This report presents the capabilities of the CMS experiment to explore the rich heavy-ion physics programme offered by the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The collisions of lead nuclei at energies , will probe quark and gluon matter at unprecedented values of energy density. The prime goal of this research is to study the fundamental theory of the strong interaction ? Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) ? in extreme conditions of temperature, density and parton momentum fraction (low-x).This report covers in detail the potential of CMS to carry out a series of representative Pb-Pb measurements. These include bulk observables, (charged hadron multiplicity, low pT inclusive hadron identified spectra and elliptic flow) which provide information on the collective properties of the system, as well as perturbative probes such as quarkonia, heavy-quarks, jets and high pT hadrons which yield tomographic information of the hottest and densest phases of the reaction.

The quark model does not exclude states composed of more than three quarks, like pentaquark systems. Controversial evidence for such states has been published in the last years, in particular: for a strange pentaquark Θ(1540)+; for a double-strange state, the Ξ(1862)−−, subsequently called Φ(1860)−−; and for a charmed state, the Θc(3100)0. If confirmed, a full pentaquark family might exist; such pentaquark states could be produced in e+e− annihilations near the Z energy. In this Letter a search for pentaquarks is described using the DELPHI detector at LEP, characterized by powerful particle identification sub-systems crucial in the separation of the signal from the background for these states. At 95% CL, upper limits are set on the production rates 〈N〉 of such particles and their charge-conjugate state per Z decay: 〈NΘ+〉×Br(Θ+→pKS0)<5.1×10−4, 〈NΘ++〉<1.6×10−3, 〈NΦ(1860)−−〉×Br(Φ(1860)−−→Ξ−π−)<2.9×10−4, 〈NΘc(3100)0〉×Br(Θc(3100)0→D∗+p¯)<8.8×10−4.

CMS is a general purpose experiment, designed to study the physics of pp collisions at 14 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider ( LHC). It currently involves more than 2000 physicists from more than 150 institutes and 37 countries. The LHC will provide extraordinary opportunities for particle physics based on its unprecedented collision energy and luminosity when it begins operation in 2007. The principal aim of this report is to present the strategy of CMS to explore the rich physics programme offered by the LHC. This volume demonstrates the physics capability of the CMS experiment. The prime goals of CMS are to explore physics at the TeV scale and to study the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking - through the discovery of the Higgs particle or otherwise. To carry out this task, CMS must be prepared to search for new particles, such as the Higgs boson or supersymmetric partners of the Standard Model particles, from the start- up of the LHC since new physics at the TeV scale may manifest itself with modest data samples of the order of a few fb(-1) or less. The analysis tools that have been developed are applied to study in great detail and with all the methodology of performing an analysis on CMS data specific benchmark processes upon which to gauge the performance of CMS. These processes cover several Higgs boson decay channels, the production and decay of new particles such as Z' and supersymmetric particles, B-s production and processes in heavy ion collisions. The simulation of these benchmark processes includes subtle effects such as possible detector miscalibration and misalignment. Besides these benchmark processes, the physics reach of CMS is studied for a large number of signatures arising in the Standard Model and also in theories beyond the Standard Model for integrated luminosities ranging from 1 fb(-1) to 30 fb(-1). The Standard Model processes include QCD, B-physics, diffraction, detailed studies of the top quark properties, and electroweak physics topics such as the W and Z(0) boson properties. The production and decay of the Higgs particle is studied for many observable decays, and the precision with which the Higgs boson properties can be derived is determined. About ten different supersymmetry benchmark points are analysed using full simulation. The CMS discovery reach is evaluated in the SUSY parameter space covering a large variety of decay signatures. Furthermore, the discovery reach for a plethora of alternative models for new physics is explored, notably extra dimensions, new vector boson high mass states, little Higgs models, technicolour and others. Methods to discriminate between models have been investigated. This report is organized as follows. Chapter 1, the Introduction, describes the context of this document. Chapters 2-6 describe examples of full analyses, with photons, electrons, muons, jets, missing E-T, B-mesons and tau's, and for quarkonia in heavy ion collisions. Chapters 7-15 describe the physics reach for Standard Model processes, Higgs discovery and searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model.

The forward-backward asymmetries of the processes e+e− → Z → bb and e+e− → Z → cc were measured from a sample of hadronic Z decays collected by the DELPHI experiment between 1993 and 1995. Enriched samples of bb̄ and cc̄ events were obtained using lifetime information. The tagging of b and c quarks in these samples was based on the semileptonic decay channels b/c → X+μ and b/c → X+e combined with charge flow information from the hemisphere opposite to the lepton. Combining the A FB and A cc FB measurements presented in this paper with published results based on 1991 and 1992 DELPHI data samples, the following pole asymmetries were obtained: A FB = 0.1021 ± 0.0052 (stat) ± 0.0024 (syst) A FB = 0.0728 ± 0.0086 (stat) ± 0.0063 (syst) The effective value of the weak mixing angle derived from these measurements is sin θ W,eff = 0.23170 ± 0.00097.

The forward-backward asymmetries of the processes e(+) e(-) --> Z --> b (b) over bar and e(+)e(-) --> Z --> c (c) over bar were measured from a sample of hadronic Z decays collected by the DELPHI experiment between 1993 and 1995. Enriched samples of b (b) over bar and c (c) over bar events were obtained using lifetime information. The tagging of b and c quarks in these samples was based on the semileptonic decay channels b/c --> X + mu and b/c --> X + e combined with charge flow information from the hemisphere opposite to the lepton.Combining the A(FB)(b (b) over bar) and A(FB)(c (c) over bar) measurements presented in this paper with published results based on 1991 and 1992 DELPHI data samples, the following pole asymmetries were obtained:A(FB)(0,b) = 0.1021 +/- 0.0052 (stat) +/- 0.0024 (syst)A(FB)(0,c) = 0.0728 +/- 0.0086 (stat) +/- 0.0063 (syst)The effective value of the weak mixing angle derived from these measurements issin(2) theta(W,eff)(lept) = 0.23170 +/- 0.00097.

Oscillations in the Bs-Bs system were studied in events selected from about 4.3 million hadronic Z decays registered by DELPHI between 1992 and 2000. This paper presents updates of two published analyses ( [11,12]). The first analysis, which utilizes leptons emitted with large momentum transverse to a jet, was improved by means of a better algorithm for the vertex reconstuction and a new algorithm for flavour-tagging at production time. The second analysis, which utilizes Ds-lepton events, was improved by optimizing the treatment of proper time resolution. No signal of Bs oscillations was observed and limits on the mass difference between the physical Bs states were obtained to be: ∆ms > 8.0 ps−1 at the 95% C.L. with a sensitivity of ∆ms = 9.1 ps−1 in the high pt lepton analysis and ∆ms > 4.9 ps−1 at the 95% C.L. with a sensitivity of ∆ms = 8.6 ps−1 in the Ds-lepton analysis. Previously published results on these analyses are superseded. The combination of these results with those obtained in other independent analyses previously performed in DELPHI (Ds-hadron, exclusive Bs, inclusive vertex) gives: ∆ms > 8.5 ps−1 at the 95% C.L. with a sensitivity of ∆ms = 12.0 ps−1.