The CAPRES model (Railway Network Capacity Assessment System) has been built to help planners to design timetables at the network level and to saturate them, making possible through the process to evaluate the capacity of the network. The model has been developed by ITEP-EPFL in partnership with the Swiss Federal Railways. During the timetable saturation process, CAPRES takes into account infrastructure, rolling stock, and operations characteristics. It proceeds according to user-defined strategies that i n-volve train succession rules and priorities allocation, especially concerning the use of available capacity, for the various train categories. The construction of the saturated timetable is carried out through a set of events (train departures and arrivals) that are subjected to a number of constraints , such as running and stop times, connections, headway, and so on. The problem is solved by an optimised branch-and-bound algorithm. Major stations' operations are modelled by a specific track assignment algorithm with constrains between events. CAPRES has been used to analyse implementation alternatives for the North-South railway crossings through the Swiss Alps. Those applications have clearly showed the effect of integrating high-performance lines with the existing network. It has been possible to verify the feasibility of planned timetables, to pinpoint bottlenecks, and to assess effects on capacity of various infrastructure and service alternatives. As a result, the various scenarios for the development of services in the North-South rail corridor have been evaluated for the next 20 years. CAPRES methodology and results have been certified by the Swiss government and by the major Swiss railway companies. As a consequence, they have been instrumental in the political decision process that involves a 8.3 billion Euros investment for the AlpTransit project. The paper presents a flexible methodology to assess rail capacity over an entire network, as well as a case study concerning the analysis of the capacity development for the North-South freight corridor through Switzerland.

Cells of fetal origin have been searched for in the peripheral blood of mothers following delivery of a boy, using mepacrine fluorescence of the Y chromosome. In a series of 62 women such cells have been found for approximately two years in more than half of cases. Their number decreases thereafter but in some instances Y chromosome-bearing cells have been observed 5 years after delivery.

The regulation of the ovulatory cycle at the level of the central nervous system the anterior pituitary and the ovary is discussed. The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary by receiving nervous and hormonal input and secreting releasing factor for FSH and LH and inhibitory factors for prolactin and melanin through its portal system. The anterior pituitary secretes FSH which acts exclusively on the gonads then LH which acts with FSH to release the ovum and luteinize the follicle. Follicular development begins in the ovary during Weeks 12-24 of development with multiplication growth and the 1st reduction division of meiosis. From the 20th week to menopause groups of follicles increase in volume forming antrums and granulosa layers. The 3rd stage of development is ovulation completion of meiosis and luteinization. Luteinization entails estrogen synthesis by the theca interna and progesterone by the granulosa. Ovulation is stimulated by parasympathetic nerves requires a mature hypothalamus for its secretion of releasing factors is subject to environmental and behavioral stimuli (e.g. light) and is associated with signals from the epiphysis and other hormones such as thyroid melatonin and serotonin.

The diagnostic and therapeutic uses of measurements of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in cases of sterility and amenorrhea are discussed and supported by 9 case histories. The patients all had 3 months of basal temperature recordings hysterosalpingraphy endometrial biopsy on Cycle Day 21 Huhner test thyroid function test glucose tolerance test urinary estrogen and pregnanediol tests. Basal temperature LH and FSH curves are shown for each patient during treatment with clomid synthetic estrogen and progestagen or in untreated cycle. There were 2 patients with primary and 4 with secondary sterility. This group included 3 women with low LH peaks and no FSH peak 1 with an LH peak in response to clomid 1 in response to estrogen and 1 with high LH and FSH peaks but luteal insufficiency. The 3 amenorrheic patients were 1 with primary amenorrhea and high LH and FSH or hypergonadic amenorrhea 1 with secondary amenorrhea due to low LH and FSH and a third with secondary amenorrhea for several months after stopping Noracycline oral contraceptives. She had high LH and FSH and pregnancy was diagnosed at her second visit. Knowing LH and FSH values is probably more useful than estrogen and progesterone levels because the time of ovulation may be ascertained since the LH peak usually preceeds ovulation by 24-36 hours. The hypothalamic or ovarian source of the disorder may then be determined and effective treatment instituted.

The diagnostic and therapeutic uses of measurements of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in cases of sterility and amenorrhea are discussed and supported by 9 case histories. The patients all had 3 months of basal temperature recordings, hysterosalpingraphy, endometrial biopsy on Cycle Day 21, Huhner test, thyroid function test, glucose tolerance test, urinary estrogen and pregnanediol tests. Basal temperature, LH, and FSH curves are shown for each patient during treatment with clomid, synthetic estrogen and progestagen, or in untreated cycle. There were 2 patients with primary and 4 with secondary sterility. This group included 3 women with low LH peaks and no FSH peak, 1 with an LH peak in response to clomid, 1 in response to estrogen, and 1 with high LH and FSH peaks but luteal insufficiency. The 3 amenorrheic patients were 1 with primary amenorrhea and high LH and FSH, or hypergonadic amenorrhea, 1 with secondary amenorrhea due to low LH and FSH, and a third with secondary amenorrhea for several months after stopping Noracycline oral contraceptives. She had high LH and FSH and pregnancy was diagnosed at her second visit. Knowing LH and FSH values is probably more useful than estrogen and progesterone levels because the time of ovulation may be ascertained, since the LH peak usually preceeds ovulation by 24-36 hours. The hypothalamic or ovarian source of the disorder may then be determined, and effective treatment instituted.

Plasma LH and FSH have been measured by radioimmunoassay in 59 subjects taking contraceptives for 1 to 8 months, divided in three groups: 25 women under 2.5 Lynestrenol + Mestranol (0.075 mg), 22 women under 0.5 mg Norgestrel + 0.05 Ethynil Oestradiol, 12 women under various drugs.