The origin and depositional setting of dolomites remain a complex and debated topic. In the Indus Basin Pakistan, the dolomites in Jutana Formation form a thick sequence within the Cambrian stratigraphy. The current study investigates the detailed depositional setting as well as the mineralogical composition of dolomites in the Jutana Formation to provide insight into their origin. The study focuses on integrating the microfacies and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with X-ray diffraction (XRD) data along with Wireline logs of Jutana Formation in Khewra Gorge, Eastern Salt Range. Based on field and petrographic observations, four microfacies were identified including (a) siliciclastic algal laminated dolomitic breccia (MJD-1), (b) burrowed sandy ferroan dolomicrite (MJD-2), (c) in-situ medium-coarse grained dolomicrite-dolosparite (MJD-3), (d) fine grained micaceous dolosparite (MJD-4). The microfacies analysis reveals that the deposition of the Jutana Formation is primary on carbonate platform in peritidal environments, ranging from supratidal to subtidal. Digenesis has obliterated most of the primary depositional features, making the interpretation of the original depositional setting challenging. The XRD analysis suggests that these dolomites are nearly stoichiometric and less ordered, indicating an early diagenetic setting, further supported by the presence of anhydrite seen under the SEM. The original depositional setting on the carbonate platform is also supported by cross plot graph wireline logs.

The Neoproterozoic Bhander Group, the youngest and most widely distributed group of Upper Vindhyans, consists of about 1000 m thick succession of sandstone, shale, and limestone. Petrographic investigations reveal that the Bhander Sandstones are mineralogically mature and classified as quartzarenite and sublitharenite type, which is composed of varieties of quartz with scarcity of feldspar, lithic fragments, micas, and heavy minerals. The average framework composition of the Lower Bhander Sandstone is Qt(98.68)F(0.10)L(1.22,) and Upper Bhander Sandstone is Qt(95.92)F(0.12)L(3.96). The provenance, tectonic setting and diagenesis of Bhander Sandstones are evaluated using integrated petrographic studies. Analysis reveals detrital derivation from granitic and metamorphic Precambrian basement source rocks of a craton interior with a minor quartzose recycled sedimentary rock. A scarcity of feldspar and lithic fragments suggests intense chemical weathering in a warm and humid paleoclimate. The diagenetic processes recognised include compaction, cementation, and dissolution, affecting the sandstone porosity, thereby directly affecting reservoir quality. Mechanical compaction, cements, authigenic clays, and dissolution and modification of unstable clastic grains are the major diagenetic components identified based on the framework grain-cement relationships. Compaction was more effective than cementation in affecting primary porosity. Cementation decreased porosity and permeability drastically. Kaolinite and silica (quartz) overgrowth are found as pore-filling and lining cements. Kaolinite fills pore spaces, reducing the porosity and permeability. Secondary porosity developed as a result of partial to complete feldspar dissolution. The diagenetic signatures observed in the Bhander Sandstones are suggestive of deep burial conditions. The reservoir quality of the studied sandstones is degraded by authigenic clay minerals and cementations but enhanced by the alteration and dissolution of unstable grains.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the general public’s awareness of medicine information, safety, and adverse drug reactions in Quetta, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using random sampling from April 2020 to April 2021 in Quetta. Samples were collected from respondents who met the inclusion criteria and had visited community pharmacies. The analysis was done using SPSS version 23. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess factors associated with good knowledge. Results: Multivariate analysis revealed that purchase on prescription was a determining factor of knowledge regarding knowledge of pharmaceutical products and their provided information, medicines usage and safety, and Medication ADRs. Patients who bought medicines on prescriptions were more likely to have better knowledge. Patients having education were more likely to have better knowledge. Conclusion: Public awareness about medicine information, safety, and the information provided by manufacturers is crucial to ensuring that patients have access to accurate information about their medications and can make informed decisions about their health. Healthcare providers and regulatory bodies must work together to improve access to information and promote safe medication practices.

Petrographic, and petrofacies investigations were performed on thirty-three samples of medium to fine-grained (mostly fine), moderately to well-sorted sandstone from Bathonian Badabagh Member, Jaisalmer Formation, western Rajasthan, India. The grains are sub-angular to sub-rounded in shape, with some well-rounded quartz grains. The framework composition of sandstone consists mostly of monocrystalline and polycrystalline quartz, low- to high-grade metamorphic and sedimentary rock fragments, as well as subordinate feldspar with low plagioclase to total feldspar ratios and accessory minerals. Petrographic investigations reveal that sandstones from the Badabagh Member of the Jaisalmer Formation are dominantly quartz-arenite with a subordinate amount of sub-litharenite to sub-arkose. The sandstones have abundant metamorphic and sedimentary rock fragments having the former supersede the latter, which is derived from a continental block, recycled orogen provenance of quartzose lithic terrains under tropical humid climate as indicated by weathering index which signifies the moderate hills to low plains relief. The majority of the quartz in the sandstones is undulatory, indicating provenance with lower and middle-upper rank metamorphic affinity. Corroboration of paleocurrent data along with petrographical and sedimentological studies suggests that the Badabagh Member sandstone was predominantly derived from the rocks of Aravalli Delhi Fold Belt (ADFB) and Malani Igneous Suites, which is located to the south and southeast of the basin.

Chemopreventive properties of resveratrol has been studied for decades. Despite its potential for chemotherapeutic advancement, the compound has pharmaceutical limitations, such as, the drug has a poor pharmacokinetic profile and low bioavailability. Studies have comforting results that that the nano-formulations may aid the future resveratrol drug development. Resveratrol can also be encapsulated as co-drug with an anticipation of gaining improved targeting and pharmacokinetic parameters, as well as achieving desired therapeutic plasma levels. It has been envisaged that the nanoformulations can also address the issue of drug accumulation, which may lead to hepatotoxicity. Nanoformulations can bring a major improvement in the bioavailability of resveratrol but still the formulation still suffers with pharmacokinetics issues clinically. This review encompasses the pharmacokinetics barriers associated with resveratrol and a possible suggestion to overcome those barriers for improving absorbance, reducing toxicity andimproving the drug releaseand encapsulation efficiency. The article also suggest that co-administration of resveratrol with chemotherapeutic drugsmust be tested in vivo on a wide range of cancers to avoid accidental proliferation exacerbation. The review's focusses on the resveratrol formulation and make suggestions for improvements in order to overcome the pharmacokinetic and toxicity issues.

The largest and most complex organ of the body, the skin, has long been studied as a route for drug delivery for both local and systemic effects. Iontophoresis can be defined as the application of low-level current (≤0.50 mA/cm2) to facilitate the permeation of both charged and neutral molecules across the skin. Iontophoretic drug delivery has wide applications in dermatological skin disorders such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and alopecia. Iontophoretic drug delivery is currently also being explored for transpapillary and suprachoroidal delivery of drugs.

: Epilepsy is known as one of the major challenges for medical science. The sudden appearance of a seizure has been a significant health emergency as it may lead to further complications. Although key advancements have been achieved in terms of pharmacological approaches for epilepsy, many issues remain uncertain. Lipid carriers have been at the forefront, especially in neurodegenerative diseases, such as epilepsy, Alzheimer’s, dementia, etc. The blood-brain barrier still appears to be a major impediment in the successful treatment of epileptic seizures. This is mainly due to the limited bioavailability of most anti-convulsant drugs. The present review encompasses the issues underlying the current approach for epilepsy drug treatment and highlights the newer, novel, and more precise drug delivery system to manage seizures. The advantage of using a lipidbased delivery system is its superior absorption in the brain cells. Ample evidence shows that reducing the particle size also infuses the drug easily through the blood-brain barrier. The application of liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, and solid lipid nanoparticles for the treatment and management of epilepsy has been highlighted in the present review. This review provides an overview of the current status of the treatment and recent advances in the treatment of epilepsy.

Here we present the stratigraphic architecture and carbonate platform evolution of the Middle Permian (Capitanian) succession (Wargal Formation) of Trans‐Indus Ranges, central Pakistan. The exposed carbonate sequence consists of thin‐ to thick‐bedded bioclastic, nodular, fine‐grained, and sandy limestone. Based on detailed petrographic studies, seven microfacies assemblages have been recognized, suggesting diverse depositional environments including mudflats, lagoon, sand shoal, and middle shelf. The identified age‐diagnostic larger benthic foraminiferal species enabled to assign a Middle Permian (Capitanian) age to the studied section of the Wargal Formation. Based on the vertical arrangements of depositional environments in time, three Transgressive Systems Tracts (TSTs), two Regressive Systems Tracts (RSTs), and 11 high‐resolution fourth/fifth‐order parasequences were delineated. The depositional and sequence stratigraphic analyses of the studied section inferred evolution of the Middle Permian carbonate platform in three stages: (i) marginal marine facies development in the lower part followed by (ii) transitional stage in the middle part, and (iii) finally, aggrading shallow marine facies stage in the upper part. The evolution of carbonate platform can be linked with the cessation of major rifting followed by thermal cooling and establishment of marine Tethyan settings at the margin of the rift flank basin. The diverse facies variation in the second stage of platform evolution argues strongly for the local intra‐plate stresses. Based on petrographic, SEM, and EDS studies, it is concluded that the studied section of Wargal Formation carries porosity values from a range of 2–8% with an average of 5% and can be called a low to moderate hydrocarbon reservoir in the study area.

Applications of the Hall device into both the biological and engineering domains have been investigated in the current study. A complex peristaltic driven flow of a viscoelastic fluid is considered through a non-uniform regime having wavy walls under the magnetic and Hall effects. The physical influences of magnetic and Hall parameters on different rheological features of biomimetic propulsion in the wave frame are highlighted in details. Due to the complex nature of the flow regime, the curvilinear coordinates are used in the derivation of continuity and momentum equations. The flow analysis is based on creeping phenomena and long wavelength approximations. Analytical solutions of the governing equations are difficult to obtain due to complicated and complex mathematical form of partial differential equations. Numerical solutions of the governing equations are obtained with the help of the versatile BVP4C command in MATLAB software. The main objective of the current study is to observe the physical behavior of embedded parameters such as dimensionless radius of curvature, Hartmann number (magnetic parameter), Hall parameter, phase difference, non-uniform parameter, and viscoelastic (time relaxation and retardation) parameters on the axial velocity, stream function, pressure gradient, pumping, and trapping phenomena. Moreover, the comparison between viscous and viscoelastic fluids has been argued in detail through graphs. This research work provides comprehensive information about the magnetic and Hall devices, respectively, that are more productive to control the flow of biological fluids through the non-uniform nature of vessels. This study has numerous applications in micro-scale devices of biomedical and industrial domains, cooling systems in nuclear power stations, magnetic therapy, hydrology, physiological drug delivery systems, blood pumping, and micro devices used during surgical treatments.

This study deals with the diagenetic history of the Pachmarhi Sandstones of Satpura Gondwana Basin, Central India. The sandstones are classified as quartz-arenite and sub-arkose type. Monocrystalline quartz grains dominate the detrital mineralogy followed by polycrystalline quartz grains, feldspars (more alkali-feldspar than plagioclase), rock fragments, detrital mica and heavy minerals. The diagenetic signatures observed in the Pachmarhi Sandstones include mechanical compaction, cementation (Fe-oxide, quartz overgrowths, calcite, matrix and clay minerals), replacement and dissolution of feldspar and calcite cement. The most commonly observed type of secondary porosity is dissolution of feldspars. The porosity loss is mainly due to cementation by pore occlusion and by early stage of mechanical compaction. In addition, several clay minerals occurred as pore-filling and pore-lining cements. The nature of various types of grain- to grain contacts suggests early cementation and consequent minor compaction. Among the various cements, calcite is the earliest followed by iron oxide while silica cementation occurred probably at a late stage. The carbonate cement formed during burial by dissolution and re-precipitation represents redistributed calcite which was buried with the sandstone. The iron cement was perhaps derived from weathering and leaching of ferromagnesian minerals of overlying Deccan traps. Silica cement was derived from the corrosion of quartz and feldspar grains. Types of grain contacts, minus-cement porosity and porosity reduction indicate a shallow depth of burial conditions for these sandstones.

Cancer and tumor have been major reasons for numerous deaths in this century across the world. Many strategies have been designed to treat, diagnose, or prevent cancer. The success of chemotherapy largely depends on drug targeting. The advent of nanotechnology has vastly improved drug delivery for targeting and diagnosis. Nevertheless, the accuracy of drug targeting with polymeric nanoparticles has always been questionable. The polymeric nanoparticles synthesized from varieties of lipid-based compounds or combined with vectors, such as liposomes, ethosomes, and transfersomes, may allow the drug to overcome the issue of resistance to drug absorption in biological membranes. The combined effects of lipid-based nanocarriers are known to improve the efficacy and accuracy of polymeric nanoparticles. The present review explores the application of lipid based nanocarriers in the treatment and diagnosis of cancer A special focus is given to the use of lipid-based nanocarriers in the treatment, diagnosis, and mitigation of cancer located in blood, brain, lung, and colon. The treatment of these cancers has always been questionable as the chances of relapse are very high. The review encompasses the use of lipid-based nanocarriers in targeting tissue-specific cancer cells.

The electrical energy storage is an factor which plays an important role from the era of electrical energy generation. The only option available for storage for a very long period were different form of electro-chemical energy storage device known as battery. But now an amalgamation of electrostatic device with chemical element is available for storage known as Ultra-capacitor (UC). Both the devices store the electrical energy in DC. The battery have high energy density while the UC have high power density. In case of smart grid the energy generated is varying due to the different environment conditions. This varying of energy supply from the smart grid to the battery and from the battery to the load reduces the reliability of the system. The Hybrid Energy Storage system (HESS) can provide reliability by providing the energy to the load from battery and UC. An electric vehicle (EV) is the emerging trend in automobile sector. HES installed in EV will increase the reliability of the vehicle energy storage system. The simulation results provided validates the above statement by providing the power for a 2 kW load with transients in it.

With increasing demands for automotive solutions and thereby environment impacting elements, a sustainable alternative is a must. Conventional automobiles lack sustainability perspectives and require depleting fossil fuels for operation. On the other hand, a centralized power grid requires large ancillary services (ASs) to provide unbalanced demand-supply ratios. One of the important AS can be provided by electric vehicles (EVs), which can prove as a sustainable solution too. With the increasing popularity of EVs to provide sustainable AS, we propose a novel topology of ultracapacitor-Lithium ion battery hybrid to achieve dash charging for EVs. It can thereby avoid large congestions at the charging station and a meaningful AS when required. Computer simulations provide validity to the proposed idea as compared to some standard results in the literature.

In this research paper, we deal with the solution of damage to the lower frame of automobile, especially for sport cars. A special type of Hydraulic lift system (HLS) is used to lift the car where needed. A wireless network of sensors will detect the distance inclined angle from a certain point of car to the road surface. Whenever the distance of vehicle from road surface is become lower or greater than a defined limit, the control circuit unit (CU) will activate the hydraulic lift system to avoid damage to the car. We have discussed some more techniques to resolve the issue more effectively by introducing the full automated hydraulic lift system . The proposed strategy is more effective for the developing countries, whereas the technology limitations are available such (No GPS, net connectivity are slower). While, we used distance sensors to detect the distance with the surface of road.

Abdullah Khan, Aman Vats Research Scholar with Amity School of Communication, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India, Associate Professor with Amity School of Communication, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract : Through this article, the authors critically examine the media freedom and autonomy in India. The paper seeks to scrutinize the recent trends in media ownership in India and their impact on media pluralism and journalistic autonomy. This study has been carried out using issue analysis method using different points of view on Indian media's autonomy and freedom.

Objective: This study aims at mapping the big data landscape in India and scrutinizing the challenges and opportunities in it. The blueprint of size, rate of growth of this sector and infrastructural challenges will enhance the knowledge on Indian Big Data Landscape. Methods: This study has been carried out using issue analysis method using different points of view on India’s big data Landscape. This method is suitable for the analysis of ongoing processes. As India’s Big data landscape is still growing and is facing infrastructural and policy level challenges, issue analysis method is perfect for analyzing the state of the art, challenges and opportunities. Findings: The study finds that India’s big data landscape is facing severe security challenges. Information security in Indian cyberspace is critically low and needs to address urgently. The Information Security Policy of India has serious limitations and it needs to be improved. Users and Usage aspect of big data is also not clear at policy level. This study suggests for change in policy at five levels: 1. Data Management level, 2. Users’ right level, 3. Responsibility level, 4. Infrastructural level and 5. Contradiction level. By adopting these policies only Indian Big data landscape can bring new opportunities and the cyber security will be safeguarded. Applications/Improvements: This study has scope of advancements at micro-level, on how to safeguard cyber security using state of the art technologies in third world countries, where technology comes first and regulation come next, may be an interesting field of study. Keywords: Big Data, Cyber Security, Data Protection, Policy, Issue Analysis

In this paper comparisonof strings between the DDR and B-RAM memoryisdiscussed. Embedded system is hard ware and software mixed design to perform a specific application. The design is implemented on Spartan 6 Atlys board consisting of memories like BRAM, DDR, Cache, UART etc. B-RAM is a static memory which stores the data temporarily. MPMC is customized memory controller that supports DDR memory.Using XPS tool the embedded processor Microblaze is configured inside the Spartan 6 FPGA. The data is transferred to the memory through UART IP which is connected to RS 232 serial port. KeywordDDR, BRAM, FPGA, MPMC.

Cold mix asphalt (CMA) emulsion based technology is a potential option to replace traditional hot mix asphalt due to environmental benefits and less energy consumption of producing it. However, the ...