Veterinary RecordVolume 164, Issue 18 p. 563-564 Short Communication Resistance of goat nematodes to multiple anthelmintics on a farm in France C. Paraud DVM, PhD, Corresponding Author C. Paraud DVM, PhD [email protected] Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches Caprines, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, 60 rue de Pied de Fond, 79012 Niort Cedex, France[email protected]Search for more papers by this authorA. Kulo PhD, DVM, A. Kulo PhD, DVM Ecole Supérieure d'Agronomie, Université de Lomé, BP 1515, Lomé, TogoSearch for more papers by this authorI. Pors, I. Pors Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches Caprines, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, 60 rue de Pied de Fond, 79012 Niort Cedex, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorC. Chartier DVM, PhD, C. Chartier DVM, PhD Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches Caprines, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, 60 rue de Pied de Fond, 79012 Niort Cedex, FranceSearch for more papers by this author C. Paraud DVM, PhD, Corresponding Author C. Paraud DVM, PhD [email protected] Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches Caprines, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, 60 rue de Pied de Fond, 79012 Niort Cedex, France[email protected]Search for more papers by this authorA. Kulo PhD, DVM, A. Kulo PhD, DVM Ecole Supérieure d'Agronomie, Université de Lomé, BP 1515, Lomé, TogoSearch for more papers by this authorI. Pors, I. Pors Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches Caprines, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, 60 rue de Pied de Fond, 79012 Niort Cedex, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorC. Chartier DVM, PhD, C. Chartier DVM, PhD Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches Caprines, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, 60 rue de Pied de Fond, 79012 Niort Cedex, FranceSearch for more papers by this author First published: 02 May 2009 https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.164.18.563Citations: 21Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. References 1ARTHO R. SCHNYDER M. KOHLER L. TORGERSON P. R. HERTZBERG H. (2007) Avermectin-resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of Boer goats and Dorper sheep in Switzerland. Veterinary Parasitology 144, 68 – 73 2CABARET J. BAUDET H. M. DEVOS J. HUBERT J. CORTET J. SAUVE C. (1995) Studies on multispecific resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes to benzimidazoles on dairy-goat farms. Veterinary Parasitology 60, 331 – 337 3CHARTIER C. PORS I. (1994) Efficacy of four broad spectrum anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. Veterinary Record 134, 523 – 524 4CHARTIER C. PORS I. HUBERT J. ROCHETEAU D. BENOIT C. BERNARD N. (1998) Prevalence of anthelmintic resistant nematodes in sheep and goats in western France. Small Ruminant Research 29, 33 – 41 5CHARTIER C. SOUBIRAC F. PORS I. SILVESTRE A. HUBERT J. COUQUET C. CABARET J. (2001) Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of dairy goats under extensive management conditions in southwestern France. Journal of Helminthology 75, 325 – 330 6CHARTIER C. PORS I. REHBY L. KERBOEUF D. (2007) Anthelmintic resistance survey in French dairy goat nematodes in four main breeding areas. Proceedings of the 21st International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology. Ghent, August 19 to 23, 2007. p 213 7COLES G. C. GIORDANO D. J. TRITSCHLER J. P. (1989) Efficacy of levamisole against immature and mature nematodes in goats with induced infections. American Journal of Veterinary Research 50, 1074 – 1075 8COLES G. C. BAUER C. BORGSTEEDE F. H. M. GEERTS S. KLEI T. R. TAYLOR M. A. WALLER P. J. (1992) World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) methods for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance. Veterinary Parasitology 44, 35 – 44 9EYSKER M. VAN GRAAFEILAND A. E. PLOEGER H. W. (2006) Resistance of Teladorsagia circumcincta in goats to ivermectin. Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde 131, 358 – 361 10GRIMSHAW W. T. R. HONG C. HUNT K. R. (1996) Potential for misinterpretation of the faecal egg count reduction test for levamisole resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. Veterinary Parasitology 62, 267 – 273 11KAPLAN R. M. (2004) Drug resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance: a status report. Trends in Parasitology 20, 477 – 481 12MAFF (1986) The recovery and identification of helminths post mortem. In Manual of Veterinary Parasitological Laboratory Techniques. HMSO. pp 42 – 64 13MORTENSEN L. L. WILLIAMSON L. H. TERRILL T. H. KIRCHER R. A. LARSEN M. KAPLAN R. M. (2003) Evaluation of prevalence and clinical implications of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 223, 495 – 500 14WEST D. M. POMROY W. E. LEATHWICK D. M. (2004) Multiple resistance in Trichostrongylus and Teladorsagia (Ostertagia) in goats to oxfendazole, levamisole and moxidectin, and inefficacy of trichlorphon. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 52, 298 – 299 15WOOD I. B. AMARAL N. K. BAIRDEN K. DUNCAN J. L. KASSAI T. MALONE J. B. PANKAVICH J. A. REINECKE R. K. SLOCOMBE O. TAYLOR S. M. VERCRUYSSE J. (1995) World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) second edition of guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of anthelmintics in ruminants (bovine, ovine, caprine). Veterinary Parasitology 58, 181 – 213 Citing Literature Volume164, Issue18May 2009Pages 563-564 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Infection of grazing goats by Calicophoron daubneyi has already been described in France, in particular in the Saone-et-Loire area (eastern France). The aim of the present study was to describe more precisely the distribution of this parasite in this area. Forty-two goat farms using pasture were visited once at the end of 2006: 15 goats per farm were individually sampled for faeces and the farmer filled in a questionnaire on general characteristics of the farm, on the use of pasture and on the management of parasitism. C. daubneyi infection was equally present in the whole area. 58.1% of the farms presented at least one animal excreting C. daubneyi eggs. Intra-flock prevalence was on average 35% and varied from 7% to 93%.72.5% of the positive goats excreted less than 100eggs/g. 70% of the farmers treating their goats for trematode infections used oxyclozanide with two main doses, 15 and 22 mg/kg bodyweight (BW). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The influence of absorption and metabolism of benzimidazoles on the individual variability of goat response against Muellerius capillaris and gastro-intestinal strongyles was studied. The intravenous administration was compared to the oral one for oxfendazole (7.5 mg/kg BW). For gastro-intestinal strongyles, the IV route gave a higher egg output reduction and a greater homogeneity of response to the treatment. For M. capillaris, the differences between both routes were not significant. The use of an oil formulation of oxfendazole (7.5 mg/kg BW), giving a higher bioavailability as compared to the commercial aqueous one, did not allow in our study to obtain a higher efficacy or a more homogenous response of the goats against lungworm or gastro-intestinal strongyle infections. At last, the comparative efficacy of oxfendazole, fenbendazole and febantel at a same molar dose rate against M. capillar's and gastro-intestinal strongyles showed similar results. These data suggest that the initial biotransformation of the febantel giving oxfendazole and fenbendazole does not play a major role in the individual variability of the goats response.

One hundred and eighty-seven dairy goats originating from 7 farms in western France were treated individually with febantel (probenzimidazole drug) at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg in spring 1991. Individual faecal samples were collected on d 0, 7 and 21 post-treatment and processed for counting first stage larvae of Muellerius capillaris (LPG: larvae per gram of faeces). Eggs of digestive tract strongyles were also counted on d 0 and 7 (EPG: eggs per gram of faeces). Blood samples were taken on d 0 to assess pepsinogen concentration related to abomasal damage caused by strongyle infection. The individual characteristics of the goats were recorded. The procedure was repeated on the same animals in autumn 1991. The faecal larval count reduction (FLCR) was mainly related to farm and season: farm 1 in the spring and farm 6 in the autumn showed a higher proportion of high responder (HR) goats (FLCR > 80%), whereas farm 3 exhibited a lower proportion of HR goats in the autumn. On the other hand, the characteristics of the goats (breed, physiological status, age, weight, presence or absence of wattles and horns) as well as the initial level of parasitism (LPG, EPG and pepsinogen concentration) all had a role which was limited or zero on the variability of response to treatment. Goats could not be individually categorized according to their response level because the FLCR values obtained in the spring were not repeated in the autumn, suggesting that other environmental parameters could be involved.

Seven dairy-goat farms from the centerwest of france were investigated for morphology and ecology of first-stage larvae (L1) of Muellerius capillaris before and after treatment of goats with febantel, a probenzimidazole anthelmintic. The lengths, survivals at 20 and -20 degrees C, and infectivity of L1 to intermediate host Helix aspersa, were different between farms. The between farms differences in survivals were reduced after treatment of goats with febantel. The observed between farm differences in L1 did not seem to be related to farm characteristics (intensity of treatments, susceptibility to febantel, and intermediate host species).

Seven dairy-goat farms, located in central, western France, were studied in order to assess the variability in susceptibility of the lungworm Muellerius capillaris first-stage larvae (L1) to 3 different anthelmintics in relation to farm origin, by means of motility tests. The motility tests were performed by mixing larval suspensions with pyrantel (PYR), thiabendazole (TBZ) or ivermectin (IVE) solutions (3 concentrations x 3 incubation durations). The same anthelmintic tests were repeated 7 and 21 d after febantel (probenzimidazole) treatment of the goats. Before the treatment of goats, the average ratio (x 100) of L1 motility compared with control were very different for the 3 anthelminthics: 44, 30 and 59, respectively for TBZ, PYR and IVE. The ratios of L1 motility were the same at days 7 and 21 after the treatment of goats. The susceptibility of L1 to anthelmintics varied a great deal from 1 farm to another when goats had not been previously treated, whereas L1s from the same farms were the same after treatment of goats. The occurrence of different motilities of L1 with the anthelmintic tests from 1 farm to another should be related to the existence of different populations of M capillaris. The L1 motilities were reduced after anthelmintic treatment of goats suggesting a temporary effect on populations of M capillaris females shedding L1.