Controlling fulfils a leading position in the management. The paper deals with controlling tools use in business management. The research focuses on obtaining and evaluating data from a questionnaire survey on the current trends of controlling use in small and medium enterprises in selected region of Slovakia. The results show, predominantly in small companies, that there is no separate controlling departments or position of a controller. In medium enterprises, it is appropriate to optimize the already established controlling concept. The enterprise management will thus obtain information on effectiveness improving, and can immediately take measures to renew its planned business development.

In the present economic crisis caused by the pandemic and political situation, the theme of the enterprise evaluation has become an actual and important one. The contribution of the present study aims to present a tool for managing the enterprises' value, acting in the mining sector in Slovakia conditions. The evaluation is made by predicting future cash flow and creating the company's financial plan. During the creation of the financial plan, the probability distribution of individual factors is used. Probability distribution had been determined according to the development of annual changes of chosen indicators. According to the evaluation of the chosen company, a process of individual steps for model creation is suggested. The process results present the evaluation of chosen company by various revenue methods. Individual results are compared with the market capitalization of the chosen company, and in this way, the results could serve to manage the competitiveness of the companies in other industrial sectors.

Research background: Environmental policy becomes actual worldwide problem and globalization process is closely related with rising of environmental risks. To manage such process needs to accept preventive measurements, but also to apply financial mechanisms for remediation of possible environmental damages. Purpose of the article: Presented contribution is orientated to the evaluation of possible insurance of environmental risks. Methods: The main approach to research is analysis of environmental taxes in tax system of Slovakia, when data had been obtained from tax system SR. Findings & Value added: Analysis showed there are the so called normative means (orders, bans, directives, norms, regulations etc.), financial-economic means (environmental taxes and fees) and voluntary means (EMS, EMAS, and Environmental Labeling etc.). One of useable financial means is to prevent the appearance of environmental risks. Countries have different forms of environmental insurance. The developed economies have a wide spectrum of insurance products and different approaches of insurance of environmental risks contributing to the minimization of the consequences of environmental damages. Information from the contribution can be used as financial guarantee for potential polluters and in the field of environmental risks management, as well as providing of financial securities of the companies. The limitation of the research is difficulty to obtain data, especially in area of environmental risks insurance there is only small amount of historical data to evaluate the situation.

Tourism currently contributes significantly to the national economy. When investing in the accommodation facility on the real-estate market, the tourism sector also represents a certain risk due to a high level of seasonality. This paper investigates the risks related to prices, income and occupancy of accommodation facilities for selected regions in Slovakia. The value of accommodation facilities is estimated using discounted cash flow, probabilistic distribution of rental prices and occupancy of accommodation facilities in selected Slovak regions. The results provide information for potential and profitable investments in exposed regions in tourism. The information can be used in the field of risk management to avoid or reduce the risk of risk investments. Although the resulting values were calculated only for some selected regions, the proposed procedure can be used for any region and compared with the current values.

There is a long history of mining in territories that are currently part of the Czech Republic. The period after 1989 was marked by the reduction of mining and mine closures. In 2017, the Government of the Czech Republic took action concerning strategic raw materials in domestic conditions, implying options for resuming exploitation of deposits mined in the past. The paper gives evidence that there is a historic precedent for disruption and resumption of mining. The paper also highlights the importance of the method of mine closure and technical liquidation for possible resumption of mining.

Purpose: Environmental taxes present important indirect economic tool for achieving of environmental goals in the sense of environmental burden decreasing.The importance to deal with environmental taxes is connected also with European directives for waste management, reuse and recycling, energy recovery.The goal of the contribution is to analyse position and importance of environmental taxes establishment in Visegrad region.Methodology: To achieve determined goal, there was made analysis of environmental taxes in tax system of Slovakia, development of tax rates and collection of environmental taxes.Approach: Research of development and evaluation of environmental taxes had been done according to the newest available data from databases Eurostat, OECD, Ministries of individual Visegrad region countries, and Customs and Taxes Administrations of individual Visegrad region countries.Findings: Results of the contribution prove influence of the environmental tax introduction to the tax system and primary impact to the business behaviour with orientation to the eco-innovation processes.The further problems of environmental taxes evaluation should be orientated to the systematic tool for solving of environmental policy not only at the national, but also at the multinational level.

Most EU member states have taken measures to implement the principles of sustainable development. Mineral extraction in Europe has become more difficult, since most member states have taken measures to implement the principles of sustainable development. The industrial minerals sector provides important mineral commodities for the industries. The general situation of minerals supplying in Europe is provided by a strong position of aggregate sector. The paper evaluates the development of mineral extraction in the Visegrad group of EU countries with the aim to find the position of the mining industry in the V4 countries and its contribution to the European mining industry, regarding the sustainability of mining. A task of sustainability assessment is the evaluation of the V4 mining sector's contribution to the European economy and finally to assess the risks and obstacles for mining industry development. Due to the mentioned present state of minerals supplying in Europe, this is evaluated with economic and environmental significance of materials, connected with development of mineral production and critical mineral Raw Materials in EU, compared with worldwide situation, followed by the prediction of mineral production. The third part is orientated towards the evaluation of raw materials used in the individual V4 countries. The situation of mineral production is evaluated especially in the V4 region. Thre results show that despite the fact that there is an obvious certain boom and annual growth of mining volumes in the V4 countries, the growth does not mean the mining industry follows sustainable development. There is a vast space for the industry to improve. The further evaluation of state minerals demands the consideration of risks and obstacles in mining business and the environment impact.

Activity in the mining industry is based on the profitability principle similar to other business sectors. In the case of stone pits, gravel and sand quarries, it presents a very complex task, mainly due to the fact that the economy of localities is influenced greatly by natural conditions, which cannot be changed. The presented contribution deals with the problem of how mining companies, realizing the surface extraction of construction materials, could be profitable in the future. The main research method of this contribution presents regression and correlation analyses with the goal of determining parameters with a decisive influence on the future economic development of the locality. A complex system of stone pit, gravel and sand quarries demanded discriminant analysis to evaluate individual localities with the goal of dividing them into profitable and not profitable localities. The results of the contribution divide localities of quarry mining among profitable or not profitable, serving for predicting the future development of the company, based on discriminant analysis. The results of maximally possible measures respect assumptions, enabling the correct application of such multivariate statistical methods. A further orientation of the research in an area of model creation for predicting the future development of the company is possible in the application of logistic regression and neuron nets.

Environmental policy, orientated to the decreasing of environmental burden is becoming worldwide problem, presenting important economic tool for decreasing of environmental burden in the regions. The goal of the contribution is to evaluate establishment of environmental taxes in V4 region from the view of environmental tax analysis in tax system, development of tax rate and collection of environmental taxes. The result of the analysis is evaluation of individual countries position during taxation of individual types of environmental burdens, as well as emphasizing of necessity to apply taxes as environmental tools for living environment protection. Revenues of environmental taxes do not achieve demanded level, applied in developed EU economies. There is therefore necessary to realize in the region systematic environmental tax reform with goal to support business environment.

Environmental policy, orientated to the decreasing of environmental burden is becoming worldwide problem, presenting important economic tool for decreasing of environmental burden in the regions. The goal of the contribution is to evaluate establishment of environmental taxes in V4 region from the view of environmental tax analysis in tax system, development of tax rate and collection of environmental taxes. The result of the analysis is evaluation of individual countries position during taxation of individual types of environmental burdens, as well as emphasizing of necessity to apply taxes as environmental tools for living environment protection. Revenues of environmental taxes do not achieve demanded level, applied in developed EU economies. There is therefore necessary to realize in the region systematic environmental tax reform with goal to support business environment.

The hospitality industry´s footprint is characterized by heavy resource consumption and significant waste production. Due to the sustainability there is necessary to use triple bottom line approach, to measure hospitality industry impact on people, the planet and profits (3P criteria). The hospitality has improved its efforts to effectively measure and protect natural resources, but the pillar of social sustainability is increasingly highlighting the role of people. Hospitality sector does not publicly report any of the criteria; only the activities associated with social care and overall welfare. Therefore, we researched possibility to use a joint sustainability index to measure the 3Ps for hospitality industries. The results reveal methods, models, inputs, and outcomes and define the users by anticipating their needs in terms of new sustainability measures in the hospitality industry. The results show that the planet category was weighted the highest, the people category was weighted highly for satisfaction, and profit category was weighted on the upper scale during the research period. This contribution employs a hospitality organization model, but the ideas can be extended to whole other types of organizations.

The content of the contribution was an analysis of consumer behaviour in the area of tourism in the region of Slovakia. Contribution achieved the aim according theoretical and practical knowledge of the subject area to analyse the main factors influencing the consumer in tourism and specify a typology of customer in response to various segmentation variables. Research made in the region of Slovakia was connected with specification of consumers? typology by using of cluster analysis at the market of tourism according psychographic, demographical variables and single consumer?s behaviour in the individual segments. The research results were the basis for the formulation of conclusions and proposals for further research in the area of tourism market.

Among one of the most used ideas belong presently clearly "globalization", with which there are connected not only political, economic and environmental, but also cultural pressures to the business subjects. Process of their management at the national, but mostly at the international level, consists of connection of factors, resulting from globalization, which become necessary assumption of success and competitiveness. Although successful multinational corporations include standardly mentioned aspect to their managerial tools, new rising multinational corporations continue many times in underestimation of importance and power of the factor. Contribution solves mutual interaction of business cultures in the process of corporations' mergers with regard to the organizational structure and identification of problems, rising during the merger. Contribution underlines also influence of global management and process of mutual acceptation of two business cultures and understanding of reasons that lead to the successful merger of corporations from the view of global management.

Rules and recommendations for dynamic planning the com. productin of polypropylene films were give. An algorithm for development of an exgended prodn. plan was elaborated.

The global financial crisis has greatly limited access to both public and private sources of finance in the recent decades. Markets and national governments emitted low interested and multi-structured financial means with low liquidity. In the post-crisis period national governments tend to regulate their financial sectors more strictly, paying more attention to risky and low interest financial sources, necessary for investments, on which private equity is dependent. Private equity funds grew significantly in the last two decades, both in the USA and in Europe. Such new ways of debt financing and cheap money support massive growth in the industrial sectors of individual countries. This research is studying the positive impact of private equity on management of the whole industries and economies in Europe. Our analysis stems from the general assumption that private equity has positive influence on industrial performance and our empirical data evidences that private equity reacts to economic decrease more intensively than under the business model without financial leverage. The goal of this chapter is to show how private equity contributes to the growth of industrial sectors, performance of industrial companies, with a special emphasis on the mining sector.

The textile and clothing industry in Europe can be considered as a not profitable sector . The goal of the contribution is an evaluation of selected indicators of financial analysis, credit score and bankruptcy models as well as strategic analysis in selected companies of the textile and clothing industry in Slovakia. The next goal is an outline of development possibilities of the sector in the future. During the research we used data from the five most important companies doing business in the textile and clothing industry in Slovakia. The data obtained were processed by the bonity and Altman index, providing the possibility to determine possible future development in the industry. The results show a decrease in the number of textile and clothing companies in Slovakia. Such results can be used for the setting of scenarios of development, which show that the Slovakian textile, clothing and leather industry should multiply its effort to maintain its position on the international markets.

The financial health of a company can be seen as the ability to maintain a balance against changing conditions in the environment and at the same time in relation to everyone participating in the business. In the evaluation of financial health and prediction of financial problems of the companies, various indexes are used that can serve as input for expert estimation or creation of various models using, for example, multi-dimensional statistical methods. The practical application of the proper method for evaluation of financial health has been analysed in post-communist countries, since they have common historic experiences and economic interests. During the research we followed up the following indexes: Altman model, Taffler model, Springate model, and the index IN, based on multi-dimensional discrimination analysis. From the research results there is obvious a necessity to combine available methods in post-communist countries and at least to eliminate their disadvantages partially. Experiences from prediction models have proved their relatively high prediction ability, but only in perfect conditions, which cannot be affirmed in post-communist countries. The task remains to modify existing indexes to concrete situations and problems of the individual industries in the chosen countries, which have unique conditions for business making.

Tourism records considerably massive development as a single sector and its development can be contribution only in case it is in accord with the living environment and social acceptance. The goal of the contribution is to search sustainable development in area of tourism in the frame of Visegrad group visitors in Slovakia in comparing with whole world prediction development. The searching is made by external environment of tourism system, regarding present legislation about tourism support. The evaluation and comparing is done by the index of country attractiveness from the view of satisfied demands of visitors and their country origin. The main results show attractiveness of the Slovakia is considered as attractive country from the view of satisfied demands. By this way, there is confirmed space for visitation increasing as well as improving Slovakia perception as target country for tourism.

Work productivity presents one of the factors, influencing economic growth of the country. On the other hand work productivity is also influenced by various factors. There are raising differences in work productivity among individual countries. Human capital can influence work productivity through employment, which can be analyzed from various points of view. The goal of the paper is therefore to identify work productivity in EU-28 with emphasize to V4. The main analysis had been done by available database in European system of national and regional accounts and according introduced statistic classification of economic activities from European Parliament Decree. The main indexes of work productivity had been calculated according obtained data with using of descriptive statistics. According mentioned statistics we found which country is the best and which is the worst from the view of analyzed indexes. The last part of the paper presents following up of reason of determined state with setting of possible solutions.

Evaluation of customer's satisfaction quality is a relatively new concept for many companies, aiming to gain a competitive advantage in the market. Evaluation does not focus only on customers but also on competition, when results are accessible to all staff. Customers are informed of the changes that have occurred due to their needs. Goal of the paper is to analyse the way of measuring customers' satisfaction in relation to the performance evaluation of processes in metallurgical company. It includes identifying its strengths and weaknesses and processes suggestions of influence of chosen indexes monitoring for evaluation of effectiveness of whole production process. The purpose is to contribute to more efficient relationship of analysed company and its customers, with an emphasis on maintaining its stable position in the market. Important conclusion obtained by research is finding that increasing of process efficiency of customer's satisfaction depends on choice of proper methodology, measure of base elaboration and evaluation, qualitative technical solution, as well as timely and specialized communication with customer. According results for improving of satisfaction evaluation for the subject of research we recommend re-evaluating weights coefficients with emphasize to the evaluation of customers' satisfaction, as well as to extend indexes for other so far not evaluated processes.