The stabilization forms of 119m,gTe atoms formed in metallic Sn by the nuclear reaction 117Sn(4He,2n) were studied using Mossbauer spectroscopy. It was found that the stabilization forms of 119m,gTe are determined by nuclear history (in this case, by the beam currents of bombarding particles) and, as a consequence, by the heat release in the target bulk.

The “dry” procedure to remove 54Mn from both cyclotron and reactor iron targets, based on the thermal annealing of the irradiated metal accompanied by the transfer of 54Mn atoms into the gas phase, is proposed. The rate of the impurity transfer depends on the extent of the radiation damage of the metal structure, and the degree of the target purification to remove 54Mn, on the chemical purity (content of manganese) in the irradiated preparations.

Abiotic formation of such complex biochemical compounds as nucleotides and oligopeptides on the surface of interstellar and interplanetary dust particles (IDP) by cosmic radiation was examined. In order to study the formation of organic compounds on IDPs, solid films prepared from nucleososide and inorganic phosphate were irradiated with high energy protons. Irradiated products were analyzed with HPLC. The natural nucleotides were detected. The main products were 5′ AMP (3.2%) and 2′3′ cAMP (2.7%). The results were compared with others experiments on the action of ultraviolet radiation with different wavelengths, γ-radiation and heat on solid mixtures of biologically significant compounds. The experiment on abiogenic synthesis of nucleotides on board of space satellite “BION-11” was compared also. The present results suggest that a considerable amount of complex biochemical compounds formed in extraterrestrial environments could have been supplied to the primitive earth before the origin of life.

Procedure for preparing carrier-free 113Sn based on irradiation of targets enriched with 111Cd in a beam of α-particles was proposed and realized. Using a “stack of foils” procedure, the energy dependences of the yields of 113Sn and impurity nuclides were studied and the optimal energy of the α-particles was determined; 113Sn was isolated from the targets by diffusion.

A target assembly for accumulation of 1 9 9 Tl by irradiation of 30-40-μm gold foils was developed and designed. As alternative to traditional design, “sandwich” cyclotron targets consisting of materials with different coefficients of linear thermal expansion are proposed. The efficient mechanical contact between the gold foil and spherical support (prepared from D-16 alloy) can be ensured by an outer clamp, e.g., 0.2-mm vanadium gauze transparent for α-particles to 85-90%.

Transfer of 99 m Tc impurity atoms formed in metallic molybdenum by the nuclear transformations [98Mo(n,γ)99Mo → β-decay] was studied. At annealing of the metal in the range of α → γ polymorphic transition, the accelerated diffusion (transfer rate >10-17 m2 s-1 at ≈1000 K) is accompanied by transfer of 99 m Tc impurity atoms into the gas phase. This phenomenon can be used in the development of radiolysis-resistant 99Mo/99 m Tc generators in which the parent molybdenum is obtained by radiation neutron capture.

The local environment of 57Co impurity atoms formed in nickel metal by the 58Ni(α,αp) reaction was studied by emission Müossbauer spectroscopy. The positions of 57Co atoms after irradiation and short isochronous (1800 s) heat treatments of the cyclotron targets at 500-1100 K were evaluated. The processes of impurity transfer during treatment of irradiated targets were analyzed. The rate of impurity transfer is determined by the damage of the irradiated metal lattice and stabilization forms of impurity atoms (i.e., their location in the substitution sites or at the crystallite grain boundary).

The mechanism of impurity atom transfer during annealing of irradiated cadmium targets was studied. Structural transformations of the irradiated metal are accompanied by accelerated migration of Sn and In. It was found that the migration rate of impurity atoms depends on the nuclear history (radiation dose, type and energy of the bombarding particles), and the transfer rate decreases during post-radiation annealing of the metal. To explain the abnormal behavior of impurities, the transfer mechanism was proposed, which takes into account irregularity of the metal crystal structure after irradiation and structural transformations, and also possible stabilization forms of transmutation nuclides in the irradiated cadmium (at the substitution and intercalation positions and at the crystallite grain boundary).

In a number of metal systems that undergo phase transitions, we have studied the physical and chemical behavior of radioactive microimpurities being formed in several metals. The main objective of these studies was to reveal some general trends of the physical and chemical behavior of the ultra-small amounts of impurites of various nuclear-induced origin and their previous history in irradiated metals that had undergone structural transformations. To tackle the problem, an original methodological approach has been applied based on a complex use of various nuclear-physical methods.

We present results of development of the fast Forward Multiplicity Detector (FMD) for ALICE at the future LHC. The UHV compatible UHF sector type detector prototype based on the application of the micro-channel plates (MCP) was designed and produced.The double MCP setup (gain 10(8)) gives a strong signal for the UHF readout which includes also a multichannel passive summator which separates the fast and slow components of the signal providing the combination of individual pads charge readout, precise timing and analog multiplicity information.The status of the isochronous MCP disk development and the experimental tests are also discussed, including :- model simulations of the FMD detector performance in heavy ion collisions at the LHC;- tests of variuos FMD-MCP structures (small area prototypes and sector multipad prototype).

We present results of the technology, manufacturing and first tests of a novel MCP-based sector prototype for the forward multiplicity detector for the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The detector provides better than sqrt(M)/M resolution for high multiplicity events, and about 50ps timing resolution. Two sector MCPs are mounted on a 200μm ceramics board with the multipad readout integrated with a passive summator. The setup is baked under 300°C and then sealed into a thin wall (200μm) stainless-steel vacuum sector chamber with a Ti getter keeping a vacuum of 10−5Torr. A new technology of Al coating is applied in order to reduce the hydrogen leakage through the chamber walls. New multichannel ceramics feedthroughs were also developed for the signal readout and voltage supply. The results of the first in-lab and in-beam tests are discussed.

The present experiment indicates that oligopeptides are easily produced in solid state from mixtures of simple amino acids by irradiating with high energy charged particles. We investigated such amino acids and their mixtures as tryptophan, tyrosine and glycine. The thin films was irradiated with protons (6.6 MeV). Such dipeptides as Trp-Trp, Gly-Tyr, Tyr-Gly, and Tyr-Tyr have been detected as products of irradiation. Cosmic rays might be an effective energy source for abiotic formation of bioorganic compounds on the surface of small bodies in the solar system on early stage of formation of planets as well as at present day.

The properties of hot atomic microimpurities (57.58Co, 54Mn) in cyclotron metallic targets were investigated using the reaction 55Mn + α with emission Mossbauer spectroscopy employed to estimate the electronic state of the hot atoms. γ-Radiation self-absorption and sectioning methods were used to define the diffusion coefficients at 670–1200 K. The position of the 57Co atoms in the manganese lattice after irradiation and subsequent heating at the temperature of polymorphic α → β manganese (1000 K) transformations was established. Rapid diffusion of cobalt atoms at the polymorphic α → β manganese transformation was revealed. The radiochemical behaviour of 57,58Co, 54Mn after target dissolution was studied. The conclusion arrived at is that hot impurity atoms are a very effective tool in investigations of metallic cyclotron targets.

Results of a novel 153Gd production method are presented. The high radioisotopic purity (99.97%) 153Gd is obtained without radiochemical separation after cooling the Eu2O3 target irradiated by α-particles.

Results of a novel Gd-153 production method are presented. The high radioisotopic purity (99.97%) Gd-153 is obtained without radiochemical separation after cooling the Eu2O3 target irradiated by alpha-particles.

Excitation functions of the elastic scattering alpha+S-34, S-36 has been measured at beam energies E(alpha)=12.56-15.00 MeV. Strongly fluctuating large cross sections in backward angles have been observed. Angular distributions were measured in the range theta(lab) = 98-degrees - 173-degrees for fourteen energies, and many of them turned out to be dominated by one exclusive angular-momentum value, a behaviour typical for resonance scattering.

Excitation functions of the elastic scattering α+34,36S has been measured at beam energies E α =12.56–15.00 MeV. Strongly fluctuating large cross sections in backward angles have been observed. Angular distributions were measured in the range θ lab =98°–173° for fourteen energies, and many of them turned out to be dominated by one exclusive angular-momentum value, a behaviour typical for resonance scattering.