suspended Solid (TSS) permukaan serta untuk mengetahui hubungan parameter fisika kimia perairan yang mempengaruhi distribusi TSS di sekitar Tambang di Perairan Tondonggeu Kecamatan Abeli. Kegunaan dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi serta dapat mengetahui tingginya tingkat kekeruhan di suatu perairan yang dapat menghambat masuknya sinar matahari kedalam perairan sehingga dapat menyebabkan kondisi kehidupan di perairan akan terganggu. Metode yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling yang terdiri dari 10 stasiun, pengambilan sampel air pada saat surut dengan menggunakan botol sampel. Analisis sampel menggunakan metode Gravimetri. Distribusi TSS permukaan di Perairan Tondonggeu tertinggi berada di sekitar kawasan pemukiman penduduk dan dermaga pelabuhan perahu nelayan berkisar antara 938,833-1328,333 mg/L, sedangkan terendah berada di kawasan hutan mangrove yaitu berkisar antara 330,833-432,333 mg/L. Kecepatan arus adalah parameter kualitas air yang memiliki pengaruh paling besar terhadap sebaran TSS di Perairan Tondonggeu.Kata Kunci : Total Suspended Solid, Perairan Tondonggeu

Diethylenetriamine-functionalized silica coated on magnetic material of iron sand (MM@SiO2-DETA) has been synthesized through sol-gel technique for adsorption of Au(III) in aqueous solution. Synthesis was carried out by coating magnetic material of iron sand as the core with diethylenetriamine-modified silica using sodium silicate solution and N-1-(3-trimethoxysylilpropyl)diethylenetriamine (TMPSDETA) as silica and diethylenetriamine group sources, respectively. Adsorption of Au(III) in aqueous solution was performed in a batch system and three variables namely solution pH, temperature, contact time, and concentration of Au(III) were examined. The Au(III) not adsorbed was analyzed with a flame atomic absorbance spectrophotometer (FAAS). The maximum adsorption of Au(III) on MM@SiO2-DETA occurred at pH approximate to 2 and pseudo-second order equation model fitted best to describe the adsorption kinetics with the rate constant of 7.41x10(-2) g/mg.min. The adsorption equilibrium data followed Langmuir isotherm model with the adsorption capacity of 285.71 mg/g.

Logam berat Mangan (Mn) termasuk logam esensial yang bersumber dari peristiwa pengikisan (erosi) Mn masuk kedalam lingkungan perairan akibat dari aktivitas manusia seperti buang limbah industri, pelayaran, pertanian dan buangan limbah rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sebaran spasial logam berat Mn di Perairan Teluk Staring. Jenis penelitian yang di lakukan adalah pengambilan sampel air laut di permukaan Teluk Staring sebanyak 12 Stasiun dengan metode Purposive Random Sampling. Larutan sampel dianalisis dengan Spektrofometri Serapan Atom (SSA). Analisis sebaran spasial menggunakan metode interpolasi IDW pada ArcGIS. Dari hasil pengukuran menunjukan kisaran kosentrasi kadar logam Mn di 12 Stasiun sebesar 0,1153 dan 0,4077 ppm. Nilai rata-rata logam Mn adalah antara 0, 2463 ppm. Kadar logam Mn yang tertinggi terdapat pada Stasiun 3 dan 4. Hasil analisis spasial dari 12 Stasiun menunjukan bahwa pada semua stasiun pengamatan telah terkontaminasi oleh logam berat Mn, dengan konsentrasi melewati standar baku mutu yang telah ditentukan oleh ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, Water Quality Standard 1972. Dalam hal ini Teluk Staring telah tercemar oleh logam berat Mn. Sedangkan variabel lingkungan (Suhu,Salinitas dan pH) terhadap konsentrasi Logam Berat Mn tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan.Kata kunci: Logam Berat Mangan (Mn), Distribusi Spasial, Teluk Staring

In order to investigate the anthropogenic and natural sources of metals in the Gulf of Prigi, Indonesia, it was analyzed their metal contents and Pb isotopes of surface seawater together with sediment, grouper fish, mosh, seaweed, soil, and sharp grass for protecting the environmental pollution of the study area. Samples were leached using a microwave digestion technique. Metal (Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu and Pb) concentrations and Pb-206, Pb-207 and Pb-208 in the leached solutions were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The level concentrations of Ca (491436 mu g kg(-1)), Fe (12123 mu g kg(-1)), Mn (37.2 mu g kg(-1)), Cu (84.0 mu g kg(-1)) and Pb (34.5 mu g kg(-1)) in the surface seawater were low compared with those of background seawater levels issued by World Health Organization (WHO). The range of Pb isotope ratios (Pb-207 /Pb-206 = 0.7966-0.9945 and Pb-208 /Pb-206 = 2.2600-2.8243) in surface seawater was higher in the plotted Pb growth curve suggesting unpolluted Pb reflected by natural sources such as mineral sources or lithogenic from marine sediment.

Coal deposits in Southeast Sulawesi may not be large, one of the occurrence and deposit has been recorded in the Tawanga Village, East Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The study area is part of Southeast Arm of Sulawesi and the occurrence of coal is indicated from Meluhu Formation (TRm) which uncomformably overlying with schist of the Mekongga Complex (Pzm). In this study, field survey and proximate analysis of coal had been conducted to determine the distribution and quality of coal. Six coal samples from different area were subjected to the proximate analysis and the comparison of different properties including moisture content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, ash content and calorific values has been studied. The study is aimed to characterize of coal in the area through proximate analysis method. Field survey showed that the occurrence of coal as thin layers or lenses set in shale with thickness is vary from 5 to 20 cm. The analytical evaluation of properties showed the value of fixed carbon content 5.2 to 12.4%, the ash content 8.4 to 35.7%, the total moisture content 47.1 to 73.0% and volatile matter 7.0 to 10.7%. The analytical results suggest the existing of coal in the study area is classified as low rank calorie with the calorific value ranges between 1246.7 to 3644.6 cal/gr (adb).

Given the increasing role of P90 Ribosomal S6 Kinase 2 (RSK2) as an anticancer drug target, we performed 3D-Quantitative structure–activity relationship, including comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) on difluorophenol pyridine derivatives as the inhibitor of RSK2. CoMFA model with q2 of 0.597 and R2 of 0.993, while CoMSIA model with q2 of 0.563 and R2 of 0.993, were obtained. The predictive ability of both models was assured using a test set compound with Rpred values of 0.996 each. Using the validated models, novel compound was proposed and its interaction with RSK2 was investigated employing molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation of 50 ns. Furthermore, molecular-mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area calculation was performed. The result showed that the newly designed compound has a comparable binding free energy with the known RSK2 inhibitor, indicating its potential as a new RSK2 inhibitor.

Molecular Docking and Simulation studies of Farnesyl Trasnferase with the potential inhibitor TheflavinR. Balajee, M. S. Dhana Rajan

This research was conducted at Tapunggaya in Molawe subdistrict in North Konawe Regency in South East Sulawesi, near activity of mining Laterite Nickel. This research aims to know the impact of the activity of mining nickel laterite on the quality of groundwater. The methods used to analyze concentrations of Cr6+, and Cd was direct observation and AAS which was a method of index pollution in the determination of the quality of groundwater. The activity of nickel mining did not show the significant impact to surrounded groundwater. There was nickel in the area of research through the standard of groundwater quality because the bedrock is ultramafic rocks. It was peridotite and garnierite filling veins among body rocks. According to the estimations of index pollution, the quality of groundwater was low pollution. Quality of groundwater was divided into three contaminant levels. Quality of groundwater includes two contaminant levels consisting of filling quality standard, and low contamination. The filled standard quality groundwater was at 2nd and 3rd stations. The low contaminations were at 1st, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th stations.