In 2019, a group of previously unknown mounds with “mustaches” was discovered in the north of the Kulunda steppe. They are quite unusual: all of the mounds are ground and located on floodplains. In 2023, a set of remote sensing methods (aerial photography, electromagnetic profiling, and electrical resistivity tomography) was used at Karasuk-1 and Troitskoye-1 to assess the design of the mounds and see if additional features were present on their periphery. For this type of structure, geophysical methods were employed for the first time. Maps based on aerial photography data have made it possible to record the relief features of objects in high detail. Troitskoye-1 consists of five rather than four mounds. Using the electrical tomography method, the composition of the mound platforms was shown to be homogeneous. On geoelectric sections, they correspond to conductive areas ca 0.5 m thick. At both sites, the central mounds do not have “walls” on the eastern side. Apparently, no removal of soil was carried out on that side, in order to provide access to the ritual areas from the space enclosed by the “mustaches”. According to the results of aerial photography, at Karasuk-1 cup-shaped depressions were discovered on the surface of the western ends of the “mustaches”. They can be tentatively associated with the design of the mounds. The northern “mustache” is markedly broken. No additional features were identified inside or near the mounds. The results suggest that both complexes were built at the same time and are autonomous.

A series of low-voltage thyristor current switches based on (Al)GaAs/GaAs homo- and heterostructures with a volume charge region formed in the lightly doped p-GaAs base layer have been developed. The transient processes characteristics in pulse generation mode of nanosecond duration have been studied. It has been shown that the use of a wide-bandgap barrier based on AlGaAs at the n‑emitter/p-base junction allows reducing the minimum control current amplitude from 30 to 3 mA, and the turn-on delay time can be shortened to 6 ns. For the developed thyristor switches, a minimum transition time of 3.7–3.9 ns was demonstrated when operating in a circuit with a 1 nF capacitive load. In a circuit with a nominal 1 Ω resistive load, the thyristor switches provided a peak current of 17.5 A with a pulse duration of 3.7 ns.

In the scope of a computational experiment, high-contrast gratings (HCG) formed on a silicon- on-insulator (SOI) platform within vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) were studied for multispectral laser sources. A simulation model for spectral characteristics calculation is proposed, which includes two heterogeneously integrated parts of the VCSEL: 1) the lower output mirror based on a HCG grating in the silicon layer of the SOI surrounded by air cavities to enhance the contrast of the HCG; 2) the semiconductor VCSEL structure with an air aperture for current and optical confinement. Comparative analysis results of the spectral characteristics of VCSEL-SOI structures for zeroth, first, and second-order modes, which can be excited in the air aperture of the VCSEL, are presented. It is demonstrated that the HCG, acting as one of the cavity mirrors, effectively discriminates the VCSEL higher-order modes. An algorithm for calculating HCG parameters that ensure the maximum reflectivity at a fixed thickness of the silicon layer of the SOI is developed.

The study investigates microstripe bars of optically isolated single-mode lasers based on heterostructures with double asymmetry, operating under sub-nanosecond current pulse pumping conditions. For microstripe bars with different filling densities of the emitting aperture, the effect of time delay dispersion of various stripes’ turn-on is demonstrated, with a maximum difference up to 50 ps. The developed microstripe bar designs demonstrate stable zero mode lasing. The microstripe bar consisting of 10 stripes with a 6 μm width and a stripe period of 20 μm demonstrates pulses with a peak power of 3 W and a duration of 140 ps under 0.4 ns current pulses pumping.

Radiative characteristics of microstripe laser diode bar in an external resonator based on an aspherical lens and a flat dielectric mirror were Investigated. The bar had total emitting aperture of 185 μm, formed by 10 stripes with a width of 6 μm separated by mesa-grooves. Operation in the external resonator of the entire emitting aperture was characterized by a multimode generation regime with a peak power of 3 W/6 A. Selection of lateral modal structures and transition to a single-mode regime is possible by limiting the number of stripes involved in optical feedback. Dependences of optical mode reconfiguration were studied by introducing limiting slits into the external cavity. It was shown that limiting the emitting aperture involved in the feedback to 65 μm allows us to demonstrate high-order single-mode operation with far-field divergence for the central lobe of 1°.

The results of experimental studies on semiconductor heterostructures with InGaAs quantum wells $\mathbf{(} \mathbf{9 8 0}-\mathbf{9 9 5 n m}$) grown by selective MOCVD epitaxy are presented. It is shown that the wavelength of photoluminescence varies across the window and depends on the thickness of the waveguide layer.

We describe the skeletal remains ofa male, aged 25-30, from the Neolithic burial 33 at Krokhalevka-5 in the Upper Ob basin, 21 km northwest of Novosibirsk, dating to the mid-5th millennium BC. Craniometric, dental metric, and nonmetric traits are analyzed. Cranial measurements are evaluated in the context of their variation in 58 individuals representing11 local populations of the Paleolithic and Neolithic ofNorthern Eurasia. Data were processed using the principal component analysis in the STATISTICA 10 software. The first PC differentiates crania in terms of general size. The structure of loadings on PC2 indicates the presence of western and eastern trait combinations. The position of individuals on PC1 and PC2 reveals heterogeneity apparently caused by the conservatism of the underlying substratal populations. The Krokhalevka-5 individual is closest to those from Firsovo XI (Barnaul stretch of the Ob) and Zarechnoye-1 (Salair region). They are rather similar to the Volosovo individual from Sakhtysh-2A in Central Russia and a Kitoy individual from Fofanovo in the Trans-Baikal area. These findings point to a complex origin of the Upper Ob population on the basis of one of the evolutionarily conservative Mesolithic or Neolithic substratal components, possibly admixed with more consolidated eastern and western ones introduced by migration. Neolithic crania from Baraba contrast with those from the Upper Ob, suggesting that different substrates were involved in the population history of those regions.

Photo- and electroluminescence in p–i–n structures with compensated GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells have been studied. Two structures with different doping profiles were studied: with spatial separation of donors and acceptors (donors are localized in quantum wells, while acceptors are localized in barriers) and without it (both donors and acceptors are localized in quantum wells). The studies were carried out in the near-IR range at helium temperatures. Luminescence lines due to electron transitions from donor states to the first heavy-hole subband (D–hh1) and from the first electron subband to acceptor states (e1–A) have been identified. At large electric currents, the near-IR lasing due to these transitions was observed in the electroluminescence spectra. It has been found that the integrated lasing intensity related to the D–hh1 transitions in the structure without a spatial separation of donors and acceptors was three times higher than in the structure with the spatial separation. It is these transitions that ensure effective depletion of donor levels, which is important for the donor-assisted terahertz emission at e1–D electron transitions. The results of the work can be used in the development of electrically pumped terahertz emitters.

The paper analyzes artefacts from the Late Neolithic child burial of the Ust-Zelinda-2 site (Ust-Ilimsk District, Irkutsk Region, Russia). Some features of the burial practice (burial in a pit, secondary burial, manipulation with a skull, burial with an animal) and a rather diverse set of grave goods allow to consider the grave as a complex with traces of a non-typical handling of child’s remains. The central place in the complex was given to a paddle carved from moose antler. It was placed in the “belly” area of the buried. Technical-technological analysis, wear traces as well as ethnographic examples of Siberian ritual attributes allow to consider it as a shamanic beater. Analysis of the position of the moose teeth in the burial suggests, hypothetically, the existence of another shamanic item - a tambourine, where teeth played the role of sound pendants, as well as allows to reconstruct its shape and dimensions. A research of internal features of ethnographic tambourines suggested an evolution line of sound pendants in tambourines from animal teeth to metal items. A complex analysis of all data defined the buried child as a person with special social status and the set of grave goods as the child’s heritage. At present time, this set of shamanic attributes is the earliest one in the Baikal Region and dates to the middle — the second part of IV Millennium BC.

Here we present information about new ritual complex of ancient steppe nomads the «kurgans with a “moustache”» type. The paper presents the main characteristics of such structures from the Kazakh-South Ural area - the main place of their localization and lists the main historiographic issues related to their study. The Troitskoye-1 object discovered by the authors is in the northern part of the Kulunda steppe, originally identified by analyzing satellite images. The article describes the landscape situation, the structure of the complex, morphological features, and dimensions of the main elements of the site. The floodplain location of the complex, as well as a number of other similar objects in Northern Kulund, explains, in the authors' opinion, their relatively late archaeological fixation.

The article presents the first results of a study of a sample of ceramics from the burial ground and the settlement of Krokhalevka-5, 11 (north of the Upper Ob region). The studies were carried out within the framework of the historical and cultural approach according to the method of A.A. Bobrinsky. The main task was to determine the specifics of cultural traditions in the selection of raw materials, the preparation of molding masses, the features of the working edge of ornaments by their imprints and a comparative analysis of the data obtained. The study was conducted of 22 specimens, belonging to five cultural and chronological groups of the Neolithic — Bronze Age: Kiprinskaya, Krokhalevskaya, Odinovskaya and Krotovskaya, the fifth group combines ceramics with an unclear cultural attribution of the early — developed Bronze Age. Most of the fragments come from open or conditionally closed (pits, ditch) archaeological contexts, and most oft en from the soil layer. It has been established that for the manufacture of ceramics, ferruginous clays with different amounts of natural sand impurities were used. 8 recipes for the composition of molding masses have been recorded. Clay + grus + organic solution prevails. The local traditions include the addition of crushed stone, and the brought ones — fireclay. In the earliest ceramic groups of the site, an unusual tradition of adding animal hair was revealed, which has analogies on the sites of the northern foothills of the Altai and other territories in the Neolithic and Early Bronze Ages. The highest degree of similarity was noted for the Kiprinskaya and Krokhalevskaya vessels with ceramic complexes of the northern foothills of the Altai, the Upper Ob region and the north of the Kulunda steppe, both in terms of the composition of the molding masses and the tools for applying the ornament. The data obtained are of great importance for the characterization of the ceramic complexes of the Neolithic — Early Bronze Age in Siberia.

The effect of the active region design on the vertical far-field divergence is studied for high-power laser diodes based on asymmetric heterostructures with a 4-μm thick waveguide and active region designs based on single (SQW) and double (DQW) InGaAs quantum wells. It is shown that the number of quantum wells has a significant effect on the divergence determined by the angle with the 95

В статье приводятся первые результаты исследования выборки керамики могильника и поселения Крохалёвка-5, 11 (север Верхнего Приобья). Исследования проведены в рамках историко-культурного подхода по методике А.А. Бобринского. Основная задача заключалась в определении специфики культурных традиций в отборе исходного сырья, подготовке формовочных масс, особенностей рабочего края орнаментиров по их отпечаткам и сравнительном анализе полученных данных. Изучено 22 образца, относящихся к пяти культурно-хронологическим группам периода неолита — бронзы: кипринская, крохалёвская, одиновская и кротовская, пятая группа объединяет керамику с неясной культурной атрибуцией ранней — развитой бронзы. Большинство фрагментов происходят из открытых или условно закрытых (ямы, ров) археологических контекстов, а чаще всего — из грунтового слоя. Установлено, что для изготовления керамики использовались ожелезненные глины с разным количеством естественной примеси песка. Зафиксировано восемь рецептов составления формовочных масс. Преобладает рецепт глина + дресва + органический раствор. К местным традициям относится добавление дробленого камня, к принесенным — шамота. В наиболее ранних керамических группах памятника выявлена необычная традиция добавления шерсти животных, имеющая аналогии на памятниках северных предгорий Алтая и других территориях в эпоху неолита и ранней бронзы. Наиболее высокая степень сходства отмечена для кипринских и крохалёвских сосудов c керамическими комплексами северных предгорий Алтая, Верхнего Приобья и севера Кулундинской степи, как по составу формовочных масс, так и по инструментам для нанесения орнамента. Полученные данные имеют большое значение для характеристики керамических комплексов эпохи неолита — ранней бронзы Сибири.

В научный оборот вводятся новые материалы неолитических комплексов двух могильников Северного Приангарья, исследованных в 2012 г. в ходе работ Богучанской археологической экспедиции. Памятники расположены на устьевом участке р. Зелинды — правого притока Ангары. На стоянке Усть-Зелинда-1 выявлено два захоронения, на стоянке Усть-Зелинда-2 -пять. В статье приведено описание сохранившихся остатков погребений, охарактеризован погребальный ритуал, проанализированы радиоуглеродные даты, полученные по антропологическому материалу. На основе сравнительного анализа предметов материальной культуры установлено, что часть захоронений соответствует погребальным традициям исаковской культуры. Указаны основные признаки ритуальных действий — использование «охры», положение погребенного в позе «вытянуто на спине», головой на Ю — вверх по течению Ангары. Радиоуглеродные калиброванные значения возраста, нюансы ритуальной практики, типологические характеристики и состав инвентаря, а также особенности размещения могил на территории каждого памятника позволили выделить три хронологические группы погребений в рамках 7499-5583 кал. л.н. (5550-3634 кал. гг. до н.э.). Определено, что радиоуглеродная дата захоронений третьей хронологической группы (5718-5583 кал. л.н. (3769-3634 кал. гг. до н.э.)), следы погребальной практики и инвентарь находят аналогии в поздненеолитических погребениях исаковской культуры Южного Приангарья. Отмечено, что захоронения второй, наиболее многочисленной, хронологической группы (7157-6555 кал. л.н. (5208-4606 кал. гг. до н.э.)) имеют некоторые черты сходства с классической исаковской погребальной традицией. Дата погребения (безынвентарное) первой хронологической группы 7499-7317 кал. л.н. (5550-5368 кал. гг. до н.э.). В работе выдвигается гипотеза о формировании «протоисаковских» традиций в Северном Приангарье и их более позднем появлении в Южном Приангарье.

Представлены результаты сравнительного комплексного исследования патологического развития костной и зубной систем у индивидов из погребений позднекротовской и андроновской (федоровской) культур эпохи развитой бронзы на юге Западной Сибири. Этот период характеризуется расширением ареала носителей степных традиций андроновской историко-культурной общности в Северной и Центральной Азии, в т.ч. в лесостепь. Изучены изменения внутренней структуры костной ткани на большеберцовых костях (линии Гарриса) и зубные патологии (гипоплазия эмали, кариес). Для фиксации нарушений нормального развития костной ткани использовалось цифровое рентгенографическое оборудование. В выборку включены представители разных половозрастных групп обеих культур из материалов крупнейшего некрополя региона Тартас-1 (Барабинская лесостепь). Линии Гарриса и гипоплазия эмали возникают под действием широкого спектра факторов (инфекционные болезни, периодическое голодание, травмы, авитаминоз и пр.). Кариес отражает увеличение в рационе углеводной составляющей и общий низкий уровень гигиены полости рта. Время формирования каждой из этих патологий различно, что позволяет предполагать неблагоприятные факторы, влияющие на развитие человека в детский, подростковый (линии Гарриса и гипопалазия) и взрослый (кариес) периоды жизни. Выявлены различия в частотах и сочетаниях патологий у представителей позднекротовской и андроновской популяций. В андроновской выборке ниже частота гипоплазии, что указывает на меньшую долю стресса в детском возрасте, а в позднекротовской — линий Гарриса, что может свидетельствовать о низком уровне стресса в подростковый период. Статистические различия в проявлении анализируемых патологий у обеих групп предварительно связываются с различными моделями хозяйственно-культурной адаптации.

This article analyzes Medieval production ground structures at the Tashara 3 site located on the right bank of the Ob River (on the border of Tomsk and Novosibirsk Regions). These archaeological objects were excavated by E.M. Evteeva and V.A. Sumin in 1994 (270 sq. m). In terms of morphological, stratigraphic, and planigraphic features, the archaeological structures represent funnel-shape pits partly covered by redeposited soil. Calcined spots and remains of charred wooden structural elements were found in the upper part of pits’ filling. The main component of filling was ashy layer. The sizes of the structures were 3.14-3.4 x 2.94 x 1.1—1.8 m. Additional small pits remaining from a canopy-like structure were found near the larger pits. Finds in the pits are rare. However, pottery fragments have made it possible to attribute structures 1 and 2 to the Middle—Late Upper Ob culture (6th — 9th centuries AD). General description of dry wood pyrolysis and earliest methods of tar production in pits, which are known from historical and technological literature, as well as comparative archaeological evidence on structures 1 and 2 at the Tashara-3 site are provided. The hypothesis on the use of these structures as pits for producing tar of coniferous wood species is suggested. The resulting products could have been in demand among the local Medieval population of the Upper Ob culture for veterinary and medicinal purposes, exchange, and for ensuring land and river communications which, according to various sources, ran in the northern part of the Upper Ob River basin.

В статье представлены результаты комплексного исследования курганного могильника Новая Курья-1 (юг Западной Сибири) с помощью дистанционных методов, включающих аэрофотосъемку, наземную магнитометрию, высокоточную аэромагнитную съемку, электромагнитное профилирование и электротомографию. При обработке данных использованы оригинальные методики по построению карт относительного рельефа и инверсии данных разновысотной наземной магнитной съемки. Первая из них снижает влияние естественного рельефа местности и подчеркивает высотные аномалии, связанные с деятельностью человека, что повышает эффективность анализа цифровой модели рельефа. Вторая позволяет оценить мощность и глубину залегания аномальных магнитных тел или горизонтов, предоставляя не только планиграфическую информацию, но и возможность оценки двух- и трехмерной геометрии исследуемых объектов. В результате проведенных исследований в составе могильника выявлено не менее 14 курганов, шесть из которых не имеют выраженных рельефных признаков. Особенности строения позволяют отнести большинство из них к раннескифскому времени (VIII—V вв. до н.э.). По итогам интерпретации данных, полученных высокопроизводительными методами с использованием беспилотных технологий, позволивших провести съемку большой площади (ок. 25 га), дана оценка границ памятника. Обнаружено несколько объектов, для идентификации которых требуется провести дополнительные исследования.

This article describes the results of integrated archaeological-geophysical works at the Novaya Kurya-1 burial ground in the Northern Kulunda Steppe. The strategy for archaeological research in 2021 was based on the geomagnetic map of the site compiled in 2019. Archaeological study continued the search for the Bronze Age objects and attempted to clarify the chronology of the burial ground. Main excavation pits were made in the southern part of the site above the group of three lined up geomagnetic anomalies (trench 1) and above the completely evened up burial mound which repeated the structure of large objects of the burial mound - the central grave and round ditch - in small scale (trench 3). A completely destroyed child burial of the Early Iron Age was studied in trench 3, and seven graves which were preliminary attributed to the late Early Iron Age - Early Middle Ages were studied in trench 1. A ceramic pot, stone abrasives, and wood and birch bark remains of the interior elements of burial chambers were discovered in the graves in trench 1. Composition and scarcity of burial objects do not make it possible to clarify the dates of complexes without using radiocarbon dating. Archaeological observations and aerial photography indicate that mounds were present over both complexes, which were completely or partly destroyed by plowing. Comparison of the archaeological-geophysical data reveal clear correlation between the total volume of humified soil in the filling of the grave pits and amplitude of magnetic anomalies. Magnetic susceptibility of soils and underlying rocks measured in the trenches was 65-85*10-5 SI units and 25-35*10-5 SI units, respectively. The contrast between these values was sufficient for generating distinct anomalies above archaeological objects. Their amplitude values reached 10-12 nT at the Novaya Kurya-1 site. Results of inversed data ofprofile magnetic survey which were made at four altitude levels (trench 1) show that the simulated depth where the archaeological objects were supposed to occur, was close to actual depth.

В позднекротовской части памятника Тартас-1 произведена выборка антропологического материала взрослого населения (n=22) для анализа соотношения изотопного содержания углерода (δ13С) и азота (δ15N) с целью определения белковой структуры диеты населения. Планиграфический анализ позволил условно разделить могильник на две части – северную и южную. В результате определено, что структура питания индивидуумов позднекротовской культуры из могильника Тартас-1 в целом основана на рыбе и мясе местных травоядных животных. Для части мужчин разных возрастных групп из северной части некрополя и для молодых женщин из южной планиграфической группы допускается вероятность потребления в последние годы их жизни продуктов (мясных и/или молочных) от травоядных животных более южного происхождения. Для мужчин такой характер связей предварительно оценивается как признаки достаточно длительных контактов с южными группами скотоводческих коллективов. В случае с молодыми женщинами эти связи могли отражать брачные контакты с южными соседями.